Java Fundamentals

Java Fundamentals
What is JAVA?
Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-
oriented programming language designed for
having lesser implementation dependencies. It is a
computing platform for application development.
Java is fast, secure, and reliable, therefore. It is
widely used for developing Java applications in
laptops, data centers, game consoles, scientific
supercomputers, cell phones, etc.
What is Java Platform?
Java Platform is a collection of programs that
help programmers to develop and run Java
programming applications efficiently. It includes
an execution engine, a compiler, and a set of
libraries in it. It is a set of computer software and
specifications. James Gosling developed the Java
platform at Sun Microsystems, and the Oracle
Corporation later acquired it.
What is Java used for?
Here are some important Java applications:

• It is used for developing Android Apps
• Helps you to create Enterprise Software
• Wide range of Mobile java Applications
• Scientific Computing Applications
• Use for Big Data Analytics
• Java Programming of Hardware devices
• Used for Server-Side Technologies like Apache, JBoss, GlassFish,
etc.
History of Java Programming Language
• The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive
television, but it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television
industry at the time. The history of Java starts with the Green Team. Java team
members (also known as Green Team), initiated this project to develop a language
for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc. However, it was best suited
for internet programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated by Netscape.
• The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple, Robust, Portable,
Platform-independent, Secured, High Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture
Neutral, Object-Oriented, Interpreted, and Dynamic". Java
• wasdeveloped by James Gosling, who is known as the father of Java, in 1995. James
Gosling and his team members started the project in the early '90s.
History of Java contd.
Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-

business solutions, etc. Following are given significant points that describe the
history of Java.
1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java
language project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green
Team.
2) Initially it was designed for small, embedded systems
in electronic appliances like set-top boxes.
3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and the file extension
was .gt.
4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.
Why Java was named as "Oak"?
Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of

strength and chosen as a national tree
of many countries like the U.S.A.,
France, Germany, Romania, etc.
In 1995, Oak was renamed
as "Java" because it was already a
trademark by Oak Technologies.
Why Java Programming named "Java"?
Why had they chose the name Java for Java language? The team gathered to choose a new name.
The suggested words were "dynamic", "revolutionary", "Silk", "jolt", "DNA", etc. They wanted
something that reflected the essence of the technology: revolutionary, dynamic, lively, cool, unique,
and easy to spell, and fun to say.
According to James Gosling, "Java was one of the top choices along with Silk". Since Java was so
unique, most of the team members preferred Java than other names.
Java is an island in Indonesia where the first coffee was produced (called Java coffee). It is a kind of
espresso bean. Java name was chosen by James Gosling while having a cup of coffee nearby his
office.
Notice that Java is just a name, not an acronym.
Initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems
(which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995.
In 1995, Time magazine called Java one of the Ten Best Products of 1995.
JDK 1.0 was released on January 23, 1996. After the first release of Java, there have been many
additional features added to the language. Now Java is being used in Windows applications, Web
applications, enterprise applications, mobile applications, cards, etc. Each new version adds new
features in Java.
Java Versions
1. JDK Alpha and Beta (1995) 1. Java SE 10 (20th Mar 2018)
2. JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan 1996) 2. Java SE 11 (September 2018)
3. JDK 1.1 (19th Feb 1997) 3. Java SE 12 (March 2019)
4. J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec 1998) 4. Java SE 13 (September 2019)
5. J2SE 1.3 (8th May 2000) 5. Java SE 14 (Mar 2020)
6. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb 2002) 6. Java SE 15 (September 2020)
7. J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep 2004) 7. Java SE 16 (Mar 2021)
8. Java SE 6 (11th Dec 2006) 8. Java SE 17 (September 2021)
9. Java SE 7 (28th July 2011) 9. Java SE 18 (to be released by March
2022)
10.Java SE 8 (18th Mar 2014)
11.Java SE 9 (21st Sep 2017)
Java Features
Here are some important Java features:

