Amoebiasis Disease

Amoebiasis
Made by :-
Name: Shruti Sandeep Ghordade
Class : 9 E Roll No.: 10
Date : 12/12/20
INDEX
1. What exactly is amoebiasis ?
2. History
3. Spread
4. Symptoms
5. Protection and prevention measures
6. Recommendations : Do’s and Don'ts
What Exactly is Amoebiasis ?
1. Amoeba infections or, amoebiasis, is a parasitic infection that can occur in dogs, cats, and human
beings.
2. An intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
3. Namely, amoeba enters the body and this isn’t a great sign once it starts to reproduce.
4. There are two kinds of amoebic infections: entamoeba histolytica andacanthamoeba.
Common (More than 10 lakh cases per year in India)
Transmitted through contaminated food or water
No vaccine available
Requires lab test or imaging
Treatment from medical professional advised
Can last several weeks or months

HISTORY
 Amoebiasis was first described by Fedor A. Lösch in 1875, in northern Russia.[3]
 The most dramatic incident in the US was the Chicago World's Fair outbreak in
1933, caused by contaminated drinking water. There were more than a thousand
cases, with 98 deaths.
 It has been known since 1897 that at least one non-disease-causing species of
Entamoeba existed (Entamoeba coli), but it was first formally recognized by the
WHO in 1997 that E. histolytica was two species, despite this having first been
proposed in 1925.
 In addition to the now-recognized E. dispar, evidence shows there are at least two
other species of Entamoeba that look the same in humans: E. moshkovskii and
Entamoeba
 Joel Connolly of the Chicago Bureau of Sanitary Engineering brought the outbreak
to an end when he found that defective plumbing permitted sewage to contaminate
drinking water. In 1998 there was an outbreak of amoebiasis in the Republic of
Georgia.[29] Between 26 May and 3 September 1998, 177 cases were reported,
including 71 cases of intestinal amoebiasis and 106 probable cases of liver abscess.
SPREAD
 Infectionoccurs by eating food or drinking water contaminated
with faeces, containing the parasite, Entamoeba histolytica.
 Another source of the infection is food (usually raw vegetables
and fruit) that has been handled by an infected person.
 People with amoebiasis pass Entamoeba histolytica parasites in
their faeces. The infection spreads when infected people do not
dispose of their faeces in a sanitary manner or do not wash their
hands properly after going to the toilet.
 Contaminated hands can then spread the parasites to food that
may be eaten by other people and surfaces that may be touched
by other people. Hands can also become contaminated when
changing the nappies of an infected infant.
SYMPTOMS
Most commonly noted symptoms are:
 Abdominal cramps
 Bloody diarrhoea or diarrhoea with mucus
 Nausea and vomiting
 Loss of weight
 Intermittent fever
 Rectal bleeding without diarrhoea can occur in children
 Chronic diarrhoea
 When symptoms occur, they tend to appear 1 to 4 weeks after ingestion of the cysts. According
to the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTrusted Source (CDC), only about 10 to 20
percent of people who have amebiasis become ill from it. Symptoms at this stage tend to be
mild and include loose stools and stomach cramping.
 The liver is a frequent destination for the parasite. Symptoms of amebic liver disease include
fever and tenderness in the upper-right part of your abdomen.
PROTECTION AND PREVENTION MEASURES
To help prevent the spread of amoebiasis around the home :

 Wash hands thoroughly with soap and hot running water for at least 10
seconds after using the toilet or changing a baby's diaper, and before
handling food.
 Clean bathrooms and toilets often; pay particular attention to toilet seats
and taps.
 Avoid sharing towels or face washers.
To help prevent infection:

 Avoid raw vegetables when in endemic areas, as they may have been
fertilized using human feces.
 Boil water or treat with iodine tablets.

 Improved water supply–The cysts are not killed by chlorine in amount used for water
disinfection. Water filtration and boiling are more effective than chemical treatment of
water against amoebiasis.
 Sanitation–Safe disposal of human excreta coupled with the sanitary practice of
washing hands after defecation and always before handling and consuming food.
 Food safety–Uncooked fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly with safe
water, peel fruits, and boil vegetables prior to eating. Measures should also include the
protection of food and drink from flies and cockroaches and the control of these insects.
Carriers, who pass cysts and are involved in handling food, whether at home, at street
stalls, or incatering establishments, should be actively detected and treated since they
are major transmitters of amoebiasis.
 Health education of the public as well as health personnel at all levels about
sanitation and food hygiene-Elementary hygienic practices should be propagated and
constantly reinforced in schools, health care units, and the home through periodic
campaigns using the mass media.
 General social and economic development-The implementation of individual and
community preventive measures (e.g., washing of hands, proper excreta disposal)
should be an essential part of these activities
DO’S AND DON’TS
• Consume alcohol or other sugary

DO’S
DON’TS
• You can opt for natural remedies for drinks. Similarly, refrain frm drinking
treating amoebiasis. It is important areated drinks.
to drink adequate amount of water to
prevent dehydration. • Indulge in drinking coffee or tea –
basically any caffeine-containing
• Drink ORS – Oral Rehydration Solution drink.
to replenish lost electrolyte.
• Take drugs such as aspirin or NSAIDs.
• Rosemary oil, yogurt, and coconut These will cause furthur
water can be consumed for attaining inflammation.
relief from the symptoms.

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Amoebiasis Disease

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Amoebiasis

Transmitted through contaminated food or water

Requires lab test or imaging

Treatment from medical professional advised

Can last several weeks or months

To help prevent the spread of amoebiasis around the home :

To help prevent infection:

• Consume alcohol or other sugary

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