The document discusses constraints and factors affecting bank management. Legal/regulatory constraints include capital requirements and customer protection laws. Major factors influencing bank market share are inflation, securitization, technology, consumers, deregulation, competition, and globalization of financial markets. The document also outlines assets and liabilities of commercial banks, noting deposits and loans as major components.
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Constraints For Bank Management
The document discusses constraints and factors affecting bank management. Legal/regulatory constraints include capital requirements and customer protection laws. Major factors influencing bank market share are inflation, securitization, technology, consumers, deregulation, competition, and globalization of financial markets. The document also outlines assets and liabilities of commercial banks, noting deposits and loans as major components.
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Constraints for Bank
Management
Market constraints (compet. Rates)
Social constraints (servi to charities etc.) Legal and Regulatory constraints B/S composition (cap. Requirments etc.) customer relationships (cust. Protectn laws) Major factors affecting bank market share Inflation and volatile interest rates Securitization Technological advances Consumers Deregulation Despecialization and Competition Globalization Money and capital markets Inflation and volatile interest rates
High interest rates lead to higher cost of
borrowing Failure of financial institutions (due to short-term borrowing and long-term loan investments) Large default of borrowers Decline of market value of assets Securitization Issuance of debt instrument from defined pool of loans (e.g. credit card loans, mortgage loans, car loans etc.) Securitization vs. Collateralization Packaging and selling the loan Unbundling lending process (originating loan, packaging, servicing, funding) Bank’s liquidity and access to secondary market Technological advances Impact of technology on competition Reduction of processing costs of financial transactions Specialization in securitization by large Financial Institutions Economies of scale (high vol, low cost) Reduction in costs of screening and monitoring loan portfolio Economies of scope (through internet) Consumers
Greater education and personal money
management Internet and on-line banking Greater volatility in flow of funds Deregulation
Reduction or elimination of laws
No geographical limits on banks Bank mergers and failures Collaboration of investment banks and insurance companies Despecialization and Competition
Changing structure of fin. Serv industry
Bank Desp. – One stop shopping center Overlapping of fin. Serv. by banking and non-banking firms Increased competition Trade credit to customers Globalization
The world as a single market
Globalization vs. internationalization Global integration of fin. Markets Increased competition Money and capital markets
Money markets – short term funds
Capital markets – long term funds Large Cos greater access to cheaper funds thru commercial papers Decline in bank market share of fin. assets due to competition Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks Assets Bank credit Investments (govt. securities, other) Loans (commercial and industrial, other) Interbank loans Cash assets (4 – 8%) Other assets (building, equipment etc.) Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks (contd.)
Liabilities Deposits (transaction, non-transaction) Borrowings Other liabilities Equity Bank’s own capital (5 – 10%) Banks – a high leveraged org.