Chapter 1 and 2 RPH

Context analysis – contextual analysis refers to the social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during
a certain time and place

in history.
In analyzing historical events, context can help us understand what motivates people to behave as they did
 Time
 Place
 Historical document (written)
 Situation
 Circumstances (time)
Context analysis
How authoritative is the account/source?
How is it relevant today?

Lesson 1
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of history
2. Explain the significance of history
What is History?
 What is it all about?
 It is not just memorizing facts.
 Historians duty (your duty)

 To draw insights from the ideas and realities
experience by the people that have shaped the
lives of men and women and society.
 Understanding these ideas
 A historian can comprehend how situations
happened, identify their elements, and think
of how these situations can solve today’s
predicaments and help plan for the future.
History
 is the study of the beliefs and desires,

practices, and institutions of human beings
 Philippine society
 Development of Philippine culture through

time
 Influences of the colonial period that would
eventually shape the present Philippine
identity
Why study History?
- Past
teaches us to see the world through
different eyes - appreciating the diversity of
- human perceptions
- beliefs
- cultures
 Different and / or new perspectives will enable us
to analyze critically the present contexts of society
and beings.
 The meaning of History
 By Louis Gottschalk (1950, New York: Knopf, p.17

 History in Greek = learning
Definition of history
Aristotle
 A systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether

or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account…
Aristotle
 In the course of time, however, the equivalent Latin
word Scientia came to be used more regularly to
designate non-chronological systematic accounts of
natural phenomena; and the word history was
reserved usually for accounts of phenomena
(especially human affairs) in chronological order.
History
 “the past of mankind”

Questions
1. What is history?
2. How is your understanding of history
different from what is explained in this
lesson?
3. What does a historian do?
As a student of history, what do you think will
be your “duties”?
4.What role does history take in the study of
Philippine society, culture, and identity?
Questions
 How did the word “history” come about?
 Discuss its etymology and evolution.
 5. How is history commonly defined according

to Gottschalk?
Reflection
 How does your past shape your identity and behavior?

Lesson 2
 Understanding Sources
 1. Identify the differences between a primary

source and a secondary source,
 2. Enumerate materials which can be considered
primary sources, and
 3.Evaluate materials in terms of authenticity,
credibility, and provenance.
Primary sources (Gottschalk, 1950)
 Archeological
 Epigraphical – an engraved
inscription
 Numismatic materials
 ---currency
 Depend
 on
 museums
Primary sources (Gottschalk, 1950)
What are sources?

 Official records
 Private papers
 Not available in official collections
 Hunt among the papers of business houses
 The monument rooms of ancient castles
 The prized possessions of autograph collectors
 The records of parish churches

Historical sources – studied and written
 A proper way of writing history to enhance and

disseminate national identity
Primary
Sources
 Materials produced by people or groups directly

involved in the event or topic being studied
 Participants or eyewitnesses to the event
 Sources range:
 eyewitness accounts,
 diaries,
 letters,
 legal documents,
 official document

Primary Sources
1. PHOTOGRAPHS – reflect social

conditions of historical realities and
everyday life
2. Old sketches and drawings that may
indicate the conditions of the life of
societies in the past
Primary Sources
3. Old maps –
space and geography
trade routes
4. Structural build up
 4. Cartoons – political expression or propaganda
 5. material evidence of the prehistoric past like cave

drawings
 Old syllabaries
 Ancient writings
 6.Statistical tables, graphs, and charts

 7. Oral history or recordings by electronic means of
accounts of eyewitnesses or participants; the
recordings are then transcribed and used for
research
 Published and unpublished primary
documents,
 Eyewitness accounts
 Other written sources
Secondary sources
 Gottschalk
 “the testimony of anyone
who is not an eyewitness
– that is of one who was
not present at the event
of which he tells”
REFERENCE: TORRES J. V.
(2019), BATIS SOURCES IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
PAGES 1-12

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Context analysis – contextual analysis refers to the social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during

a certain time and place

How authoritative is the account/source?

How is it relevant today?

 It is not just memorizing facts.

 Historians duty (your duty)

 is the study of the beliefs and desires,

 Development of Philippine culture through

 The meaning of History

 By Louis Gottschalk (1950, New York: Knopf, p.17

 A systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether

 “the past of mankind”

 5. How is history commonly defined according

 How does your past shape your identity and behavior?

 1. Identify the differences between a primary

What are sources?

 Hunt among the papers of business houses

 The monument rooms of ancient castles

 The prized possessions of autograph collectors

 The records of parish churches

 A proper way of writing history to enhance and

 Materials produced by people or groups directly

1. PHOTOGRAPHS – reflect social

 5. material evidence of the prehistoric past like cave

 6.Statistical tables, graphs, and charts

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