Solution of Reactive Power Optimization Under Deregulation Using Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

SOLUTION OF REACTIVE POWER
OPTIMIZATION UNDER
DEREGULATION USING HYBRID
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ALGORITHMS
Research Scholar Research Supervisor

R.SURESH Dr. C.KUMAR
Lecturer/EEE DIRECTOR-Academic
S.K.P. Engineering College S.K.P. Engineering College
Tiruvannamalai. Tiruvannamalai.
Doctorate Committee
Members
Dr.R.Arumugam B.E., M.Sc., (Engg), Ph.D.,
Prof/HOD - EEE
SSN Engineering College,
Kalavakkam, Chennai.
&
Dr.S.RamaReddy
Professor/Dean - EEE
Jerusalem College of Engineering.
Pallikaranai, Chennai.
INTRODUCTION
• Optimization:-
Maximum or Minimum of an objective Function
Subject to constraints
Maximum:-
Profits
Minimum:-
Loss,Size,Expenditure etc.
• NEED FOR OPTIMIZATION

It is the responsibity of any designer or developer to fulfill the economic viability of
their product.
• REAL or ACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION

Generator real power output-Control Variables
Cost Minimization-Objective Function
INTRODUCTION
•REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION
Cost Minimization and Loss Minimization-Objective Function
Generator bus voltages,Shunt capacitance / reactors.transformer tap positions-Control Variables
•DEREGULATION
The main objective of the Proposed model is to minimize the total amount of dollars paid by the ISO to the
generators for providing the required reactive power support.
OPF PROBLEM
Traditional Non-Traditional
Lambda iteration method Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Gradient method Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Newton’s method Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
Linear programming Tabu Search
Interior Point (IP )method Evolutionarv Programming (EP)
Lagrangian relaxation algorithm Evolutionary strategy (ES)
ABSTRACT
 Reactive power plays an important role in supporting the real power transfer by maintaining
voltage stability and system reliability.
 It is a critical element for a transmission operator to ensure the reliability of an electric

system while minimizing the cost associated with it.
 The traditional objectives of reactive power dispatch are focused on the technical side of
reactive support such as minimization of transmission losses.
 Reactive power cost compensation to a generator is based on the incurred cost of its reactive
power contribution less the cost of its obligation to support the active power delivery.
 The electric power Industry is in transition to a deregulated market place for power
transactions In this environment all power transaction are made based on price rather than cost.
 A regional pool is noted as the most straight forward path to a deregulated electricity market
place, Participants are interested in maximizing their own profits regardless of the system-wide
profits.
ABSTRACT
 Voltage regulation services is necessary to enable securing transactions of active power
 Proper voltage profile
 Voltage stability requirement
 Real power loss minimization
 Minimum cost allocation can be achieved.
 To minimize the cost of total reactive support from generators and reactive compensators using hybrid
artificial intelligence algorithms.
 To find the payment to generators and reactive compensators.
 It is achieved by maintaining the whole system power loss as minimum thereby minimum cost
allocation can be achieved.
 The purpose of reactive power dispatch is to determine the proper amount and location of reactive
support.
 Reactive Optimal Power Flow (ROPF) formulation is developed as an analysis tool and the validity of
proposed hybrid algorithms are going to examine test systems having IEEE–14 bus, IEEE–30 bus,
IEEE–118 bus and utility system in India.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
 Reactive cost of generators
 
C (Q )  C (S )  C  S2  Q 2  k gi
gqi gi  gpi gi max gpi  gi max gi 
Where
 Qgi - is the reactive power output of generator gi
 Sgi max -is the maximum apparent power of generator gi
 Cgpi -is the active power cost which is modeled as a quadratic function
C (P )  ap 2  bp  c
gpi gi gi gi
Where
 Pgi is the active power output of gi
 a, b, and c are cost coefficients;
 kgi is an assumed profit rate for active power generation at bus i
COST OF REACTIVE COMPENSATORS
 Ccj (Qcj) = rjQcj (2)
 Where
rj = reactive cost
Qcj = reactive power purchased
rj = investment cost / operating hours
rj = ($ 6200) / (3036524(2/3) = $ 0.0354/ M VAr h
Reactive optimization model

Objective
 Min CQ = iNG C gqi (Q gi )  iNC C ci (Q ci ) (3)

