C M P M: Onstruction Ethods and Roject Anagement

CONSTRUCTION METHODS and
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
The Construction Industry is an Uncertain Industry.
Uncertainties
1. The competitive tendering process
2. The company’s turnover
3. Site production rates Variable
4. Weather
To reduce variability, the best-run company needs to be

controlled by:
5. Planning and Setting Targets

6. Choosing Methods to achieve such plans and targets
7. Monitoring Progress
8. Taking Corrective action when necessary
Continual Monitoring and Revision is ultimately the only way to

cope with uncertainty and variability.

The art of construction has slowly developed into a science over
the centuries. Civil engineers are involved from conception to
physical realization of the project.
Different civil engineering projects:

1. Building Project


2. Transportation systems


3. Hydraulic structures


4. Offshore Stuctures


5. Fossil fuel and Nuclear power plants

1. Find out the tallest building in the Philippines . Also, find out the
type of structural system used.
2. Collect the list of various dams and find out their details.
3. Find out the tallest building in Tuguegarao City . Also, find out
the type of structural system used.
4. Make a detailed collection of different bridges in the country.
5. Find out the area of industrial establishment and power plant.


4. Offshore Stuctures

Building Construction:
During design phase, building design is coordinated by architect who

works with other engineering disciplines such as structure engineer,
electrical engineer whereas construction phase is coordinated by the
civil engineers.
Building project can further be classified into

1. Residential Building
2. Commercial and other buildings.
Economically building project accounts for most of construction project
in a country. But most of the constructions are carried out in an
unorganized way.
In our country, building construction projects are very fragmented and
majority of construction in rural and semi urban area is carried out by
non-engineering ways. Building construction in Philippines is highly
labor–intensive. Most of the laborers employed for building projects
are semi-skilled and untrained. Uses of heavy equipment are very
rare. Building projects are governed by many local as well as general
laws, such as municipal laws, building laws etc.

Heavy Engineering Construction:
Heavy engineering construction includes primary infrastructural

facilities such as transportation system, hydraulic structure, water
treatment and water supply system, waste water treatment and
its disposal, power line transmission.
Heavy engineering construction accounts for around 25-30 percent

of total construction.
Construction is carried out by reputed big company.

Heavy engineering projects are mostly financed by government.
These are primarily infrastructural projects.
Design as well as construction in these projects is the primary job

of civil engineers although inputs from other departments play an
important role.
Heavy engineering project are highly equipment intensive and
large quantities of materials are used.

Industrial Project:
Industrial Projects are highly specialized projects and it is
dominated by large construction firms.
These projects include power plants(fossil fuel, nuclear power),

petroleum refineries and petro-chemical plants, fertilizer plants,
large steel plants, heavy manufacturing plants, aircraft industry.
Industrial projects accounts for only 10 percent of the total

construction projects, but it requires highest level of engineering
expertise from various engineering disciplines, such as chemical,
mechanical, electrical engineering.
Industrial constructions are very specialized job and consists of

large complex mechanical, electrical, instrumentation work.
Construction is dominated by skilled labor and quite labor

intensive compared to heavy engineering but large equipment are
also used.

Home-work
1. From any building construction site, make the list of various
professionals involved.
2. Try to find out a list of materials used in a building project.
3. Make the list of companies in civil engineering work and find

out their present work.
5. List the equipment used in construction of building heavy

infrastructural and industrial projects.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS A PROJECT?
A project is made up of a group of interrelated work activities
constrained by a specific scope, budget, and schedule to deliver
capital assets needed to achieve the strategic goals of an Agency.
Why the emphasis on project management?

• Many tasks do not fit neatly into business as-usual.
• Need to assign responsibility and authority for achievement of
organizational goals.
Characteristics of Projects
• Unique
• Specific Deliverable
• Specific Due Date
Other Common Characteristics of Projects
• Multidisciplinary
• Complex
• Conflict
• Part of Programs
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT VS.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT
Skill Requirements for Effective Project Management

• Conflict Resolution
• Creativity and Flexibility
• Ability to Adjust to Change
• Good Planning
• Negotiation– win-win versus win-lose
WHAT IS MANAGED?
1. Performance
2. Cost
3. and Time Project Targets
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Planning :
Predetermined course of action to obtain the desired project
activities. It also involves the formulation of alternatives and
chooses the best suitable. During planning phase, project is
required to be split up into well definable work in terms of time and
resources.
Scheduling:
It is the arranging of the work plan in the sequence of time.
Scoping :
Scoping is the defining the object of the project. Thus, the project
must be stated in the definite end measurable terms, which include
costs, schedule or quality of performance. Thus we obtain realistic
and specific objective of the project during scoping.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Organizing :
Integrating the resources in the project is termed as organizing.
Money, equipment, time, technology, manpower, materials are
resources. Putting them together to obtain desired result in
organizing.
Controlling :
Controlling is the monitoring, influencing and directing the project.
The progress of project is assessed through suitable measure;
deviations are discovered and corrective measures are taken to
rectify the deviation.
Following steps are involved in controlling a project.
• Assess the progress of the project, measure quality and flow of
money.
• Compare with original schedule, specification, design. Also obtain
the quality of conformance.
• Take necessary action to correct if there is any deviation from
the earlier plans.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Directing:
It is function of project leader to give instructions to subordinates,
supervise their work and corresponds to the report when they give
as feedback. Basically directing is linked with organization setup of
project management team.
Staffing:
This is the process of dividing the project work and placing suitable
person at the appropriate positions. Recruitment, training and their
assessment are part of staffing.
Coordinating:
This is the process of interaction between different departments or
functionalities in the project management group which generally
follows pyramidal structure.
Estimation:
Estimation evaluates the resources in terms of cost. Planning
evaluates the resources in terms of time. Adding both together as is
necessary to obtain the cash flow.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The Life Cycle of a Civil Engineering Project
Civil Engineering project starts with idea, requirement to fulfill
demands, will to provide basic amenities to the citizen by the state.
Project ends with the infrastructure of facilities, recreational
amenities, industrial plants in operation as reality.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The phases through which a civil engineering
project passes are:
1. Conceptual and Feasibility Studies.
2. Engineering Design.
3. Contracting and Procurement
4. Construction.
5. Commissioning of a project Start-up and
Implementation
6. Utilization and Maintenance.
IDEA REALITY
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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CONSTRUCTION METHODS and

To reduce variability, the best-run company needs to be

5. Planning and Setting Targets

Continual Monitoring and Revision is ultimately the only way to

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Different civil engineering projects:

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

During design phase, building design is coordinated by architect who

Building project can further be classified into

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Heavy engineering construction includes primary infrastructural

Heavy engineering construction accounts for around 25-30 percent

Construction is carried out by reputed big company.

Design as well as construction in these projects is the primary job

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

These projects include power plants(fossil fuel, nuclear power),

Industrial projects accounts for only 10 percent of the total

Industrial constructions are very specialized job and consists of

Construction is dominated by skilled labor and quite labor

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

2. Try to find out a list of materials used in a building project.

3. Make the list of companies in civil engineering work and find

5. List the equipment used in construction of building heavy

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Why the emphasis on project management?

Skill Requirements for Effective Project Management

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