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    Splints and Traction: DR Digvijay Agarwal Assistant Professor

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    Mrinali Vatsa
    This document discusses various mechanical immobilization devices used in orthopedics, including splints and traction. It describes different types of splints such as plaster, fiberglass, and air splints; indications and contraindications for splint use; and considerations for proper splint application and care of patients using splints. Traction is defined as pulling exerted on the skeletal system using weights, ropes, and pulleys. The objectives, principles, types (including skin and skeletal traction), advantages, and disadvantages of traction are outlined. Complications of skin and skeletal traction are also reviewed.

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    Splints and Traction: DR Digvijay Agarwal Assistant Professor

    Uploaded by

    Mrinali Vatsa
    216 views44 pages
    This document discusses various mechanical immobilization devices used in orthopedics, including splints and traction. It describes different types of splints such as plaster, fiberglass, and air splints; indications and contraindications for splint use; and considerations for proper splint application and care of patients using splints. Traction is defined as pulling exerted on the skeletal system using weights, ropes, and pulleys. The objectives, principles, types (including skin and skeletal traction), advantages, and disadvantages of traction are outlined. Complications of skin and skeletal traction are also reviewed.

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    Ortho

    Original Title

    SPLINTS AND TRACTION

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    This document discusses various mechanical immobilization devices used in orthopedics, including splints and traction. It describes different types of splints such as plaster, fiberglass, and air splints; indications and contraindications for splint use; and considerations for proper splint application and care of patients using splints. Traction is defined as pulling exerted on the skeletal system using weights, ropes, and pulleys. The objectives, principles, types (including skin and skeletal traction), advantages, and disadvantages of traction are outlined. Complications of skin and skeletal traction are also reviewed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    216 views44 pages

    Splints and Traction: DR Digvijay Agarwal Assistant Professor

    Uploaded by

    Mrinali Vatsa
    This document discusses various mechanical immobilization devices used in orthopedics, including splints and traction. It describes different types of splints such as plaster, fiberglass, and air splints; indications and contraindications for splint use; and considerations for proper splint application and care of patients using splints. Traction is defined as pulling exerted on the skeletal system using weights, ropes, and pulleys. The objectives, principles, types (including skin and skeletal traction), advantages, and disadvantages of traction are outlined. Complications of skin and skeletal traction are also reviewed.

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    SPLINTS AND TRACTION

    Dr Digvijay Agarwal
    Assistant Professor
    OBJECTIVE

    • Attain a basic knowledge as to what orthopedic


    injury gets what type of splint

    • Develop an understanding of proper splint


    application to avoid the hazards associated with
    improper splinting technique(s)
    WHAT ARE SPLINTS??

    • Devices that immobilize and protect an injured limb or


    spine

    • Can be of any rigid material POP, plastic or metal

    • Usually along with some padding to make it comfortable

    • They are used before or instead of casts or traction.


    INDICATIONS OF SPLINTS

    • Fractures, sprains and dislocations

    • Joint infections

    • Acute arthritis/ gout

    • Acute tenosynovitis
    CONTRAINDICATIONS OF SPLINTS

    • Compartment syndrome

    • Need for open reduction

    • Infected skin condition or when there is a high risk


    of infection
    SPLINTING MATERIALS

    • Plaster
    • Crammer wire splints
    • Fibreglass
    • Pre-fabricated splints
    • Air splints
    • Vacuum splints
    PLASTER OF PARIS

    • Calcium sulphate dehydrate


    • When wet it crystallises
    • Exothermic reaction
    • Average setting time- 3 to 9
    minutes
    • Average drying time: 24-72 hrs
    PLASTER OF PARIS

    ADVANTAGES
    • Easier to mold
    • Less expensive
    DISADVANTAGES
    • More difficult to apply
    • Gets soggy and soft when it gets wet
    CRAMMER WIRE SPLINT
    THOMAS SPLINT

    • Hugh Owen Thomas- Father of


    Orthopedics
    • Father not a trained physician
    (bone setter), was taken to court
    to defend his practice 3 times
    • Sent to train all the five sons
    • An eccentric and temperamental
    maninjured people to treat them?
    • Would treat patients free on
    Sundays
    THOMAS SPLINT

    • Ring at an angle of 120 degrees


    • Two side bars
    • Outer bar bent to accommodate the greater
    trochanter
    • Leg supported on slings tied to the side bars
    BOHLER BRAUN SPLINT

    • 3 Pulleys
    • Proximal pulley to
    prevent foot drop
    • 2nd pulley- traction
    in line with the
    femur
    • 3rd Pulley- traction
    in line for traction in
    line with the leg
    BOHLER BRAUN SPLINT

    ADVANTAGES
    • Traction unit is self contained easy option
    • Limb in comfortable position
    • Angle of traction changeable
    • Wound care possible
    • Multipurpose application
    • Simultaneous traction through Calcaneal/distal tibia and
    proximal tibia/distal femur possible
    DENNIS BROWN SPLINT

    • Used in the treatment of club foot..


