Mary Help College

Hardware and Networking service

Level-III
UNIT OF COMPETENCE

CONFIGURE AND ADMINISTER SERVER

……………………………………………………………
By Mohammed H.
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Learning Outcomes:

LO1:- Confirm server specification.

LO2:- Verify server compatibility and inter
operability.
LO3:- Configure and test server.
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LO1:- Confirm server specification

Objectives:- After completing this Learning outcome the trainees should able to :

 Define Network Operating system and its characteristics

 Define Server and its Roles

 Over view of Windows Server 2003 Application and their Function

 Identify Windows Server 2003 Specifications

 Identify Windows Server 2003 Technology and resource

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Network Configuration
 In general, all networks have certain components, functions,
and features in common, these include:
◦ Servers— Computers that provide shared resources to
network users.
◦ Clients— Computers that access shared network
resources provided by a server.
◦ Media— the wires that make the physical connections.
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Network Configuration cont…

◦ Shared data— Files provided to clients by servers
across the network.
◦ Shared printers and other peripherals—
Additional resources provided by servers.
◦ Resources— any service or device, such as files,
printers, or other items, made available for use by
members of the network.
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Network Configuration cont…

Networks are classified into two principal groups
based on how they share information:
 Server-based networks.
 peer-to-peer networks
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Network Configuration cont…

In selecting one of these network types, the following issues should
be considered
◦ What is the size of the organization?
◦ How much security does the organization require?
◦ What software or hardware does the resource require?
◦ How much administration does it need?
◦ How much will it cost?
◦ Will this resource meet the needs of the organization today and in the
future?
◦ Will additional training be needed?
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Network Configuration cont…

Server-Based Networks
◦ In an environment with more than 10 users.

◦ Therefore, most networks have dedicated servers. A dedicated server is one

that functions only as a server and is not used as a client or workstation.

◦ Servers are described as "dedicated" because they are not themselves clients,

and because they are optimized to service requests from network clients

quickly and to ensure the security of files and directories.

◦ Server-based networks have become the standard models for networking

◦ Server-based networks divide processing tasks between clients and servers

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Network Configuration cont…

 Advantages include Disadvantages include
◦ Strong central security
◦ Expensive dedicated hardware server
◦ Central file storage which allows all users to
work from the same set of data and provides computer

easy backup of critical data ◦ Expensive network operating system

◦ Ability of servers to pool available hardware
software and client licenses
and software, lowering overall costs
◦ Ability to share expensive equipment ◦ A dedicated network administrator

◦ Optimized dedicated servers, which are faster

than peers at sharing resources on the
network
◦ Easy manageability of a large number of users
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Network Configuration cont…

Peer-to-Peer Networks
◦ In a peer-to-peer network, there are no dedicated
servers.
◦ All the computers are equal and therefore are known as
peers.
◦ Each computer functions as both a client and a server,
and there is no administrator responsible for the entire
network.
◦ The user at each computer determines what data on
that computer is shared on the network
◦ Peer-to-peer networks are relatively simple
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Network Configuration cont…

 Where a Peer-to-Peer Network Is Appropriate
 Peer-to-peer networks are good choices for environments where:
 Where are 10 users or fewer?
 Users share resources, such as files and printers, but no
specialized servers exist.
 Security is not an issue.
 The organization and the network will experience only limited
growth within the foreseeable
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Network Configuration cont…

 Advantagesof peer Disadvantages of
networks include peer networks
◦ No extra investment in server ◦Additional load on computers
because of resource sharing
hardware or software
◦Inability of peers to handle as
◦ Easy setup many network connections as
◦ Little network administration servers
required ◦Lack of central organization, which
◦ Ability of users to control can make data hard to find
resource sharing ◦No central point of storage for file
archiving
◦ No reliance on other computers ◦Requirement that users administer
for their operation their own computers
◦ Lower cost for small networks ◦Weak and intrusive security
◦ Lack o f central management,
which makes large peer networks
difficult to work with future.
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LO1:- Confirm server specification

Definition and Characteristics of Network OS

 A Network Operating System (NOS) is a

computer operating system (OS) that is designed primarily to support 
workstations, personal computers and, in some instances, older 
terminals that are connected on a local area network (LAN).
 The software behind a NOS allows multiple devices within a network to
communicate and share resources with each other.).

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Cont….
 The network operating system is designed to
allow shared file and printer access among multiple
computers in a network, typically a local area
network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.
 Network Operating Systems are based on
a client/server architecture in which a server enables
multiple clients to share and access resources.

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Cont….
Advantage of NOS
 Centrally manage network resources, such as programs,
data and devices.
 Secure access to a network.
 Allow remote users to connect to a network.
 Allow users to connect to other networks like the Internet.
 Back up data and ensure its availability.
 Multiuser, Multitasking, and Multiprocessor Systems

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Cont….
 Supports multiple user accounts at the same time and
enables concurrent access to shared resources by
multiple clients. Allow for simple additions of clients
 and resources.
 Monitor the status and functionality of network
elements.
 Distribute programs and software updates to clients.
 Ensure efficient use of a server's capabilities.

