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    Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No. 9

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    assada
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including copy constructors, shallow copying, deep copying, destructors, accessor functions, and the this pointer. It discusses how copy constructors are used to initialize one object from another and performs either shallow or deep copying. It also describes how destructors are used to perform cleanup when objects are destroyed. Accessor functions are used to access private data members, and the this pointer allows member functions to access the object they are called on.

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    Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No. 9

    Uploaded by

    assada
    25 views35 pages
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including copy constructors, shallow copying, deep copying, destructors, accessor functions, and the this pointer. It discusses how copy constructors are used to initialize one object from another and performs either shallow or deep copying. It also describes how destructors are used to perform cleanup when objects are destroyed. Accessor functions are used to access private data members, and the this pointer allows member functions to access the object they are called on.

    Original Title

    Lecture 09

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    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including copy constructors, shallow copying, deep copying, destructors, accessor functions, and the this pointer. It discusses how copy constructors are used to initialize one object from another and performs either shallow or deep copying. It also describes how destructors are used to perform cleanup when objects are destroyed. Accessor functions are used to access private data members, and the this pointer allows member functions to access the object they are called on.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views35 pages

    Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No. 9

    Uploaded by

    assada
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including copy constructors, shallow copying, deep copying, destructors, accessor functions, and the this pointer. It discusses how copy constructors are used to initialize one object from another and performs either shallow or deep copying. It also describes how destructors are used to perform cleanup when objects are destroyed. Accessor functions are used to access private data members, and the this pointer allows member functions to access the object they are called on.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Object Oriented Programming

    (OOP)
    Lecture No. 9
    Review
    ►Member functions implementation
    ►Constructors
    ►Constructors overloading
    ►Copy constructors
    Copy Constructor
    ►Copy constructor are used when:
     Initializing an object at the time of
    creation
     When an object is passed by value
    to a function
    Example
    void func1(Student student){
    …
    }
    int main(){
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”);
    Student studentB = studentA;
    func1(studentA);
    }
    Copy Constructor (contd.)

    Student::Student(
    const Student &obj){
    rollNo = obj.rollNo;
    name = obj.name;
    GPA = obj.GPA;
    }
    Shallow Copy
    ►When we initialize one object with
    another then the compiler copies
    state of one object to the other
    ►This kind of copying is called
    shallow copying
    Example
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”);
    Student studentB = studentA;

    A
    H
    studentA M studentB
    A
    RollNn D
    RollNn
    Name Name
    Heap
    GPA GPA
    Example
    int main(){
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”,1);
    {
    Student studentB = studentA;

    A
    H
    studentA M studentB
    A
    RollNn D
    RollNn
    Name Name
    Heap
    GPA GPA
    Example
    int main(){
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”,1);
    {
    Student studentB = studentA;
    }
    }

    studentA
    RollNn
    Name
    Heap
    GPA
    Copy Constructor (contd.)

    Student::Student(
    const Student & obj){
    int len = strlen(obj.name);
    name = new char[len+1]
    strcpy(name, obj.name);
    …
    /*copy rest of the data members*/
    }
    Example
    int main(){
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”,1);
    {
    Student studentB = studentA;
    A
    H
    M studentB
    studentA A
    D RollNn
    RollNn
    A Name
    Name H GPA
    GPA M
    A
    D
    Example
    int main(){
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”,1);
    {
    Student studentB = studentA;
    }
    } A
    H
    M
    studentA A
    RollNn D

    Name
    Heap
    GPA
    Copy Constructor (contd.)

    ►Copy constructor is normally used


    to perform deep copy
    ►If we do not make a copy
    constructor then the compiler
    performs shallow copy
    Destructor
    ►Destructor is used to free memory
    that is allocated through dynamic
    allocation
    ►Destructor is used to perform
    house keeping operations
    Destructor (contd.)

    ►Destructor is a function with


    the same name as that of
    class, but preceded with a
    tilde ‘~’
    Example
    class Student
    {
    …
    public:
    ~Student(){
    if(name){
    delete []name;
    }
    }
    }
    Overloading

    ►Destructors cannot be
    overloaded
    Sequence of Calls
    ►Constructors and destructors are
    called automatically
    ►Constructors are called in the
    sequence in which object is
    declared
    ►Destructors are called in reverse
    order
    Example
    Student::Student(char * aName){
    …
    cout << aName << “Cons\n”;
    }
    Student::~Student(){
    cout << name << “Dest\n”;
    }
    };
    Example
    int main()
    {
    Student studentB(“Ali”);
    Student studentA(“Ahmad”);
    return 0;
    }
    Example

    Output:
    Ali Cons
    Ahmad Cons
    Ahmad Dest
    Ali Dest
    Accessor Functions
    ►Usually the data member are defined in
    private part of a class – information
    hiding
    ►Accessor functions are functions that are
    used to access these private data
    members
    ►Accessor functions also useful in reducing
    error
    Example – Accessing Data
    Member
    class Student{
    …
    int rollNo;
    public:
    void setRollNo(int aRollNo){
    rollNo = aRollNo;
    }
    };
    Example – Avoiding Error
    void Student::setRollNo(int aRollNo){
    if(aRollNo < 0){
    rollNo = 0;
    }
    else
    {
    rollNo = aRollNo;
    }
    }
    Example - Getter
    class Student{
    …
    int rollNo;
    public:
    int getRollNo(){
    return rollNo;
    }
    };
    this
    class Student{
    Pointer
    int rollNo;
    char *name;
    float GPA;
    public:
    int getRollNo();
    void setRollNo(int aRollNo);
    …
    };
    this Pointer
    ►The compiler reserves space for the
    functions defined in the class
    ►Space for data is not allocated (since
    no object is yet created)

    Function Space
    getRollNo(), …
    this Pointer
    ►Student s1, s2, s3;

    s2(rollNo,…)

    Function Space
    getRollNo(), … s3(rollNo,…)

    s1(rollNo,…)
    this Pointer
    ►Function space is common for
    every variable
    ►Whenever a new object is created:
     Memory is reserved for variables
    only
     Previously defined functions are
    used over and over again
    this Pointer
    ►Memory layout for objects
    created:s1
    rollNo, …
    s2
    rollNo, …
    s3
    rollNo, …
    s4
    rollNo, …

    Function Space
    getRollNo(), …

    •How does the functions know on


    which object to act?
    this Pointer
    ► Address of each object is passed to the
    calling function
    ► This address is deferenced by the functions
    and hence they act on correct objects

    s1 s2 s3 s4
    rollNo, … rollNo, … rollNo, … rollNo, …
    address address address address

    •The variable containing the “self-address”


    is called this pointer
    Passing this Pointer
    ► Whenever a function is called the this
    pointer is passed as a parameter to that
    function
    ► Function with n parameters is actually called
    with n+1 parameters
    Example
    void Student::setName(char *)

    is internally represented as

    void Student::setName(char *,
    const Student *)
    Declaration of this
    DataType * const this;
    Compiler Generated Code

    Student::Student(){
    rollNo = 0;
    }

    Student::Student(){
    this->rollNo = 0;
    }

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