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The Resulting Ripple Factor Is

The document discusses different types of filter circuits used in rectifier circuits including LC filters and LC-π filters. It explains how an LC filter works by allowing the DC components to pass through the inductor while blocking AC components. It then describes how an LC-π filter uses two capacitors and an inductor connected in a π shape to further smooth the output. The document also discusses surge current that occurs when a filter capacitor is initially charged and how it can be limited using a current limiting resistor if needed.

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Bharat Lal
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62 views10 pages

The Resulting Ripple Factor Is

The document discusses different types of filter circuits used in rectifier circuits including LC filters and LC-π filters. It explains how an LC filter works by allowing the DC components to pass through the inductor while blocking AC components. It then describes how an LC-π filter uses two capacitors and an inductor connected in a π shape to further smooth the output. The document also discusses surge current that occurs when a filter capacitor is initially charged and how it can be limited using a current limiting resistor if needed.

Uploaded by

Bharat Lal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• The resulting Ripple factor is

1
Exercise Problem
• Design a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit to deliver 10 volts dc with less than 0.1 volt (pp) ripple
into a load drawing up to 10 mA. Choose the appropriate ac input voltage, assuming 0.6 volt
diode drops. Be sure to use the correct ripple frequency in your calculations.

2
Filter Types: LC Filter
• A filter circuit can be constructed using both inductor and capacitor in order to
obtain a better output where the efficiencies of both inductor and capacitor can
be used.

• The rectified output when given to this circuit, the inductor allows dc components
to pass through it, blocking the ac components in the signal. Now, from that
signal, few more ac components if any present are grounded so that we get a pure
dc output.

3
This filter is also called as a Choke Input Filter as the input signal
first enters the inductor. The output of this filter is a better one than
the previous one. 4
LC –π Filter
• This is another type of filter circuit which is very commonly used. It has capacitor at its input and
hence it is also called as a Capacitor Input Filter.

• Here, two capacitors and one inductor are connected in the form of π shaped network.

• A capacitor in parallel, then an inductor in series, followed by another capacitor in parallel makes
this circuit.

• If needed, several identical sections can also be added to this, according to the requirement.

5
Capacitor C1 − This filter capacitor offers high reactance to dc and low
reactance to ac signal. After grounding the ac components present in the
signal, the signal passes to the inductor for further filtration.

Inductor L − This inductor offers low reactance to dc components, while


blocking the ac components if any got managed to pass, through the
capacitor C1.

Capacitor C2 − Now the signal is further smoothened using this capacitor


so that it allows any ac component present in the signal, which the
inductor has failed to block.
6
Surge Current

• Before the switch is closed as shown in figure , the filter capacitor is uncharged. At the instant the
switch is closed, voltage is connected to the bridge and the uncharged capacitor appears as a
short.

7
Surge Current
•• Initially
  , Diode current is limited only by the resistance of the transformer secondary and Bulk
resistance of the diode.

• These resistances are usually very low , the initial current will be extremely high . This high
current is referred to as SURGE CURRENT.

• It is calculated as follows

8
Example
• 
Assume the rectifier circuit has an input of 170VPK , turns-ratio of 2:1, RW=0.8 Ω and RB=5Ω . Find
initial Surge Current.
V2(PK)=V1(PK)
V2(PK)=85Vpk
Now the surge current can be calculated as
  V 2( pk )
I surge =
Rw+ RB

Isurge=14.655A
9
• The surge current value found in the previous example seems to be
extremely high, but it probably wont cause any problem

• Most rectifier diodes have relatively high surge current rating as 1N400X
series has IFSM rated at 30A.

• The 14.655 A from previous example is well below IFSM rating of 1N400x
series .

• When amount of surge current produced by the circuit is more than the
rectifier diodes can handle , the problem can be resolved by using a series
current limiting resistor.

• The Rsurge is low value and high –wattage component .


10

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