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Differences between Network and Desktop OS

Network Operating System Desktop Operating System

■ Supports multiple users ■ Supports a single user

■ Runs multiuser applications ■ Runs single-user
■ Shares files and folders on a applications
large network with high security. ■ Shares files and folders on a
■ Designed for a corporate small network with limited
environment serving multiple security
users with a wide range of ■ Designed for a small
needs . office/home office (SOHO)
■ Support large number of with a limited number of
users. users
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Cont….
Types of Network Operating System

1. Novell NetWare
2. Microsoft Windows:
3. Mac OS X Server:
4. UNIX:

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CONT….
1. Novell NetWare:
 Novell NetWare was one of the first network
operating systems.
 It made possible the networking of computers
running MS-DOS. NetWare used DOS to boot
the server and then installed itself as an
alternative operating system. Although today
Novell NetWare uses TCP/IP, its original
file transfer protocol was IPX.

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CONT….
1. Novell NetWare:
 Novell NetWare requires a server running the
server software and client software on all
machines. Novell client software is included in
recent Windows releases but must be purchased
separately for other operating systems. Novell
NetWare is the least commonly used of the major
NOSs today and is the least likely to be installed in
a new, small network.

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CONT….

2. Microsoft Windows:
 Network operating systems offered by
Microsoft are Windows 2000 Server and
Windows Server 2003.
 Windows Server operating systems use a
central Database called Active Directory
to manage network resources.

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CONT….

3. Linux/UNIX:
 Linux is an operating system similar to
UNIX.
 It runs on many different computers
and was first released in 1991.
 Linux operating systems include
RedHat, Caldera, SUSE, Debian,
Fedora, Sanba and Slackware

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CONT….

4. Macintosh OS X.
 Mac OS is the computer operating
system for Apple Computer's Macintosh
line of personal computers and
workstations.
 A popular feature of its latest
version, Mac OS X , is a desktop
interface with some 3-D appearance
characteristics.

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Cont…
What is Server?
 Servers is large system with higher processing speed,
memory and hard disk capacity whose role in a network is
to provide services and resources to users.
 In a large network environment, servers may have one or
more specific roles in a network, depending on the number
of users, volume of traffic, number of peripherals, and so on
 Computer that functions as servers within a domain can have
one of two roles, Domain Controller or Member Server.

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Server-based network:-
 Server-based network:- A network in which
network security and storage are managed
centrally by one or more servers.

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Cont…
How It Works
 In a server-based network, special computers called
servers handle network tasks such as authenticating users,
storing files, managing printers, and running applications
such as database and e-mail programs.
 Security is generally centralized in a security provider,
which allows users to have one user account for logging
on to any computer in the network. Because files are
stored centrally, they can be easily secured and backed up.

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Can my computer be a server?

 Yes. Any computer, even a home desktop or laptop computer, can act as a server with the right 
software. For example, you could install an FTP server program on your computer to share files
between other users on your network.
 Although it is possible to have your home computer act as a server, keep the following ideas in
mind.
◦ Your computer and the related server software must always be running to be accessible.
◦ When your computer is acting as a server and being used by others, its resources (e.g.,
processing and bandwidth) will be taken away from what you have available to do other
things.
◦ Connecting a computer to a network and the Internet can open up your computer to new
types of attacks.
◦ If the service you're providing becomes popular, a typical computer may not have the
necessary resources to handle all of the requests

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Cont….
Role of Server:
1. Domain Controller is the authentication server or
security server validate users for logging on and accessing
network resources.
2. Member servers is a computer that provides specific
function.
Such as :-File and print servers provide users with centralized
locations for storing files and accessing print devices.

3. Standalone Server is a computer install only NOS without

service

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Cont…
Choosing a NOS
The main features to consider when selecting a NOS include:

Performance

Management and monitoring tools

Security

Scalability

Robustness/fault tolerance

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Client Requirements issues

 One of the first and most important activities to get on
when confirming server specifications is to confirm client
needs and to ensure that they acknowledge that
requirements have been captured correctly.
 So one of the tasks in confirming client needs is to
document the requirements.

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Cont…
 This may include identifying or clarifying
The business case
Level of services they need
Maintenance and backup requirements
Bandwidth issues
The nature of the data (e.g. text, multimedia)
Security needs (E.g. levels of user access and privileges)
Available support resources
Cost or budget.

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Cont…
 Once requirements have been defined and client needs are

clarified, it’s time to start thinking about identifying products

that fit the solution. In this case, we need to focus on the

possible server solutions.

 Remember: a server consists of

◦ Hardware

◦ Software

◦ Network connections.

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Identify Windows Server 2003 Specifications

What is Server Specification?

 Server specifications provide detailed information for your

server, including dimensions, electrical, power,

temperature, environment, and service clearances.

 It is the hardware and software specifications of your server.

