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Double Stub and LC Matching Circuit

A double-stub tuner can match any load impedance to a transmission line without requiring a variable length of transmission line between the load and tuner. It works by transforming the load impedance to an intermediate point using a first stub, and then transforming the intermediate impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line using a second stub. The length of each stub is determined by plotting the load and intermediate impedances on a Smith chart and measuring the distances between impedance points along constant susceptance circles. A double-stub tuner provides adjustable matching while overcoming the limitation of a single-stub tuner requiring a variable transmission line length.

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Vijay Reddy
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394 views

Double Stub and LC Matching Circuit

A double-stub tuner can match any load impedance to a transmission line without requiring a variable length of transmission line between the load and tuner. It works by transforming the load impedance to an intermediate point using a first stub, and then transforming the intermediate impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line using a second stub. The length of each stub is determined by plotting the load and intermediate impedances on a Smith chart and measuring the distances between impedance points along constant susceptance circles. A double-stub tuner provides adjustable matching while overcoming the limitation of a single-stub tuner requiring a variable transmission line length.

Uploaded by

Vijay Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Double Stub matching

The single-stub tuner of the previous


section is able to match any load
impedance to a transmission line, but
suffers from the disadvantage of requiring
a variable length of line between the load
and the stub. This may not be a problem
for a fixed matching circuit, but would
probably pose some difficulty if an
adjustable tuner was double is used.
Y2 =1+jB2 Y1 =G+jB1

Double-stub tuning. (a) Original circuit with the load an arbitrary


distance from the first stub. (b) Equivalent circuit with the load
transformed to the first stub.
Schematic of double matching

O ’’
Steps: Equivalent circuit with the load
transformed to the first stub.
 Plot normalized value of zl
 Admittance yl is located opposite to zl
 The unit conductance circle is rotated towards the load by ‘d’ where the new
centre of the circle becomes O’’ .
 Moving on the constant conductance circle from yl to a point intersecting on both
sides of the new circle we get jb and jb’
 The intersection point read as y1 = g+jb.
 Measure the transformed suspectance (b1)from Y L to Y1. b= Y1-YL
 Mark suspectance (b1) in the smith cart. Moving from (open or short end of the
stubs ) to jb1 towards load generator we get the length of stub l1.
 Transform admittance y1 to y2 to by moving a distance of ‘d’ toward generator
on a constant VSWR circle (of radius y1) . y2 intersections the original 1+jb
circle at y2= 1-jb2.
 We need to add +jb2 in order to have y 2=1 at the input. The distance between
(open or shunt end of the stubs) to +jb2 is stub length l2 (moving toward
generator).
Exercise 1:
l2
l1 S =1.314

+j3.38

Open end

-j3.38

(By rotating towards load by λ/8)


Moving on the constant conductance circle from yl to a point intersecting
on both sides of the new circle we get jb and jb’

(y1- yL)

(y1’-yl)

I1 = Openend to suspectance ‘b1’ I2 = Openend to +jb2


Lumped element Matching
or L- Section Matching
Inductance and Capacitance Reactance
and Susceptance - Review
Return Loss and VSWR
Γ = (Z - Z )/(Z + Z ) L S L S

VSWR = (1 + Γ)/(1 - Γ)
Γ =(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)
Return VSW Reflection Power Comme
Loss R Loss Reflected nt Return Loss = -20*Log(Γ)
-6.0 dB 3:1 1.2 dB 25.0 % Margina Mismatch Loss = -10*Log(1 - Γ
l
-9.5 dB 2:1 0.5 dB 11.1% Accepta
ble
-15.0 dB 1.4:1 0.15 dB 2.8% Good
-20.0 dB 1.2:1 0.04 dB 0.8% Very 9W d ML
Fw
-0.457 dB
Good 1/10))
-10*log(1-(
Amount of signal lost due to impedance mismatch 1 W

Inc
Why only 50 ohm, why not 35 and 70 ohm?

Ref
VSWR RL
10W 1.92: 1 = 10 dB
Matching 1+ (1/10)
-20*log
1.92-1
Circuit 1- (1/10) 1.92+1
Source
Impedance matching in RF
Amplifier (discrete level)
Smith Chart

Z= R+jX

XL=2(Pi)Freq*
L

XC=1/
(2(Pi)Freq*C)

Smith chart is a graphical tool designed for electrical and electronics


engineers specialized in radio frequency engineering to assist them in
solving the problems of transmission lines and matching circuits.
The ZY Chart
Types of Matching Networks

There are three types of matching networks.


1. L- Matching network.

The addition of third element into two element (L) matching network introduces an
additional degree of freedom in the circuit and allows us to control the value of Q by
choosing an appropriate intermediate impedance.
2. T-Matching Network 3. Π-Matching Network
Series/Shunt and Inductor/Capacitor
Behavior

Z= R+jX

XL=2(Pi)Freq*
L

XC=1/
(2(Pi)Freq*C)
Adding a Series Inductor
Adding a Series Capacitor
Adding a Shunt Inductor
Adding a Shunt Capacitor
Matching to the Reference
Impedance
Drawbacks of L Network matching
• Narrow band
•Difficult to implement Lumped element at Microwave frequency
Analysis of L- Network (ZL inside 1+jx Circle)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
L- section Matching (ZL outside 1+jx Circle)

(a) (b)

(c)
Solution for ZL outside 1+jX circle
Draw the two circles.
Mark normalized load impedance. Zn
Move on same resistance circle that will touch the
rotated circle. Mark as Z1. Subtract the two values
( z1-zn) to determine x1.
Find the corresponding reactance and lumped
element value.
Draw a line passing through the center of the
chart from Z1 touching the 1+jX circle. Marks as
y1. If y1 has positive susceptance find negative
of it and determine lumped element value.

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