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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Project

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The proposed system consists of the following goals and has the scope as follows:

a) Goals:

• To ease the process of blood donation and reception.

• To improve the existing system.
• To improve the existing system.
• To develop a scalable system.
• To be highly available.

b) Scope:

• Ensure that all the functionalities of a manual blood bank are covered.
• To include all the blood banks at least within a city.
• Make sure the program is simple and easy to use.

1.2 Introduction to DBMS

A database management system (DBMS) refers to the technology for creating and managing
databases. DBMS is a software tool to organize (create, retrieve, update and manage) data in a
database.

Databases (or DBs) have played a very important part in the recent evolution of computers. The first
computer programs were developed in the early 1950s, and focused almost completely on coding
languages and algorithms. At the time, computers were basically giant calculators and data (names,
phone numbers) was considered the leftovers of processing information. Computers were just starting
to become commercially available, and when business people started using them for real-world
purposes, this leftover data suddenly became important. IBM had invested heavily in the IMS model,
and wasn’t terribly interested in Codd’s ideas.

Fortunately, some people who didn’t work for IBM “were” interested. In 1973, Michael Stonebreaker
and Eugene Wong (both then at UC Berkeley) made the decision to research relational database
systems. The project was called INGRES (Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System), and
successfully demonstrated a relational model could be efficient and practical. INGRES worked with a
query language known as QUEL, in turn, pressuring IBM to develop SQL in 1974, which was more
advanced (SQL became ANSI and OSI standards in 1986 1nd 1987). SQL quickly replaced QUEL as
the more functional query language.

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A Document Store (often called a document-oriented database), manages, stores, and retrieves semi-
structured data (also known as document-oriented information). Documents can be described as
independent units that improve performance and make it easier to spread data across a number of
servers. Document Stores typically come with a powerful query engine and indexing controls that
make queries fast and easy. Examples of Document Stores are: Mongo DB, and Amazon Dynamo
DB.

Document-oriented databases store all information for a given “object” within the database, and each
object in storage can be quite different from the others. This makes it easier for mapping objects to the
database and makes document storage for web programming applications very attractive. (An
“object” is a set of relationships. An article object could be related to a tag [an object], a category
[another object], or a comment [another object].)

Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is
usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of
computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all
of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular
data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities
of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.

Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to
both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it.

Outside the world of professional information technology, the term database is often used to refer to
any collection of related data (such as a spreadsheet or a card index) as however size and usage
requirements typically necessitate use of a database management system.
1.3 Introduction TO SQL

Structure Query Language (SQL) is a database query language used for storing and managing data in
Relational DBMS. SQL was the first commercial language introduced for E.F Codd's Relational
model of database. Today almost all RDBMS (MySQL, Oracle, Informix, Sybase, MS Access) use
SQL as the standard database query language. SQL is used to perform all types of data operations in
RDBMS.
SQL Command:

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SQL defines following ways to manipulate data stored in an RDBMS.

1.3.1 DDL: Data Definition Language

This includes changes to the structure of the table like creation of table, altering table, deleting a table
etc.
All DDL commands are auto-committed. That means it saves all the changes permanently in the
database.

Table1.1:Data Definition Language

Command Description

Create to create new table or database

Alter for alteration

Truncate delete data from table

Drop to drop a table

Rename to rename a table

1.3.1 DML: Data Manipulation Language

DML commands are used for manipulating the data stored in the table and not the table itself. DML
commands are not auto-committed. It means changes are not permanent to database, they can be
rolled back.
Table:1.2 DDL: Data Manipulation Language

Command Description

Insert to insert a new row

Update to update existing row

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1.3.2 Transaction Control Language

These are to keep a check on other commands and their affect on the database. These commands can
annul changes made by other commands by rolling the data back to its original state. It can also make
any temporary change permanent.

Table:1.3: TCL: Transaction Control Language

Command Description

Commit to permanently save

Rollback to undo change

Save point to save temporarily

1.3.3 Data Control Language

Data control language are the commands to grant and take back authority from any database user.

Table:1.4: Data Control Language

Command Description

Grant

grant permission of right

Revoke take back permission.

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1.3.4 DQL: Data Query Language

Data query language is used to fetch data from tables based on conditions that we can easily apply.

Table:1.4: Data Query Language

Command Description

Select Retrieve records from one or more

table.

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Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
2.1 About PHP

PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was
originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code
is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor
module, which generates the web page document.

As a general-purpose programming language, PHP code is processed by an interpreter application in

command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program output
on its standard output channel. It may also function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a
processor for most modern web servers and as standalone interpreter on most operating systems and
computing platforms.