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Example of Server Specifications is given as follow

Hardware Specifications
 Server Model: DELL PowerEdge 860
 Processor:Intel Dual Core Xeon Pro 3050 2.13GHz
 Memory: DDR2 8 GB ECC Registered
 Harddrive: 500 GB S-ATA II
 CaseType: Rack Mount 1 U
 LANPort:2 LAN Port (2 Gigabit port)
 Cacheand FSB:2MB Cache, 1066MHz FSB, Dual Channel Memory, ECC
Supported
Software Specifications
Operating System:
 Windows Server 2003/2008 X-86 based OS
InstalledApplications:
 MS Office 2007/2010 (32-bit version)*
 Apache 2.0 Webserver
 SQL Server 2008/MySQL5, PHP5, CGI, Perl, SSI
 POP3, SMTP, IMAP, Webmail
 Symantec Antivirus

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Identify Windows Server 2003 Technology and

resource
HARDWARE OF SERVER

 CPU

 RAM

 HDD

 RAID Controller

 FAN

 POWER SUPPLY……

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CONT….

Types of Computer Server

1. Blade Server

2. Rack Mount Server

3. Tower Server

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1. blade server
 Blade server. A server architecture
that houses multiple server modules
("blades") in a single chassis. It is
widely used in datacenters to save
space and improve system
management. Either self-standing or
rack mounted, the chassis provides
the power supply, and each blade has
its own CPU, RAM and storage.

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2. Rack Mount Server

A rack server, also called a rack-mounted
server, is a computer dedicated to use as a
server and designed to be installed in a
framework called a rack. The rack
contains multiple mounting slots called
bays, each designed to hold a hardware
unit secured in place with screws. A rack
server has a low-profile enclosure, in
contrast to a tower server, which is built
into an upright, standalone cabinet.
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3. Tower Server
A tower server is a computer intended
for use as a server and built in an upright
cabinet that stands alone. The cabinet,
called a tower, is similar in size and
shape to the cabinet for a tower-style
personal computer. This is in contrast to 
rack server s or blade server s, which are
designed to be rack-mounted .

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The End

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LO2: Verifying server compatibility

and inter-operability
Objectives:
 After completing this Learning outcome the
student should be able to:
Review Hardware and software
compatibility
Install Required operating system and
software

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Review Hardware and software

compatibility
Computer compatibility
A family of computer models is said to be compatible if
certain software that runs on one of the models can also
be run on all other models of the family.
 The computer models may differ in performance, reliability
or some other characteristic. These differences may affect
the outcome of the running of the software.

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Cont…
What is Software compatibility?
Software compatibility is a characteristic of software
components or systems which can operate satisfactorily
together on the same computer, or on different
computers linked by a computer network.
It is possible that some software components or
systems may be compatible in one environment and
incompatible in another.

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Cont…..

Software compatibility can refer to the compatibility

that particular software has running on a particular
CPU architecture such as Intel or PowerPC.
Software compatibility can also refer to ability for the
software to run on a particular operating system. Very
rarely is compiled software compatible with multiple
different CPU architectures.

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Cont…
 Software incompatibility occurs many times for new software
released for a newer version of an operating system which is
incompatible with the older version of the operating system because
it may miss some of the features and functionality that the software
depends on.
 Software that works on older versions of an operating system is said to
be backwards compatible.

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Cont….
What is Hardware Compatibility?
  Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) is a list of
computer hardware (typically including many types of peripheral
devices) that is compatible with a particular operating system or device
management software.
 In today's world, there is a vast amount of computer hardware in
circulation, and many operating systems too.

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Cont…
Hardware compatibility can refer to the
compatibility of computer hardware components
with a particular CPU architecture, bus,
motherboard or operating system.
Hardware that is compatible may not always run
at its highest stated performance, but it can work
with legacy components.

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Cont…

An example is RAM chips, some of which can run at

a lower (or sometimes higher) clock rate than rated.
Hardware that was designed for one operating
system may not work for another, if device or
kernel drivers are unavailable.
 For example, much of the hardware for Mac OS X
is proprietary hardware [1] with drivers unavailable
for use in operating systems such as Linux.
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Installing Windows Server

2003
Preplanning and Preparing a Server Installation

 Before you begin the actual installation of Windows Server 2003,

you must make several decisions.

 How well you plan these steps will determine how successful

your installation is.

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Cont…
Verifying Minimum Hardware Requirements
 The first step of the installation is verifying that your hardware meets the
system requirements. although there is a minimum requirement for the
CPU and RAM, there is also a recommended CPU and RAM
configuration. For the sake of performance we have to use recommended.

Requirement Standard Enterprise Server

Server
Minimum CPU speed 133MHz 133MHz for x86-based
computers 733MHz for Itanium-
based computers
Recommended CPU 550MHz 733MHz
speed
Minimum RAM 128MB 128MB
Maximum RAM 4GB 32GB
Multiprocessor support Up to 4 Up to 8
Disk space 1.5GB 1.5GB

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Gathering the Information

Necessary to Proceed
During the installation of Windows Server 2003, you
will have to tell the Setup Wizard how you want your
server configured.
The wizard will take the information you provide and will
configure the server settings to meet your specifications.
Taking the time to gather the information described in the
following sections before starting your installation will
likely make your installation go faster and easier.

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Cont….
Selecting the Computer Name
Each computer on a network must have a name that is unique
within that network. Many companies have a standard naming
convention for their servers and workstations.

