Photography, Camera, Lenses

PHOTOGRAPHY,
CAMERA,
LENSES
PHOTOGRAPH
Y
• Photography is the science, art and practice of
creating durable images by recording light or other
electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by
means of an image sensor, or chemically by means
of a light-sensitive material such as photographic
film.
PHOTOGRAPH
• ComesY
from the Greek word “phōtos” which
means light and “graphé” which means
“drawing”.
• Together they mean drawing with light
PURPOSE OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
• Photography is used in nearly every human endeavor
from astronomy to medical diagnosis to industrial
quality control.
• Photographs can also be objects of art that explore the
human condition and provide aesthetic pleasure (for
people to enjoy looking at).
• For millions of people, photography is a satisfying
hobby or a rewarding career.
• Photography as Art:
THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH (18 2 )
The first photograph, or

the earliest known
surviving photograph was
taken by Joseph
Nicéphore Niépce, in
1826. The image depicts
the view from an upstairs
window at Niépce's estate,
Le Gras, in France. It is
taken with a camera
obscure (pinhole camera)
THE EARLIEST CAMERA (1840)
The first camera invented was mad by

Alexander Wolcott - his camera design
was patented on May 8th, 1840. His
invention made it possible for candid
photos to be taken and not fade away
with time. He also has the distinction of
opening the earliest photography shop –
that was known as a dagurran parlor – in
New York City.
THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH OF A HuMAn
”BOuLEvARd d u TEMPLE” (PARIS, 1 8 3 8 )
• Boulevard du Temple, taken

by Louis Daguerre in late 1838, was
the first-ever photograph of a
person. It is an image of a busy
street, but because exposure time
was over ten minutes, the city traffic
was moving too much to appear.
The exception is a man in the
bottom left corner, who stood still
getting his boots polished long
enough to show up in the picture.
THE FIRST LIGHT PICTuRE And HuMAn
POTRAIT EvER TAkEn [OCT,nOv
1839]
 Robert Cornelius, self-portrait,
Oct. or Nov. 1839, approximate
quarter plate daguerreotype
which is a procedure invented in
1839 using silver on a copper
plate. The back reads, “The first
light picture ever taken.”
This self-portrait is the first
photographic portrait image of a
human ever produced.
F i rst Col o r Pho t o g r aPh [ 18 1]
 Although color photography was

explored throughout the 19th
century, initial experiments in color
resulted in projected temporary
images, rather than permanent color
images. Moreover until the 1870s
the emulsions available were not
sensitive to red or green light.The
first color photo, an additive
projected image of a tartan ribbon,
was taken in 1861 by the Scottish
physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
F i r s t high sPeed P h o t o g r a P h
[1878]
• In 1887, using a series of trip wires,
Eadweard Muybridge created the first
high speed photo series which can
be run together to give the effect of
motion pictures. High speed
photography is the science of taking
pictures of very fast phenomena. In
1948, the Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
defined high-speed photography as
any set of photographs captured by a
camera capable of 128 frames per
second or greater, and of at least
three consecutive frames.
iNtrodUCtioN
A CAMERA is a device that records images, either as a
still photograph or as moving images known as videos
or movies.
A device for taking photographs by letting light from an

image fall briefly onto sensitized film, usually by means
of a lens-and-shutter mechanism.
 The term camera comes from the word camera obscura
(Latin for "dark chamber")
 An early mechanism of projecting images where an
entire room functioned as a real-time imaging system
 The modern camera evolved from the camera
obscura.
hi s t o r Y
Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) invented the Camera
Obscura in AD 1021 and explained why the
images were upside down.
The first camera that was small and portable
enough for practical use was built by Johann Zahn
in 1685.
The first permanent photograph was made in
1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
The first colour photograph was made by
Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
P a r t s oF t h e CaMera
View FiNder
Rewind Knob
FLASHSHo
e
ApeRtuRe Ring
Len
S
SHutteR Speed
diAL
woRKing oF
CAMeRA
•As Light wave enters the lens at an angle , it
bends in One direction. It bends again when it exits
the lens due to space b/w glass & air……
1St Lens 2nd
Lens
woRKing oF
CAMeRA
TYPES
OF
C A M E RA
BROWNIE POLAROID
FOLDING VIEW
BOX
CAMERA
CAMERA INSTANCE
CAMERA
CAMERA
Folding Camera
Compact design and
movable bellows
Have been in use for many
years.
Lens incorporated into
bellows, which is slid back
and forth to change focus.
Dark cloth blocks
out undesirable light
BroWnie BoX
Camera
Earliest cameras used by
the general public.
Relatively simple in design
and operation.
Consist wooden or plastic
box, Drop-blade shutter,
Holding device for the film.
Easy operation makes it popular
camera for casual photographers.
VieW Camera
Used for portrait and still-
life photography.
Geared track, precision
lenses,long bellows make the
camera fairly complicated.
Capture difficult subjects
such as buildings with a
minimum of distortion.
Camera lenSeS
Camera lenSeS
The camera lens owes to the human eye.
The lens focuses a parallel light beam to form
an inverted image.
Lenses helps to avoid blurredness and far-off
photographs can be easily taken.
Focal length of lens affects the field of view,
magnification, and depth of field of a lens.
Light in weight and compact.
 Available in the best brands.
TYPeS oF lenSeS
Range (in mm) Known as Properties
20 to 35 Wide-angle lenses Provide greater depth of

field and include larger
angle of view but provide
relatively low magnification.
45 to 55 Normal lenses Produce an image that can

be clearly seen by human
eye.
Approx. 85 Telephoto lenses Constrict the field of view
and decrease the depth of
field.
More than 85 Zoom lens Can be adjusted
continuously between two
fixed limits.

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PHOTOGRAPHY,

The first photograph, or

The first camera invented was mad by

• Boulevard du Temple, taken

 Although color photography was

A device for taking photographs by letting light from an

20 to 35 Wide-angle lenses Provide greater depth of

45 to 55 Normal lenses Produce an image that can

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