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    Components of An Earthing System

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    Mirza Abdullah Sarwar
    An earthing system consists of three main components: 1) an earth electrode such as copper or steel rods driven into the ground or copper plates, which provides a direct connection to the earth; 2) an earthing conductor that connects the earth electrode to the main earthing terminal; and 3) a circuit protective conductor that connects exposed equipment parts to the main earthing terminal for protection. The size of each component is based on factors like earth resistance, voltage drop, thermal rating, and short circuit current.

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    Components of An Earthing System

    Uploaded by

    Mirza Abdullah Sarwar
    1K views8 pages
    An earthing system consists of three main components: 1) an earth electrode such as copper or steel rods driven into the ground or copper plates, which provides a direct connection to the earth; 2) an earthing conductor that connects the earth electrode to the main earthing terminal; and 3) a circuit protective conductor that connects exposed equipment parts to the main earthing terminal for protection. The size of each component is based on factors like earth resistance, voltage drop, thermal rating, and short circuit current.

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    Power Distribution

    Original Title

    _COMPONENTS OF AN EARTHING SYSTEM

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    An earthing system consists of three main components: 1) an earth electrode such as copper or steel rods driven into the ground or copper plates, which provides a direct connection to the earth; 2) an earthing conductor that connects the earth electrode to the main earthing terminal; and 3) a circuit protective conductor that connects exposed equipment parts to the main earthing terminal for protection. The size of each component is based on factors like earth resistance, voltage drop, thermal rating, and short circuit current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views8 pages

    Components of An Earthing System

    Uploaded by

    Mirza Abdullah Sarwar
    An earthing system consists of three main components: 1) an earth electrode such as copper or steel rods driven into the ground or copper plates, which provides a direct connection to the earth; 2) an earthing conductor that connects the earth electrode to the main earthing terminal; and 3) a circuit protective conductor that connects exposed equipment parts to the main earthing terminal for protection. The size of each component is based on factors like earth resistance, voltage drop, thermal rating, and short circuit current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    COMPONENTS OF AN EARTHING

    SYSTEM
    COMPONENTS OF AN EARTHING SYSTEM

    An earthing system in an electrical installation consists of three main parts:

    1. The Earth Electrode.

    2. The Earthing Conductor.

    3. The Circuit Protective Conductor

    (CPC).
    1. The Earth Electrode

    A conductor (or group of conductors) in intimate contact with and


    providing direct electrical connection with the general mass of Earth.

    Maximum resistance between the rod and the ground for an electrical
    installation should not exceed 1 ohm. The most commonly used forms
    of earth electrodes includes:

    a) Solid Copper or Steel Plated Copper Rods

    b) Earth plates

    c) Earth strips
    a. Solid Copper or Steel Plated Copper Rods

    Copper rods sizes from 13 mm to 20 mm in diameter. The rods are


    driven directly into the ground. Additional sections are added if the
    required earth resistance cannot be obtained. However, a number
    of earth rods driven in at different locations and then connected in
    parallel are preferred to a single deeply driven rod.

    Rod electrodes connected in


    Earth Electrode parallel
    b. Earth plates
    They are usually 600 mm x 600 mm square copper plates of at least
    2.7 mm thickness. They are used in places where:

    I. The current carrying capacity is the prime

    consideration, or

    II. The soil resistivity is high, or

    III. The ground is hard and rocky so that it is impossible to

    drive in the earth rods.


    c. Earth Strips

    Consists of copper strips of not less than 25 mm by 1.5 mm cross


    sectional area. Each strip can be used instead of earth plates in
    rocky areas or where the soil resistivity is high.
    2. The earthing conductor

    The conductor that connects the main earthing terminal to the earth
    electrodes. The size of the earthing conductor is determined by
    considering:

     The voltage drop: the voltage across any two points where a
    person can come into contact simultaneously should not exceed
    40V.

     The thermal rating: the maximum temperature which will not


    damage the cable connections or equipment and which is a result
    of the short – circuit current flowing in the circuit.
    3. The Circuit Protective Conductor (CPC).
    The conductor that connects the exposed conductive parts of any equipment to
    the main earthing terminal.

    The size of the circuit protective conductor can be selected as follows:

    a) In accordance to the size of the associated phase conductor; a table is


    provided in both the IEE Wiring Regulations.

    b) Calculation using the formula: I2t


    S 
    k
    Where:
    S = Cross – sectional area of CPC in sq. mm.
    I = The rms value of the short – circuited current in amperes that can flow through the
    associated protective device.
    t = The operating time of the disconnecting device in seconds, corresponding to the value I.
    k = The factor dependent on the material of the protective conductor, type of installation and
    the temperature.

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