Name of the Workgroup or Domain

During the server installation, the Setup Wizard will ask for the
name of the workgroup or domain that the server will be joining.
You can either enter the name of an existing organizational
structure or enter a new name, creating a new workgroup or
domain.
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Cont…

Network Protocol and IP Address of the Server

 When installing Windows Server 2003, you must install and configure a
network protocol that will allow it to communicate with other machines
on the network. Currently, the most commonly used protocol is called
TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. This protocol allows computers throughout the Internet to
communicate. After you install the TCP/IP protocol, you need to
configure an IP address for the server

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Choose an Installation
Method
1. Attended installation
2. Unattended installation
3. Other installation options

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Cont…

1. Attended Installation:- An attended installation requires a user’s

continuous involvement during the installation process. This
installation method requires the least amount of preparation.
Note:- Attended installations are time consuming.
2. Unattended Installation:- An unattended installation does not
require constant user involvement during the installation process.
The installation can be initiated by pre-configuring an answer file
called unattend.txt. Unattend.txt file contains all the necessary
settings and options that are selected and entered during an attended
installation.
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Cont…

Unattended installations are beneficial:

When the operating system is to be installed on several
similar servers.
For deploying/organizing a large number of client operating
systems such as Windows XP or Windows 2000 Professional.
Unattended installation requires a lot of planning; it may be
essential to run through at least one attended installation to
ensure that all the settings and options entered in the answer
file are accurate.

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Cont…
3. Other Installation Options
3.1. Network installation

3.2. Imaged installation

3.1. Network Installation

For installing Windows Server 2003 on computers connected to an
existing network:
Copy the \I386 directory from the installation CD to a shared folder on
the network.
Copy files, such as answer files and device drivers, to the same folder.
Map the folder to a drive letter on the machine where the operating
system is to be installed.
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Cont…

3.3. Imaged Installation

Imaged installation is useful when Windows
Server 2003 needs to be set up on several identical
computers.
Disk image is used to perform imaged
installations.

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Make Pre-Installation Decisions

(Question?)

1. Partitioning
2. File system
3. Licensing
4. Server name
5. Initial password
6. Network settings
7. Upgrade or clean installation
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Install Windows Server 2003

Step 1: Correct your Boot Sequence by Entering in the

BIOS Setup

Step 2: Insert your CD /DVD in your Drive and start

your Computer from CD/DVD and Press Any Key

from the keyboard when the message is appeared

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After Press Any Key from the keyboard this

message is appeared

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Step 3:Press Enter to Install Windows Server

2003 after the following Information is Displayed
on your screen

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Step 4: Press F8 from the keyboard to accept

the Licence Agreement

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Step 5:Select a partition if it is created if not

please create the partition by reading the
instruction

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Step 6: Select The File System of the

partition(NTFS/FAT)

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Step 7: Press Enter to start up the setup of

the windows

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And Finally Your computer will restart after

the following progress(you can press Enter
to restart without finishing this progress
,doing this have not any problem)

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After restart your computer will boot with

the following display

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Logon to Windows

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LO3: Configure and Test Server

Objective: At the end of this the student should be

able to know the following contents
◦ Configure server as required by technical
requirements.
◦ Define scope and applicability of the testing
against technical requirements.
◦ Develop Test plan with reference to
resources and network impact.
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What is Directory Service?

A Directory Service is a software application that stores
and organizes information about the network users and
resources.
The Directory Service allows the network administrators
to manage the user’s access to the resources.

Directory Service
The Directory acts as a central point of control and
management of the network operating system.
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Cont…

Main advantages of Directory Services are

Directory Services help in Simplifying management: By acting as a

single point of management, a directory can ease the administrative tasks

associated with complex networks.

Directory Services provide higher level of security. Directories offer a

single logon facility and they provide more secure authentication process.
Directory Services allow interoperability: Most of Directory Services

available today are based upon industry standards This allows sharing of

resources in a heterogeneous environment.

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Cont…
Directory Services software application store data in its own database.
Following are the important data which are kept in Directory
Services database.
◦ User Account Information (Login name, Password, Restrictions).

◦ User Personal Information (Phone number, Address, Employee

ID).

◦ Peripheral Configuration Information (Printers, Modem, Fax).

◦ Application Configuration (Desktop Preference, Default

Directories).

◦ Security Information.

◦ Network Structure.

◦ Network Infrastructure Configuration.

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Configuring Active Directory and DNS

What is Active Directory?

Active Directory is the directory service for the Microsoft
Windows 2003 network operating system.
Active Directory consists of both a database and a service.
 Active Directory is a database of information about
resources on the network, such as computers, users, shared
folders, and printers.
It is also a service that makes this information available to
users and applications.
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Cont….

Active Directory® is the Microsoft's implementation of

Directory Services its purpose is to store information about
users, resources, and other network components, and to
provide that information according to access permissions of the
entity who is requesting it.
Active Directory (AD) is meant for use in Microsoft Windows
network environments and it provides central authentication
and authorization services for Windows-based computers.

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Cont….

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Cont…

Before we configure Active Directory, let's start

with the following core components of the Active
Directory service in details.
◦ Domains
◦ Forests
◦ Domain Controllers
◦ Organizational units
◦ Tree
◦ Trust
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A Domain is a logical grouping of users, computers, and

resources that makes up a security and administrative boundary.

