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DOS and BIOS Interrupts

The document discusses various BIOS and DOS interrupts used to perform functions like displaying data, reading keyboard input, and more. BIOS interrupt 10H is used for video functions like setting video modes and screen positions. DOS interrupt 21H provides functions for character I/O, string output, input, and terminating a process. Registers like AH, AL, BX, CX, DX are used to specify interrupt options and pass parameters.

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Han Hang Yong
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32 views17 pages

DOS and BIOS Interrupts

The document discusses various BIOS and DOS interrupts used to perform functions like displaying data, reading keyboard input, and more. BIOS interrupt 10H is used for video functions like setting video modes and screen positions. DOS interrupt 21H provides functions for character I/O, string output, input, and terminating a process. Registers like AH, AL, BX, CX, DX are used to specify interrupt options and pass parameters.

Uploaded by

Han Hang Yong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DOS and BIOS Interrupts

 DOS and BIOS interrupts are used to


perform some very useful functions, such
as displaying data to the monitor, reading
data from keyboard, etc.
 They are used by identifying the interrupt
option type, which is the value stored in
register AH and providing, whatever extra
information that the specific option
requires.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 0H – Sets video mode.
 Registers used:
 AH = 0H
 AL = Video Mode.
 3H - CGA Color text of 80X25
 7H - Monochrome text of 80X25
 Ex:
 MOV AH,0
 MOV AL,7
 INT 10H
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 2H – Sets the cursor to a specific
location.
 Registers used:
 AH = 2H
 BH = 0H selects Page 0.
 DH = Row position.
 DL = Column position.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Ex:
 MOV AH,2
 MOV BH,0
 MOV DH,12
 MOV DL,39
 INT 10H
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 6H – Scroll window up. This
interrupt is also used to clear the screen
when you set AL = 0.
 Registers used:
 AH = 6H
 AL = number of lines to scroll.
 BH = display attribute.
 CH = y coordinate of top left.
 CL = x coordinate of top left.
 DH = y coordinate of lower right.
 DL = x coordinate of lower right.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Clear Screen Example:
 MOV AH,6
 MOV AL,0
 MOV BH,7
 MOV CH,0
 MOV CL,0
 MOV DH,24
 MOV DL,79
 INT 10H

 The code above may be shortened by


using AX, BX and DX registers to move
word size data instead of byte size data.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 7H – Scroll window down. This
interrupt is also used to clear the screen
when you set AL = 0.
 Registers used:
 AH = 7H
 AL = number of lines to scroll.
 BH = display attribute.
 CH = y coordinate of top left.
 CL = x coordinate of top left.
 DH = y coordinate of lower right.
 DL = x coordinate of lower right.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 8H – Read a character and its
attribute at the cursor position.
 Registers used:
 AH = 8H and returned attribute value.
 AL = Returned ASCII value.
 BH = display page.
BIOS Interrupt 10H
 Option 9H – Write a character and its
attribute at the cursor position.
 Registers used:
 AH = 9H.
 AL = ASCII value.
 BH = display page.
 BL = attribute.
 CX = number of characters to write.
Attribute Definition
Blinking Background Intensity Foreground
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

 Monochrome display attributes


 Blinking
 D7 = 0 - Non-blinking
 D7 = 1 - Blinking
 Intensity
 D3=0 - Normal intensity
 D3=1 - Highlighted intensity
 Background and foreground
 D6 D5 D4 and D2 D1 D0
 White = 0 0 0
 Black = 1 1 1
Attribute Definition
B ackground Fore ground
B linking R G B Inte ns ity R G B
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

I R G B Color
 Color display attributes 0 0 0 0 B lack
 Blinking 0 0 0 1 B lue
0 0 1 0 Gre e n
 D7 = 0 - Non-blinking
0 0 1 1 Cyan
 D7 = 1 - Blinking 0 1 0 0 Re d
 Intensity 0 1 0 1 M age nta
0 1 1 0 B rown
 D3=0 - Normal intensity
0 1 1 1 White
 D3=1 - Highlighted 1 0 0 0 Gray
intensity 1 0 0 1 Light blue
 Background and 1 0 1 0 Light gre e n
foreground 1 0 1 1 Light cyan
1 1 0 0 Light re d
 D6 D5 D4 and D2 D1 D0
1 1 0 1 Light mage nta
 RGB values defined by
1 1 1 0 Ye llow
the table to the right.
1 1 1 1 High inte nsity white
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Option 1 – Inputs a single character from
keyboard and echoes it to the monitor.
 Registers used:
 AH =1
 AL = the character inputted from keyboard.

 Ex:
 MOV AH,1
 INT 21H
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Option 2 – Outputs a single character to
the monitor.
 Registers used:
 AH =2
 DL = the character to be displayed.

 Ex:
 MOV AH,2
 MOV DL,’A’
 INT 21H
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Option 9 – Outputs a string of data,
terminated by a $ to the monitor.
 Registers used:
 AH =9
 DX = the offset address of the data to be
displayed.
 Ex:
 MOV AH,09
 MOV DX,OFFSET MESS1
 INT 21H
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Option 0AH – Inputs a string of data from
the keyboard.
 Registers used:
 AH =9
 DX = the offset address of the location where
string will be stored.
 DOS requires that a buffer be defined in the
data segment. It should be defined as
follows:
 1st byte contains the size of the buffer.
 2nd byte is used by DOS to store the
number of bytes stored.
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Ex:
 .DATA
 BUFFER1 DB 15,?,15 DUP (FF)
.
.
 MOV AH,0AH
 MOV DX,OFFSET BUFFER1
 INT 21H

 Assume “Go Tigers!” was entered on the


keyboard.
 BUFFER1 = 10,10,’Go Tigers!’,CR,255,255,255,255
DOS Interrupt 21H
 Option 4CH – Terminates a process, by
returning control to a parent process or to
DOS.
 Registers used:
 AH = 4CH
 AL = binary return code.

 Ex:
 MOV AH,4CH
 INT 21H

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