• It is one of the easy-to-use programming languages to learn.
• Write code once and run it on almost any computing platform.
• Java
is platform-independent. Some programs developed in one
machine can be executed in another machine.
• It is designed for building object-oriented applications.
• It is a multithreaded language with automatic memory management.
• It is created for the distributed environment of the Internet.
• Facilitates distributed computing as its network-centric.
Components Of Java Programming Language
• A JavaProgrammer writes a program in a human-readable language called Source
Code. Therefore, the CPU or Chips never understand the source code written in
any programming language.
• These computers or chips understand only one thing, which is called machine
language or code. These machine codes run at the CPU level. Therefore, it would
be different machine codes for other models of CPU.
• However, you need to worry about the machine code, as programming is all about
the source code. The machine understands this source code and translates them
into machine understandable code, which is an executable code.
• All these functionalities happen inside the following 3 Java platform components:
Java Development kit (JDK)
DK is a software development environment used for making applets and Java

applications. The full form of JDK is Java Development Kit. Java developers can use
it on Windows, macOS, Solaris, and Linux. JDK helps them to code and run Java
programs. It is possible to install more than one JDK version on the same computer.
Why use JDK?
Here are the main reasons for using JDK:
• JDK contains tools required to write Java programs and JRE to execute them.
• It includes a compiler, Java application launcher, Appletviewer, etc.
• Compiler converts code written in Java into byte code.
• Java
application launcher opens a JRE, loads the necessary class, and executes its
main method.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM):
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an engine that provides a runtime environment to drive the
Java Code or applications. It converts Java bytecode into machine language. JVM is a part
of the Java Run Environment (JRE). In other programming languages, the compiler
produces machine code for a particular system. However, the Java compiler produces code
for a Virtual Machine known as Java Virtual Machine.
Why JVM?
Here are the important reasons of using JVM:
• JVM provides a platform-independent way of executing Java source code.
• It has numerous libraries, tools, and frameworks.
• Once you run a Java program, you can run on any platform and save lots of time.
• JVM comes with JIT (Just-in-Time) compiler that converts Java source code into low-
level machine language. Hence, it runs faster than a regular application.
Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
JRE is a piece of software that is designed to run other software. It contains

the class libraries, loader class, and JVM. In simple terms, if you want to
run a Java program, you need JRE. If you are not a programmer, you don’t
need to install JDK, but just JRE to run Java programs.
Why use JRE?
Here are the main reasons of using JRE:
• JRE contains class libraries, JVM, and other supporting files. It does not
include any tool for Java development like a debugger, compiler, etc.
• It
uses important package classes like math, swing, util, lang, awt, and
runtime libraries.
• If you have to run Java applets, then JRE must be installed in your system.
Different Types of Java Platforms
Different Types of Java Platforms
There are four different types of Java programing language platforms:
• 1. Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE): Java SE’s API offers the Java programming language’s core
functionality. It defines all the basis of type and object to high-level classes. It is used for networking, security,
database access, graphical user interface (GUI) development, and XML parsing.
• 2. Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE): The Java EE platform offers an API and runtime
environment for developing and running highly scalable, large-scale, multi-tiered, reliable, and secure network
applications.
• 3. Java Programming Language Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME): The Java ME platform offers an API
and a small-footprint virtual machine running Java programming language applications on small devices, like
mobile phones.
• 4. Java FX: JavaFX is a platform for developing rich internet applications using a lightweight user-interface
API. It user hardware-accelerated graphics and media engines that help Java take advantage of higher-
performance clients and a modern look-and-feel and high-level APIs for connecting to networked data sources.
-END OF PRESENTATION-

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Java Fundamentals

Here are some important Java applications:

Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-

Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of

Notice that Java is just a name, not an acronym.

Initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems

(which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995.

Here are some important Java features:

DK is a software development environment used for making applets and Java

JRE is a piece of software that is designed to run other software. It contains

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