It is not a physical entity and doesn’t identify the actual network

topology or physical location of the network, but it provides a

way to secure and organize objects.

For Domain
example, Microsoft.com and Amazon.com are domains

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Defines a collection of one or more domains that share a common schema,

configuration, and global catalog.

Is a collection of trees that do not share a contiguous DNS naming structure.

Forest
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Schema & Configuration

Schema
◦ Is the configuration information that
governs the structure and content of the
directory

Configuration
◦ Configuration defines the logical structure
of a forest, such as the number and
configuration of sites in the forest.
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Global Catalog
It contains information about all objects in the forest and, in particular, where to

find them. Global catalogs also contain membership information for universal

groups.

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Domain Controller
A domain controller manages information in the Active
Directory database and enables users to log on to the domain, be
authenticated for accessing resources in the domain, and search
the directory for information about users and network resources.
Domain controllers act as the central security component of a
domain.
All security and account validation is performed by a domain
controller.
Every domain must have at least one domain controller.
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Organizational Unit
Organizational Unit (OU) is a special container of Active Directory,
which is used to organize Active Director objects within a domain
into administrative groups or simply an organizational unit (OU) is a
logical group of Active Directory objects. An OU can contain objects
like user accounts, groups, computers, printers, file shares, and other
OUs from the same domain.

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Cont….

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Tree
An Active Directory tree is a collection of Active Directory
domains that begins at a single root and branches out into
peripheral, child domains. Domains in an Active Directory tree
share the same namespace.

85
 ……………………………………………………………

Trust
Active Directory Trust relationship is a logical link
which allows a domain to access another domain, or a
forest to access another forest. Trusts which are created
automatically are called as implicit Trusts and the trusts
which are created manually are called as Explicit Trusts.

86
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
The following are the characteristics of Windows 2003
Trusts.
◦ Active Directory Trusts can be created manually
(explicitly) or automatically (implicitly).
◦ Active Directory Trusts can be either transitive or
non transitive. A transitive trust extends the trust
relationships with other domains and a no
transitive does not allow the trust to flow to any
other domains in the forest.
◦ Active Directory Trusts can be one-way or two-way.
87
 ……………………………………………………………

Types of Trust

1. Parent-child Trust: 

2. Tree-root Trust: 

3. Shortcut Trust:

4. External Trust:

5. Realm Trust: 

6. Forest Trust: 
88
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont….

 Parent-child Trust: Parent-child Trust is an

completely established, two-way, transitive trust
when you add a new child domain to a tree.
 Tree-root Trust: Tree-root Trust is an completely
established, two-way, transitive trust when you
add a new tree root domain to a forest.

89
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
Shortcut Trust: Shortcut Trust is an clearly created, transitive trust
between two domains in a forest to improve user logon times.
Shortcut Trust will make a trust path shorter between two
domains in the same forest. The Shortcut Trust can be one-way or
two-way.
External Trust: External Trust is explicitly created, non-transitive
trust between Windows Server 2003 domains that are in different
forests or between a Windows Server 2003 domain and Windows
NT 4 domain. The External Trust can be one-way or two-way.

90
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont….
Realm Trust: Realm Trust is explicitly created transitive or
non-transitive trust between a non Windows Kerberos
realm and a Windows Server 2003 domain. This trust helps
to create trust relationship between Windows Server 2003
domain and any Kerberos version 5 realm. The Realm
Trust can be and one-way or two-way.
Forest Trust: Forest Trust is explicitly transitive (between
two forests) created trust between two forest root domains.
The Forest Trust can be one-way or two-way. 91
 ……………………………………………………………

Install Network Driver

Give IP address to server computer
Check file NTFS or Not…
Give password to server computer
Established Network Between server computer and
client computer or connect network cable b/n client and
server computer
Pre Request to install active directory
Insert windows server 2003 sp2 or sp3 CD/DVD
92
 ……………………………………………………………

Operation Sheet

Install Active Directory (Operation Sheet)

 To install Active Directory on Windows Server 2003
 Click Start, click Run, type dcpromo, and then click OK.

93
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
1. On the first page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard, click
Next.

94
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
 On the next page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard,
click Next

95
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
 On the Domain Controller Type page, click Domain Controller for
a new domain, and then click Next

96
 CONT…

 On the Create New Domain page, click Domain in a new forest, and then
click Next

97
 CONT…

 On the New Domain Name page, in the Full DNS name for new domain box, type
corp.contoso.com, and then click Next

98
 CONT…

Accept the domain NETBIOS name.

(NetBIOS names provides for down-level compatibility.)