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development ever
since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by the PHP Group and serves as the de facto
standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free software released under the PHP
License.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development
where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP
runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line scripting
and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems
and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available
free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize
and extend for their own use.

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on serverside scripting,
and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web
server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems’ Java Server Pages, and
mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that provide building blocks
and a design structure to promote rapid application development

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(RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, Code Igniter and Zend Framework, offering
features similar to other web application frameworks.
2.2 PHP Syntax:

HTML and PHP code is written on the same page, and to distinguish PHP code from HTML, the PHP
code is enclosed within <? php?> Tags.
For example:

<html>
<head><title>php basics</title></head>
<body>
<h2>HELLO</h1><?php echo "hello";
?>
</body>
</html>
In the above example PHP code is embedded within HTML. In this way PHP and HTML coding is
combined on the same page.

Since PHP is a server-side scripting language, the PHP coding cannot be seen by the end user through
view source option, due to this feature PHP is very secure.

PHP is a parsed language; therefore, PHP environment is necessary at the server for running PHP
Scripts.

2.3 Working Of PHP:

When a client requests web page containing PHP code from the server, then the requested PHP pages

are parsed under PHP environment and interaction with database is made if required.

After server-side processing, the resulting HTML pages are passed to client and displayed on the
browser.
In this way the working of php is complete.

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2.4 Connecting PHP Application to MySQL Database

Make a connection variable to the database: $con= mysql_connect

("localhost","servername","password"); Here $con is a connection variable to database. Select
database over that connection variable

$db=mysqlselect_db("databasename",$con); Prepare a sql query to execute: $qry= Select * from abc;

Run the sql query: $result=mysql_query($qry); Iterate over the result: while($row =
mysql_fetch_array($result))
{

//some logic

2.5 Introduction to APACHE SERVER:

In this project apache server is used to parse and execute PHP pages, before deploying websites on the
server, the website should be tested at the developer side to get a feel of how the website will work on
actual server. Therefore apache server is like a local server on the developer side, apache server
should be informed about the environment on which it should work. In our project apache server is
configured to work with PHP, in this way all the PHP pages are parsed and executed by the server.
When apache is installed on the system, then its services is controlled by apache service monitor. The
following are the database entities used in this system;

Houses: House information, Rental or sale/Buy agreement administration, credit control, cash flow
control, compatibility with accounting principles and practices and existing systems, accurate
bookkeeping, owner reporting and identifying of key performance indicators.

Tenant: general tenant information (name and contact details), finding space for a tenant, accurate
rent billing and collection, handling of payments, accounting and general ledger (GL) functions.

Landlord, Client or Body Corporate: general details (name and contact details), shareholding if
applicable.
Basic administration (supervisory level)

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Repair and maintenance schedules are required by the House manager, as well as a diary to “flag”
important dates for tenant’s works, rent review and lease renewal dates. A good software program
should also provide for a forward planning facility.
General management (functional level)

Aptly summarizes the requirements at this level as follows: “In terms of accounting procedures, the
main property management related tasks will comprise

• Rent invoicing and income connection

• Recovery of expenditure
• Disbursements/outgoings
• Service charge costing and apportionment
• Client and tenant accounts
• Report production.
Any rent invoicing system should record amounts owing from tenants quickly and accurately and bill
them accordingly. Receipts will need to be processed quickly and credit control systems maintained.
Rent demands and accounts should be easily accessible as should rent apportioned over periods not
concurrent with a normal rent review period. Interest on unpaid rent should be calculable and a stop
on rent collection made if necessary. Full analysis of rents, classified by tenant, property or client
should also be possible. Service charge accounting is often provided as a separate module. This will
need to cater for multi tenanted buildings where perhaps some tenants do not contribute to some
services. Separate schedules may well need to be set up in such cases. In addition, a full analysis of
property expenditure, service suppliers, tenant expenditure, service charges, wages and salaries, and
VAT on expenditure should be possible”.
Strategic management

Lastly, a software programmer should provide the information necessary to make strategic decisions.
Such decisions include the performance and valuation of individual properties and property portfolios,
as well as development appraisals. Features that are required comprise, among other things, tenancy
and tenure details, the calculation of yields and profitability, discounted cash flows, cost, financing,
tax implications and the valuation of both freeholds and leaseholds. All these should be supported by
good menu-driven features and help facilities.