 Where
 CQ is the total reactive support cost from generators and reactive compensators;
 NG is the set of all generator buses
 NC is the set of all reactive compensator buses
CONSTRAINTS IN OPF
 Pgi= Vi Σ Vj Yij cos(θ ij  δ j - δ i ) (4)
jN
Vi Σ Vj Yij cos(θ ij  δ j - δ i )
 -PLi= jN (5)
Vi jΣ Vj Yij sin(θ ij  δ j - δ i )
 Qgi = N
(6)
Vi Σ Vj Yij sin(θ ij  δ j - δ i )
 Qci - QLi = jN
(7)
 Vi,min < Vi< Vi,max (8)
 Qgi, min < Qgi < Qgi,max (9)
 Qci, min < Qci < Qci,max (10)
 where
 N is the total number of buses in the system;
 PLi and QLi are the specified active and reactive demand at load bus I;
 Yij  ij is the element of the admittance matrix;
 and are the lower and upper limits of bus voltage;
 Qgi,min and Qgi, max are the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of the generator;
 Qci,min and Qci,maxare the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of the
compensators.
ACTION PLAN:-
2011 – Course Work

2012 – 2013 – Collection of Materials and Presenting & Publishing Papers
in National & International Conferences & Journals.
2014 – Thesis Submission
REFERENCES
1) Caramanis MC,BohnRE, Schweppe FC. Spot pricing of electricity: practice and theory. IEEE Trans
Power Apparatus Syst 1982;101(9):3234–45.
2) Baughman ML, Siddiqi SN. Real time pricing of reactive power: theory and case study results. IEEE
Trans Power Syst 1991;6(1):23–9.
3) Li YZ, David AK. Pricing reactive power conveyance. IEE Proc-Gener Transm Distrib
1993;140(3):174–80.
4) Li YZ, David AK. Wheeling rates of reactive power flow under marginal cost pricing. IEEE Trans
Power Syst 1994;9(3):1263–9.
5) Ei-keib AA, Ma X. Calculating short-run marginal costs of active and reactive power production.
IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(2):559–65.
6) Baughman ML, Siqqiqi SN, Zanikau JW. Advanced pricing in electrical systems. Part II. Implications.
IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(1): 496–502.
7) Lamont JW, Fu J. Cost analysis of reactive power support. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1999;14(3):890–6.
8) Dai Y, Ni YX, Wen FS, Han ZX. Analysis of reactive power pricing under deregulation. IEEE power
engineering society summer meeting; July 2000. p. 2162–7.
9) Bhattacharya K, Zhong J. Reactive power as an ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst
2001;16(2):294–300.
10) Zhong J, Bhattacharya K. Toward a competitive market for reactive power. IEEE Trans
Power Syst 2002;17(4):1206–15.
11) Hao S, Papalexopoulos A. Reactive pricing and management. IEEE Trans Power Syst
1997;12(1):95–104.
12) Hao S. A reactive power management proposal for transmission operators. IEEE Trans
Power Syst 2003;18(4):1374–80.
13) Silva EL, Hedgecock JJ, Mello JCO, Luz JCF. Practical cost-based approach for the
voltage ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2001; 16(4):806–12.
14) Gill PE, Murray W, Wright MH. Numerical linear algebra and optimization. Old Tappan:
Addison-Wesley; 1991.
15) Singh C, Musavi MT. A generalized energy function for transient stability analysis of
power systems. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 1984; 32(7):637–45.
16) Lin X.J.David A.K,”A novel market-based reactive power management
scheme”,Electrical power and Energy systems.28,pp127-132,(2006).
COURSES STUDIED IN M.E.,
SUBJECTS
SEMESTER I
* PSEC101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS
* PSEC102 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF POWER SYSTEM
* PSEC103 STATE ESTIMATION AND SECURITY
CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
ELECTIVES
* PSEE104 EHV AC&DC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
* PSEE105 EXPERT SYSTEMS AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS TO POWER SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
* PSEE106 FUZZY LOGIC AND NEURAL NETWORKS
M.E., SUBJECTS Contd…
SEMESTER –II
* PSEC201 POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS
* PSEC202 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS
* PSEC203 STATIC RELAYING AND PROTECTION IN
POWER SYSTEM
ELECTIVES
* PSEE204 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION IN
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
* PSEE205 INSULATION TECHNOLOGY AND HIGH
VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
* PSEE206 SOLID STATE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC DRIVES
M.E., SUBJECTS Contd…
SEMESTER – III
ELECTIVES
* PSEE301 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY
STUDIES
* PSEE302 POWER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION
PLAN OF WORK FOR 2011
COURSE WORK IN THE CURRENT SEMESTER

236207 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
 236208 RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS
* LITERATURE SURVEY
COURSE WORK IN THE NEXT SEMESTER
• 235082 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

•
236102 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
*INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
THANK
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SOLUTION OF REACTIVE POWER

Research Scholar Research Supervisor

• NEED FOR OPTIMIZATION

• REAL or ACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION

 It is a critical element for a transmission operator to ensure the reliability of an electric

Reactive optimization model

 Min CQ = iNG C gqi (Q gi )  iNC C ci (Q ci ) (3)

2011 – Course Work

COURSE WORK IN THE NEXT SEMESTER

• 235082 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

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