99
 CONT…
Note:
If your AD has been planned and the growth factor has been taken into account I
would recommend to plan these locations right from the beginning. Logs and
database should be on a different partition. This will improve performance

100
 CONT…
Type a password (record this password part of your secure server documentation)
click next.
Note: This password does not need to be the same as your domain administrator
password. To read more regarding this topic click on the "AD help link" on the same
window

101
CONT…

102
 ……………………………………………………………

Managing Users and Groups

You have to create user accounts on each server when someone joins
your organization and remove those accounts when someone leaves.
Users have to provide a user name and password each time someone
accesses resources on a different server. When it’s time to change
users’ passwords, users must do so on each server

103
 ……………………………………………………………

Introduction to the user

Account
A user Account provides a user with the ability to log on to
the domain to gain access to network resources or to log on
to a computer to gain access to resource on that computer

104
 ……………………………………………………………
CONT…

Types of User Account

1. Local user accounts
2. Domain user accounts
3. Built-in user account

105
 ……………………………………………………………

1. Local User Accounts

Is an account that allows users to log on at and gain access to
resource on only the computer where you create the local user
account
Do not create local user account on computer that require access
to Domain resources, because the domain does not recognize
local user account properties or assign access permissions for
domain resources unless he or she connects to the local
computer using the Action menu on the computer management
console
106
 ……………………………………………………………

 Provide access to resources on the local computer

 Are created in the local security database

Similarly certain built in local groups are:

Administrators,
Users, Guests, and
Backup operators.

Use of Local User Accounts

107
 ……………………………………………………………

Domain user accounts allow users to log on to the domain and gain

access to resources anywhere on the network. The user provides

his or her user name and password during the logon process.

You create a domain user account in a container or an

organizational unit(OU)in the copy of the active Directory

2. Domain User Accounts

Database(called the Directory) on a domain controller

108
 ……………………………………………………………

Use of Domain user accounts

Provide access to network resources

Provide the access token for authentication

Are created in Active Directory on a domain controller

The example of certain built in domain groups are:

Account Operators,
Administrators,
Backup Operators,
Network Configuration Operators,
Performance Monitor Users, and
Users.
109
 ……………………………………………………………

Is an account which is created automatically

creates accounts called built-in accounts.
Two commonly used built-in accounts are
Administrator and Guest

3. Built-In User Accounts

110
 ……………………………………………………………

User Profiles
The system creates a user profile the first time that a
user logs on to a computer.
At following logons, the system loads the user's profile,
and then other system components configure the user's
environment according to the information in the profile.

111
 ……………………………………………………………

Types of User Profiles

1. Local User Profiles

2. Roaming User Profiles

3. Mandatory User Profiles

4. Temporary User Profiles

112
 ……………………………………………………………

A local user profile is created the first time that a

user logs on to a computer.
The profile is stored on the computer's local hard
disk.
Changes made to the local user profile are specific
to the user and to the computer on which the
1. Local User Profiles
changes are made.
113
 ……………………………………………………………

A roaming user profile is a copy of the local profile that is

copied to, and stored on, a server share.
This profile is downloaded to any computer that a user logs
onto on a network. Changes made to a roaming user profile are
synchronized with the server copy of the profile when the user
logs off.
The advantage of roaming user profiles is that users do not

2.to Roaming
need create a profile onUser Profiles
each computer they use on a
network.
114
 ……………………………………………………………

A mandatory user profile is a type of profile that

administrators can use to specify settings for users.
Only system administrators can make changes to
mandatory user profiles. Changes made by users to
desktop settings are lost when the user logs off.

3. Mandatory User Profiles

115
 ……………………………………………………………

4. Temporary User Profiles

A temporary profile is issued each time that an
error condition prevents the user's profile from
loading. Temporary profiles are deleted at the end
of each session, and changes made by the user to
desktop settings and files are lost when the user
logs off. Temporary profiles are only available on
computers running Windows 2000 and later.
116
 ……………………………………………………………

Dynamic Host Configuration of Protocol

(DHCP)

DHCP needs to be assign IP dynamically for

client by server computer.

Advantage

 To be absence repeated of Address or host

number as well as need to ordered users

117
……………………………………………………………

C P
D H
l l
ta
ns
I
118
 ……………………………………………………………

How to Test DHCP

To test this, Windows Server 2008 DHCP server.

To be safe, I have no other devices on this network
segment.
I did an IPCONFIG /RELEASE then an
IPCONFIG /RENEW and verified that I received
an IP address from the new DHCP server, as you
can see below:

119
……………………………………………………………

Cont….

120
……………………………………………………………

Cont…

121
 ……………………………………………………………

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

 Is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one
host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.
 Is a protocol for exchanging files over the Internet. FTP uses the
Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer.
 A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between
two computers on the Internet. Both computers must support their
respective FTP roles: one must be an FTP client and the other an FTP
server.
 FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the
Internet or to upload a file to a server.
 It use 21 port number throughout internet.
122
 ……………………………………………………………

Web Server(iis)
 Is a member server which helps as to manage and control the file which

is created by HTML, XHTML ASP language with the given specific port

number 80 with the given protocol (HTTP/HTTPS).

 Web servers a computer that is maintained by a system administrator or

internet service provider (ISP) and that responds to requests from a user's

browser.
 Provide information to user on the internet
 Distribute application to user over the internet instead of through physical

media, such as CD, flash disk, floppy disk and other external memory.

