System Thinking: Summary From Various Sources Not For Publication

SYSTEM THINKING
RATNA DWI WULANDARI

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH – UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SUMMARY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
NOT FOR PUBLICATION

WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
SYSTEMS THINKING
 Traditional analysis focuses on the individual
pieces of what is being studied.
 Systems thinking focuses on how the things
being studied interact with the other
constituents of the system.
 Instead of isolating smaller and smaller parts
of the system being studied,
systems thinking works by
expanding its view to consider larger
and larger numbers of interactions as an
issue is being studied.
Systems thinking is an approach to problem solving that
views "problems" as part of a wider dynamic system.
Systems thinking involves much more than a reaction to
present outcomes or events.
It demands a deeper understanding of the linkages,
relationships, interactions and behaviors among the elements
that characterize the entire system
PROBLEM SOLVING: PEST CONTROL
Skills of
systems
thinking
KEY SYSTEMS THINKING COMPONENTS
Multiple Perspectives Interconnections

• World views • Relationships
• Voices • Feedback
• Knowledge • Patterns
systems KEY SYSTEMS
THINKING
COMPONENTS
Influences
Boundaries
• Blocks • Communities
• Leverage points • Systems within systems
• Drivers • Scope
• Issues
7
MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES
Who or what are the key stakeholders in this

situation?
What stakes (individual values and

motivations) do they have?
What are the different ways in

which the situation can be framed
or understood – by whom?
What stakes (individual values and

motivations) do they have?
8
INTERCONNECTIONS
How do the elements within

the situation (components,
stakeholders, knowledge, etc.)
interconnect?
Leverage points are seen as

key points with which to
intervene in complex systems
What patterns emerge from

these relationships in action -
with what consequences, and
for whom?
9
BOUNDARIES
Define scope and scale (and from

what/whose perspective is this
developed.)
Are other boundaries possible – and

feasible?
Agree on how to structure the

problem situation
Discuss what constitutes an

improvement – and how this
might be different for different
stakeholders?
10
INFLUENCES
What drives the systems in question in

particular directions
Identify …. drivers, trends, enablers,

blocks, leverage points
Leverage points are seen as key points

with which to intervene in complex
systems
11
LATIHAN
Lakukan telaah atas sistem berikut: (1 kelompok ambil 1 topik)

a. Sistem pembiayaan Kesehatan
b. Sistem informasi Kesehatan
c. Sistem sumber daya manusia Kesehatan
Definisikan:
Key systems thinking components (cek penjelasan pada slide
sebelumnya)
Hasil kerja kelompok sajikan dalam bentuk power point

SYSTEM THINKING NATURE
 Systems thinking is not a panacea.

 Its application does not mean that resolving problems and
weaknesses will come easily or naturally
 But it will identify, with more precision, where some of the true
blockages and challenges lie
 Systems thinking will help to:
1) explore these problems from a systems perspective;
2) show potentials of solutions that work across sub-systems;
3) promote dynamic networks of diverse stakeholders;
4) inspire learning; and
5) foster more system-wide planning, evaluation and research.
SYSTEMS THINKING ENABLES US TO:
Change our thinking to Communicate with others Change our behavior to Identify and test a wider
match the interconnected, to create new ways of work with the complex variety of possible actions
dynamic complexity of thinking and seeing - and forces in the system and solution pathways
our communities and their develop shared (instead of against them)
environments understanding to realize our vision
Become more aware of Harness social learning Expand the choices

the potential for processes to help us available to us and
unintended consequences develop a shared identify those choices
of our actions understanding and take where we can develop
action collectively significant leverage
14
SYSTEMS
THINKING
for Health Systems
Strengthening
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM:
AIMS AND ATTRIBUTES
Systems thinking in the health sector shifts the focus to:
 the nature of relationships among the building blocks
 the spaces between the blocks (and understanding what
happens there)
 the synergies emerging from interactions among the
blocks

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SYSTEM THINKING

RATNA DWI WULANDARI

SUMMARY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

Multiple Perspectives Interconnections

Who or what are the key stakeholders in this

What stakes (individual values and

What are the different ways in

What stakes (individual values and

How do the elements within

Leverage points are seen as

What patterns emerge from

Define scope and scale (and from

Are other boundaries possible – and

Agree on how to structure the

Discuss what constitutes an

What drives the systems in question in

Identify …. drivers, trends, enablers,

Leverage points are seen as key points

Lakukan telaah atas sistem berikut: (1 kelompok ambil 1 topik)

Hasil kerja kelompok sajikan dalam bentuk power point

 Systems thinking is not a panacea.

Become more aware of Harness social learning Expand the choices

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