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Chapter3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware Requirement:
> Speed - 1.1Ghz
> RAM - 1GB

> Hard Disk - 2.0 GB

> Key Board - Standard Keyboard

> Mouse - PS/2 Mouse
> Monitor - Plug and play monitor

3.2 Software Requirement:

> Operating System - Windows 7

> Technology - PHP
> IDE
> Web Server - Notepad++ -Wamp2.2e, Apache
> Database -My SQL

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Chapter4

SYSTEM-DESIGN

A Blood Bank stores blood of various blood groups. Many donors donate blood, each of different
blood group/type. A donor may donate blood more than once and he is identified by a donor
id(DID),name, sex, age, address and phone number. The blood donated by the donor is characterized
by blood type, code and cost. Before each donor donates his blood, he is required to register himself
as a donor with the receptionist who works at the Blood Bank. The receptionist is identified by
employee id, name, address and phone number. The Blood Banks receives orders for blood from
many hospitals for emergency purposes and other surgical requirements and each blood bank issues
the same of required blood type. Each blood bank has it is own blood bank number(BNO), issues,
orders and blood types stored. The Blood Bank is managed by the blood bank manager who is
identified by employee id, name, email-id and phone number. he is responsible for the proper
management of the blood bank.

Figure 4.1: ER Diagram

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Chapter 5

IMPLEMENTATION
The BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is great project. this project is designed for

successful completion of a project on blood bank management system.

The basic building aim is to provide blood donation service to the city recently. Blood Bank
Management System (BBMS) is a Web-based application that is designed to store, process, retrieve
and analyse information concerned with the administrative and inventory management within a blood
bank.

This project aims at maintaining all the information pertaining to blood donors, different blood groups
available in each blood bank and help them manage in a better way.

Project Aim is to provide transparency in this field, make the process of obtaining blood from a blood
bank hassle-free and corruption-free and make the system of blood bank management effective.

Blood Bank donation system can collect blood from many donators in short from various sources and
distribute that blood to needy people who require blood.

How to run Project

1. Download and unzip the file on your local system copy Blood bank and donation management
system.

2. Put folder Pharmacy management system inside root directory Database Configuration

Open phpMyAdmin Create Database bbdms

Import database bbdms.ql (available inside zip package) .

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Chapter 6
RESULT
6.1 Home Page

This is a home page or main page of blood bank and donation management system. This page defines
all about related to project.
BloodBank & Donor Management System

The blood you donate gives someone

another chance at life.

‘GIVE THE GIFT OF LIFE

DONATE BLOOD
Welcome to BloodBank & Donor Management System
The need for blood Who you could Help
TO SAVE UFE Some of the impoitsnt blood tips ai To help the people who need blood
EAT Rating icgularly before donatm

Figure 6.1 a: Home Page

BloodBank & Donor Management System Become a Donar Search Blood Contact t

recommend that u have a full night sleep of 7

to 9 hours the n ght before ur donation

BLOOD GROUPS
blood group of any human being will mainly fall in any one of the
following groups

• A positive or A negative
• B positive ur B negative ■ 0 positive or Oneqat ve
• AB positive or AB negative

A healthy diet helps ensure a successful blood donation, and also

makes you fee' betted Check out the following recommended
foods to eat prior to your donation

UNIVERSAL DONORS AND RECIPIENTS

Become a Donar
The most common blood type is 0, followed by type A. Type 0 individuals are often
called universal donors’ s nee their blood can be transfused into persons with any
blood type. Those with type AB blood are ca led 'universal recipients" because they can
receive Wood of any type.

Figure 6.1 b: Home Page

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6.2 Some Donor List

This page contains information about the donors. And this displays page displays some donor list.

Figure6.2: Some Donor List

6.3 Become A Donor

This page can be used to register a new donor and contains all details of the donor.

Figure6.3: Become A Donor

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6.4 Search Donor

Search button is used for searching the different blood groups.

Blood groups such as:

• A+
• B+
• AB+
• O+
• O-
• A-
• B-
• AB-

Figure 6.4: Search Donor

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6.5 Contact us

In contact page anyone who wants to need a blood or gathering information about this system then
he/she can contact with us.

Figure6.5: Contact us

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CONCLUSION

This report presents the Blood Bank and Donation Management System.This management system
is related to blood bank related issues such as,

• Problem to calculate amount of blood in stock.

• The organization of blood donation and transfusion differs throughout Europe and the world.
• Regardless of Organization, what is important is Cooperation, Communication, Care, and Safety
of donors and patients.

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REFERENCES

[1] . Fundamentals of Database Systems, Ramez Elmasri

and Shamkant B. Navathe, 7th Edition, 2017, Pearson.

[2] . Coronel, Morris, and Rob,Database Principles

Fundamentals of Design, Implementation And

Management, Cenpage Learning 2012.

[3] . Database systems Models, Languages, Design and

Application Programming, Ramez

Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, 6th Edition, Pearson.

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