Automatic Cab Signaling System For Rail Engines

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PRESENTED BY:
V.BALA NACHIAPPAN 07R21A0465
K.PRANAV REDDY 07R21A0487
A.VISHNU VARDHAN REDDY 07R21A04B8

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific

task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for
multiple tasks.
The software written for embedded systems is often

called firmware, and is stored in read-only memory rather
than a disk drive.
It often runs with limited computer hardware resources:

small or no keyboard, screen, and little memory.
An embedded system is a combination of computer
circuitry and software that is built into a product for
purposes such as control, monitoring and
communication without human intervention.
Embedded systems are at the core of every modern

electronic product, ranging from toys to medical
equipment to aircraft control systems.
In this project, we are going to make a prototype of an

Automatic Cab Signaling System for Rail Engines by
using microcontroller.
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Ô It consists of :
Power Supply
Micro Controller IC 89C51
An Encoder and Decoder
LCD Display Unit
LED ( Different Colors)
Switch
RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules
Alarm ( Buzzer)

Power Supply plays a major role in any project.
It is easy and simple, either to built or learn.
It consists of four important components :

- A transformer which is of step down type
- A rectifier bridge
- An electrolytic capacitor and
- The voltage regulator
For example a 5V regulated power supply system as shown
below:
Fig : Functional Block Diagram of Power supply

The major Features of 8-bit Micro controller
ATMEL 89C51:
8 Bit CPU , optimized for control applications
On - Chip Flash Program Memory
On - Chip Data RAM
Bi-directional and Individually Addressable
I/O Lines
Multiple 16-Bit Timer/Counters
Full Duplex UART
On - Chip Oscillator and Clock circuitry.
On - Chip EEPROM
Encoder
An is a device, circuit that converts information
from one format or code to another, for the purposes of
standardization, speed, secrecy, security.
A simple encoder assigns a binary code to an active

input line.
In Telecommunications, An Encoder is used to change a

signal (such as a bit stream) or data into a code.
The Parallel Data is Converted to Serial Data using the

encoder and is given to the RF Module for Transmission.
Decoder
A is a device which does the reverse of an
encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to encode is usually just

reversed in order to decode.
The decoder checks the matching of the default address

set at the encoder.
The serial data will be converted into parallel data and

given to the micro controller for processing.
RF Transmitter and Receiver
The Radio Frequency ( RF ) transmitter is an electronic
device which, usually with the help of an antenna,
propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio,
television, or other telecommunications.
The RF Receiver is also an electronic device which, with

the help of an antenna, Receives an EM Signal and can
be used in various applications.
Both the RF Tx and Rx Modules are used in our project

for Transmission and Reception of Serial Data .
Alarm ( Buzzer)
An þ þ' gives an audible or visual warning about a
problem or condition.
We give an Audible warning using a Buzzer, which is

placed in the Rail engine¶s Cab and Hence, it Alerts the
driver about the signal status.
The visual warning is given using the Liquid Crystal

Display ( LCD ), which indicates the signal status
Visually.
Working
The Train will be sensed by the IR Sensors and
the Information is fed into the Microcontroller
If the signal is Alerted as (default condition)

and the Train is nearing that particular
signal, then the Microcontroller will send a digital
alert signal, which will be encoded and
transmitted using RF Technology
This will be received by the RF Receiver section
kept in the Engine Cab of the train and Then,
LCD will display this Alert and The Alarm will
start Ringing for a Specific period of time
Microcontroller
RF Tx
Tx Alert
Signal
Train Approaching
the signal
Microcontroller
LCD : RF Rx
RED Signal ON,
to stop
Rx Alert
Signal
Alarm
Ringing
If the Signal is Changed to m ( we use a
switch here, to do this ) and the train is also
sensed using IR Sensor and is found to be
approaching the signal, then no alert will be
given and the train can continue to go, without
stopping in the signal
Microcontroller
RF Tx
Tx Alert
Signal
Train Approaching
the signal
Microcontroller
LCD : RF Rx
Green Signal ON,
Can go
Rx Alert
Signal
No Alarm

The project ³ Automatic Cab Signaling System for Rail

Engines ´, is going to be developed by integrating
all the hardware components mentioned.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and

placed carefully, thus, they Might be contributing to the best
working of the unit.

Automatic Cab Signaling System For Rail Engines

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V.BALA NACHIAPPAN 07R21A0465

K.PRANAV REDDY 07R21A0487

A.VISHNU VARDHAN REDDY 07R21A04B8

 Embedded systems are designed to do some specific

 The software written for embedded systems is often

 It often runs with limited computer hardware resources:

 Embedded systems are at the core of every modern

 In this project, we are going to make a prototype of an

    c 

 Power Supply plays a major role in any project.

 It is easy and simple, either to built or learn.

 It consists of four important components :

 Fig : Functional Block Diagram of Power supply

 A simple encoder assigns a binary code to an active

 In Telecommunications, An Encoder is used to change a

 The Parallel Data is Converted to Serial Data using the

 The same method used to encode is usually just

 The decoder checks the matching of the default address

 The serial data will be converted into parallel data and

 The RF Receiver is also an electronic device which, with

 Both the RF Tx and Rx Modules are used in our project

 We give an Audible warning using a Buzzer, which is

 The visual warning is given using the Liquid Crystal

 If the signal is Alerted as  (default condition)

 The project ³ Automatic Cab Signaling System for Rail

 Presence of every module has been reasoned out and

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c cc

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific

The software written for embedded systems is often

It often runs with limited computer hardware resources:

Embedded systems are at the core of every modern

In this project, we are going to make a prototype of an

c

Power Supply plays a major role in any project.

It is easy and simple, either to built or learn.

It consists of four important components :

Fig : Functional Block Diagram of Power supply

A simple encoder assigns a binary code to an active

In Telecommunications, An Encoder is used to change a

The Parallel Data is Converted to Serial Data using the

The same method used to encode is usually just

The decoder checks the matching of the default address

The serial data will be converted into parallel data and

The RF Receiver is also an electronic device which, with

Both the RF Tx and Rx Modules are used in our project

We give an Audible warning using a Buzzer, which is

The visual warning is given using the Liquid Crystal

If the signal is Alerted as (default condition)

The project ³ Automatic Cab Signaling System for Rail

Presence of every module has been reasoned out and