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HCI Chapter 1

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149 views

HCI Chapter 1

Uploaded by

Aschenaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One

INTRODUCTION
Outline
• Introduction
• What is HCI?
– The HCI Challenge
– HCI is Not about
– HCI is about
• The goals of HCI
• What is Usability?
• Why is usability important?
– It is not Simple to Make Good User Interfaces
• Examples of good and bad design
Introduction
• Interacting with technology has become an essential part of
everyday life for the majority of people.

• The average user of a computer system is now less likely to


understand the technology. Since, there are different types of
technology they have to use.

• People are busy and may spend little or no time actually learning a
new system.
• Therefore, computer systems should be easy to use, easy to learn,
and with no errors.

• To design and develop of such a system is a major concern of HCI


HCI Definition
• Human-computer interaction (HCI): “is a discipline concerned
with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive
systems for human use and with study of major phenomena
surrounding them.”
• HCI is the study of interaction between people (users) and
computers.

• Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user


interface.

• The golden principle in HCI is that “people should come first”.


HCI consists of three parts:
• Human: could be an individual user or a group of
users.
• Computer: could be any technology ranging from the
general desktop computer to a large scale computer
system.
• Interaction: any direct or indirect communication
between a human and computer.
Challenge of HCI
HCI is Not about
• Making the interface look pretty

• Only about desktop computers (and that goes


for computing as well!)

• Something that would be nice to do but usually


there’s no time for it
HCI is about

• Understanding the users

• Understanding users tasks


• Understanding the surrounding environment

• GUI requirements gathering and analysis

• Design prototype

• Evaluate the system


The goals of HCI
• The goal of HCI “is to develop or improve the safety, utility,
effectiveness, efficiency and usability of system.”
• The goals of HCI are to produce usable and safe systems, as
well as functional systems.
• In order to fulfill that, developers must attempt to:
– Understand how people use technology
– Building suitable systems
– Achieve efficient, effective, and safe interaction
– Put people first
People needs, capabilities and preferences should come first.
 People should not have to change the way that they use a system.
Instead, the system should be designed to match their requirements.
Relationship of HCI to other disciplines

Introduction to HCI
HCI is a multidisciplinary field – HCI draws expertise from a number
of different areas of study.
1. Prototyping and and iterative development from software
engineering
Design is seen as opportunistic, concrete, and necessarily iterative. By
providing techniques to quickly construct, evaluate, and change partial
solutions, prototyping has become a fulcrum for system development.

Introduction to HCI
2. Software psychology and human factors of computing systems
This work addressed a wide assortment of questions about people
experienced and how they perform when they interact with computers.
It studied how system response time affects productivity, how people
specify and refine queries, etc.
3. User interface software from computer graphics
Before the 1960s, the focus of computing was literally on
computations, not on intelligibly presenting the results.
4. Models, theories and frameworks from cognitive science
These include the disciplined of linguistics, anthropology, philosophy,
psychology, and computer science.

Introduction to HCI
What is Usability?
• A UI is good or bad in relation to its usability.
• usability measures how well users can use the system’s functionality.
• A usable system is:
– easy to use

– easy to learn
– easy to remember how to use
– effective to use
– efficient to use
– safe to use

– enjoyable to use
UI Are Hard to Design and Build

• Most software engineering is about

communicating with other programmers.

• UI is about communicating with users

• User interface takes a lot of software

development effort.
Why is usability important?

A Good user-interface can:

1. Earn a company billions.

2. Increase users loyalty.

3. Increase users trust.

4. Makes users happy.


A Bad user-interface can:

1. be annoying, embarrassing, frustrating, and even


deadly.

2. Increase mistakes in data entry and system


operation.

3. Makes functions become completely inaccessible.

4. System failure because of user rejection.


The Importance of Good UI Design

• “Good” UI is
 Easy to learn, effective to use, easy to understand.
 Encourages an easy, natural, and attractive interaction between a user
and a system.
 Allows users to carry out their required tasks.

• User interface strongly affects perception of software


 Usable software sells better
 Unusable web sites are abandoned/ignored

• Perception is sometimes superficial


 Users blame themselves for UI failings
The Problems of Poor or Bad UI
• If UI are confusing and inefficient, people will have greater difficulty doing
their jobs and will make more mistakes.
• Poor UI design
– may cause some people away from a system permanently.
– can lead to Dissatisfaction, frustration, and increased stress.
– can have a huge financial cost to users and organizations.
• Design it correctly, or pay for it later.

• A critical system, such as one used in air traffic control or in a nuclear


power plant, may compromise the safety of its users and/or the general
public.
Usability

• A UI is good or bad in relation to its usability.


• usability measures how well users can use the system’s
functionality.
• Dimensions of usability
Learnability: is it easy to learn?
Efficiency: once learned, is it fast to use?
Memorability: is it easy to remember what you learned?
Errors: are errors few and recoverable?
Satisfaction: is it enjoyable to use?
Examples of Good and Bad Design
Transparency (human–computer interaction)
• Any change in a computing system, such as new
feature or new component is transparent.
Types of transparency:
• Access transparency-regardless of how resources access
and representation has to be performed on each
individual computing entity. The user of a distributed
system should always access in a single uniform way.
• Location transparency- a user of distributed system
should not have to be aware of where a resource is
physically located.
• Migration transparency-user should not be aware of
whether a resource or computing entity possesses the
ability to move to different physical or logical location.
Cont..
• Relocation transparency-should a resource move while
in use this should no be noticeable to the end user
• Replication transparency-if a resource is replicated
among several location. It should be appear as a single
resource.
• Concurrent transparency- while multiple user may
share a single resource. This should not be apparent to
any of them
• Failure transparency-always try to hide any failure or
recovery of computing entity.

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