123
Previ
Previ Next
Next
…………………………………………………………… End

Difference between FTP&WEB

WEB Server FTP Server

 Web server is just a server  FTP stands for File Transfer

that hosts web pages. Protocol. This creates a
 Uses HTTP (Hypertext connection between computers
to allow uploading and
Transfer Protocol ) downloading of files.
HTTPS(secured) which is a  Use TCP /IP protocol which help
set of rules used to control to send and receive simple files.
how multimedia, code and  Once connected you can browse
text based files are give up through the files in your FTP
via web browsers served client and basically drag and
from a local or remote web drop them to your side.
 Use 21 port number.
servers.
 Used 80 port number. 12
4
Previ
Previ Next
Next
…………………………………………………………… End

Cont..
 HTTP is a protocol used by the While the FTP protocol is
World Wide Web that allows
used to transfer files from a
the transfer of files from a web
server to a user’s web browser computer to and from an
for viewing web pages on the FTP server. FTP facilitates
Internet.
the transfer of files from
 HTTP transfers only web page
content to the browser so as to one computer to another.
view it. The transferred file is FTP, on the other hand,
not saved in the memory
transfers the whole file to
space. HTTP does not require
a password and user name to the another computer, and
access the server to transfer the file is saved in memory. 125

files.
Previ
Previ Next
Next
…………………………………………………………… End

Cont..
 HTTP is faster and more efficient  Whereas the FTP protocol
for transferring smaller files.
requires authentication.
HTTP is able to use a single
connection to transfer multiple  While FTP is faster and more
files, efficient in transferring larger
 HTTP only transfers the contents files.
of a web page into a browser for
 While FTP requires a new
viewing.
 HTTP is a one-way system as connection to be created with
files are transported only from the each file transfer.
server onto the workstation’s  FTP is a two-way system as
browser. The files are transferred
files are transferred back and
but not downloaded, therefore not
copied into the memory of the forth between server and
126
receiving device. workstation
 ……………………………………………………………

Domain Name System (DNs)

Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system based

on a distributed database used in Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks to translate
computer names to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
DNS is most commonly associated with the Internet.
However, private networks use DNS extensively to
resolve computer names and to locate computers within
their local networks and the Internet.
Maryhelpcollege.com TO 192.168.11.1

127
 ……………………………………………………………

DNS provides the following benefits:

DNS names are user-friendly, which means that they are

easier to remember than IP addresses.
DNS names remain more constant than IP addresses. An
IP address for a server can change, but the server name
remains the same.
DNS allows users to connect to local servers using the
same naming convention as the Internet.
Generally DNS is used for translating host names to IP
addresses and the reverse.
128
 ……………………………………………………………

Print server
It is a server that use to centralize printing job. It
helps network administrator control who can and
to specify it availability time in that network which
save printer resource and cost.
Print servers can be used to save costs by utilizing
one printing device for multiple workstations as
opposed to individual printers.

129
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont…
A print server, or printer server, is a device that
connects printers to server computers over a network.
It accepts print jobs from all client computers and
sends the jobs to the appropriate printers.
A print server may be a networked computer with one
or more shared printers. Alternatively a print server
may be a dedicated device on the network, with
connections to the LAN and one or more printers.
130
 ……………………………………………………………

Advantage and Disadvantage of shared printer

Advantage of shared Pinter

1. Save time: users can not move from place to place to
find printer and to printer their document.
2. Save cost: save cost that incurred to buy printer for each
user of the company which need to have printer.
3. Allow administrator to control the printer and simple to
upgrade the networked printer.
Disadvantage of shared printer
 Some times it is disadvantageous because proprietary
commands are not usable Restricts user fr.om using printer
personally.
 May have data traffic.

131
 ……………………………………………………………
BACK UP SERVER

It is a server option which helps us to take a backup of the

whole computer information or a single drive. File server
also used to take backup but it takes only shared folders
file.
We can take a backup of our data in to two ways
 Whole computer information backup
 Single drive backup

We do not need to install the backup server, we use

through accessory of server computer or client computer.
132
 ……………………………………………………………

Cont….
 Is a feature helps us to make a backup or a copy of
the original document for the safety of the
original data.
 Helps us to protect our operating system, volume,
files, and application data and data can be saved
to single or multiple disks, DVD, removable
media, or remote shared folders. They can be
schedule to run automatically or manually.
133
……………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………

Install DNS on Windows Server 2003

Before installing and configuring DNS on our server we have to

perform some preliminary tasks. Specifically, we have to configure

the server with a static IP address and a DNS suffix. The suffix will

be used to fully-qualify the server name. To begin:

 When the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) window

comes up, enter an IP address , subnet mask

and default gateway IP addresses that are all

compatible with your LAN.

 Our LAN is on a 192.168.1.0/24 network, so

our settings are as follows:

135
 ……………………………………………………………

CONT…
 3. For the Preferred DNS Server , enter the loopback address 127.0.0.1 . This tells the
server to use its own DNS server service for name resolution, rather than using a separate
server. After filling out those fields , click the Advanced button.
 4. When the Advanced TCP/IP Settings window comes up, click the DNS tab, enter
firewall.test on the DNS suffix for this connection text field, check Register this
connection's address in DNS , check Use this connection's DNS suffix in DNS
registration , and click OK , OK , and then Close

136
 ……………………………………………………………
CONT..