    FIBRE GLASS SPLINT
    PRE FABRICATED SPLINTS
    AIR SPLINTS- INFLATABLE

    • Also called “pneumatic splints”


    • Become rigid when filled with air
    • Limit motion, control bleeding/swelling
    • Injured part inserted into deflated splint
    • Air infused and splint molds to injured body part
    • Fill to point which allows indentation with fingertips
    • Injury should be checked and treated within 30-45
    minutes after application
    CARE OF PATIENT ON SPLINT

    • Padding on the fracture site


    • Padding on bone prominences
    • Active mobilisation of muscles and joints
    • Watch out for effects of compression on nerves/ vessels
    • Daily check and adjustments of weights
    • Check pressure points and perineum for pressure points
    • Care of back
    PRE- POST CHECKS WITH SPLINTS- “FACTS”

    • Function
    • Arterial pulsations
    • Capillary refill
    • Temperature
    • Sensations
    THANKYOU
    SPLINTS AND TRACTION

    Dr Digvijay Agarwal
    Assistant Professor
    MECHANICAL IMMOBILISATION DEVICES

    SPLINTS
    • The use of various devices can achieve therapeutic benefits

    TRACTIOINS
    • Devices that immobilize by pulling on contracted muscles
    • Not as easy to apply as splints
    • May require special training for application to prevent
    further injury
    TRACTIONS

    • Traction is pulling effect exerted on a part of


    skeletal system.

    • Involves use of weights connected to patient with


    ropes, pulleys, slings, etc.
    OBJECTIVE OF TRACTION

    • Reduction of fracture/ dislocation


    • Maintenance of #
    • Reduce/ relieve pain
    • Immobilisation of painful joint
    • Prevention of deformity, counteracting muscle
    spasm
    • Correction of small defects
    PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE TRACTION

    • Traction must produce a pulling effect on the body


    • Counter traction must be maintained
    • The traction and counter pull must be in the opposite
    directions
    • Splints and slings must be suspended without interference
    • Ropes must move freely through each pulley
    • Precise amount of weight must be applied
    • The weights must hang free
    TYPES OF TRACTIONS

    Manual
    • Pulling on body using hands and strength
    • Used frequently to replace dislocation
    Skin-Devices applied to skin such as pelvic belt,
    Buck’s/Russell’s traction
    Skeletal-Pulls directly on bone with wires, pins, tongs
    into bone
    ADVANTAGES OF TRACTION

    • Regain normal length and alignment of involved bone.


    • Relieves pain and muscle spasm
    • Restricts movements while the injury heals
    • Maintains functional position until the healing is complete
    • Allows other activities
    • Prevents further structural damage and deformity
    • Prevent or reduce skeletal deformities or muscle contractures
    • Provides a fusiform tamponade around a bleeding vessel
    DISADVANTAGES OF TRACTION

    •Costly in terms of hospital stay


    •Hazards of prolonged bed rest
    • Thromboembolism
    •Decubitus ulcer
    • Pnuemonia
    •Require extensive nursing care
    SKIN TRACTION

    • Limited force can be applied generally not to


    exceed 5 lbs
    • More commonly used in pediatric patients
    • Can cause soft tissue problems especially in
    elderly or rheumatoid patients
    • Not as powerful when used during operative
    procedure for both length or rotational control
    Contraindications for Skin Traction

    • Patients with loose skin


    • Wounds on the limb
    • Circulation problem- gangrene/ varicose veins
    • Skin infection
    Complications of Skin Traction

    • Allergy

    • Muscular atrophy

    • Paralysis

    • Oedema
    SKELETAL TRACTION

    • More powerful than skin traction


    • May pull up to 20% of body weight for the lower
    extremity
    • Requires local anesthesia for pin insertion if
    patient is awake
    • Preferred method of temporizing long bone,
    pelvic, and acetabular fractures until operative
    treatment can be performed
    MODE OF SKELETAL TRACTIONS

    • FIXED TRACTION Counter traction applied by


    the splint

    • SLIDING TRACTION Wt of body acts counter


    traction
    COMPLICATIONS OF SKELETAL TRACTION

    • Pin/ wire tract infection

    • Effects of prolonged pull on ligaments

    • Pressure sores

    • Difficulty in application of splints


    THANKYOU

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