Now that we have configured our server with a static IP address

and a DNS suffix, we are ready to install DNS. To do this:

1. Go to Start > Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs .

2. When the Add or Remove Program window launches, click

Add/Remove Windows Components on the left pane.

3. When the Windows Components Wizard comes up, scroll down and
highlight Networking Services and then click the Details button.

4. When the Networking Services window comes up, place a check

mark next to Domain Name System (DNS) and click OK and OK
again.
137
……………………………………………………………

138
 ……………………………………………………………

CONT…
Note that, during the install, Windows may generate
an error maintaining that it could not find a file
needed for DNS installation. If this happens, insert
your Windows Server 2003 CD into the server's
CD-ROM drive and browse to the i386 directory.
The wizard should automatically find the file and
allow you to select it. After that, the wizard should
resume the install.
139
 ……………………………………………………………
CONT…

 After this, DNS should be successfully installed. To launch the DNS

MMC, go to Start > Administrative Tools > DNS

140
 ……………………………………………………………

CONT…

On the left pane of the DNS MMC, there is a server

node with three nodes below it, titled Forward Lookup
Zones, Reverse Lookup Zones and Event Viewer.
The Forward Lookup Zones node stores zones that are
used to map host names to IP addresses, whereas the
Reverse Lookup Zones node stores zones that are used
to map IP addresses to host names.

141
 ……………………………………………………………

Setting Up a Cache-Only DNS Server

A cache-only DNS server contains no zones or resource
records. Its only function is to cache answers to queries
that it processes, that way if the server receives the same
query again later, rather than go through the recursion
process again to answer the query, the cache-only DNS
server would just return the cached response, thereby
saving time.
With that said, our newly installed DNS server is already
a cache-only DNS server!
142
 ……………………………………………………………

Creating a Primary Forward Lookup Zone

With its limited functionality, a cache-only DNS server is best
suited for a small office environment or a small remote branch
office. However, in a large enterprise where Active Directory is
typically deployed, more features would be needed from a
DNS server, such as the ability to store records for computers,
servers and Active Directory. The DNS server stores those
records in a database, or a zone .
DNS has a few different types of zones, and each has a
different function. We will first create a primary forward
lookup zone titled firewall.test . We do not want to name it
firewall.cx , or any variation that uses a valid top-level domain
name, as this would potentially disrupt the clients' abilities to
access the real websites for those domains. 143
 ……………………………………………………………

Steps to Create Forward Lookup zones

1. On the DNS MMC, right-click the Forward Lookup

Zones node and choose New Zone .
2. When the New Zone Wizard comes up, click Next .
3. On the Zone Type screen, make sure that Primary zone is
selected and click Next .
4. On the Zone Name screen, type firewall.test .
5. On the Zone File screen, click Next .
6. On the Dynamic Update screen, make sure that “ Do not
allow dynamic updates ” is selected and click Next .
7. On the next screen, click Finish .
We now have a foundation that we can place resource records
in for name resolution by internal clients.
144
 ……………………………………………………………

Creating a Primary Reverse Lookup Zone

Different to the forward lookup zone, a reverse

lookup zone is used by the DNS server to resolve IP
addresses to host names. Not as frequently used as
forward lookup zones, reverse lookup zones are
often used by anti-spam systems in countering spam
and by monitoring systems when logging events or
issues. To create a reverse lookup zone:

145
 ……………………………………………………………
Steps to Creating a Primary Reverse Lookup
Zone

1. On the DNS MMC, right-click the Reverse Lookup

Zones node and choose New Zone .
2. When the New Zone Wizard comes up, click Next .
3. On the Zone Type screen, make sure that Primary
zone is selected and click Next .
4. On the Reverse Lookup Zone Name screen, enter
192.168.1 and click Next .
5. On the Zone File screen, click Next .
6. On the Dynamic Update screen, make sure that “Do
not allow dynamic updates” is selected and click Next
.
7. On the next screen, click Finish .
146
……………………………………………………………
Cont…

147
 ……………………………………………………………

Exercise 1: Installing and Configuring the

DNS Service
1. Open the Configure Your Server Wizard by
selecting Start _ Administrative Tools _ Configure
Your Server.
2. Click Next to dismiss the Welcome screen and
click Next again to dismiss the Preliminary Steps
screen.
3. Click the DNS Server item in the Server Role list
and click Next to continue.
4. Click Next on the Summary page to complete
the DNS installation.
5. The Configure A DNS Sever Wizard
automatically appears. Click Next to dismiss the
Welcome screen.
6. Select the Create Forward And Reverse Lookup
Zones radio button and click Next to 148
 ……………………………………………………………

8. If not already selected, select the Primary Zone

option and the Store The Zone In Active Directory
option. Click Next when you are ready.
9. Enter sybex.com in the Zone Name field and click
Next to continue.
10. Select the Allow Only Secure Dynamic Updates
radio button and click Next.
11. If not already selected, select No, Don’t Create
A Reverse Lookup Zone Now and click Next to
continue.
12. If not already selected, select the No, It Should
Not Forward Queries radio button and click Next to
continue
13. Click Finish to end the wizard. The Configure
Your Server wizard reappears and in forms you that
the DNS service was successfully installed. Click the
Finish button. 149