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    Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation - I&C

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    Widodo Hadi Prabowo
    This document discusses gas turbine power plant instrumentation and control. It explains that a gas turbine converts the energy from combusting fuel and air into mechanical energy. The control system controls critical elements like fuel, air, temperature, and speed during various operating modes from startup to shutdown. Sensors provide inputs to measure parameters like pressure, temperature and speed. Controllers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) function like the brain to control outputs like valves and motors. The control system aims to meet requirements for speed, load, temperature and emissions while protecting against unsafe conditions. Advanced condition monitoring uses statistical models and machine learning to provide early alarms before issues worsen.

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    Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation - I&C

    Uploaded by

    Widodo Hadi Prabowo
    115 views14 pages
    This document discusses gas turbine power plant instrumentation and control. It explains that a gas turbine converts the energy from combusting fuel and air into mechanical energy. The control system controls critical elements like fuel, air, temperature, and speed during various operating modes from startup to shutdown. Sensors provide inputs to measure parameters like pressure, temperature and speed. Controllers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) function like the brain to control outputs like valves and motors. The control system aims to meet requirements for speed, load, temperature and emissions while protecting against unsafe conditions. Advanced condition monitoring uses statistical models and machine learning to provide early alarms before issues worsen.

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    This document discusses gas turbine power plant instrumentation and control. It explains that a gas turbine converts the energy from combusting fuel and air into mechanical energy. The control system controls critical elements like fuel, air, temperature, and speed during various operating modes from startup to shutdown. Sensors provide inputs to measure parameters like pressure, temperature and speed. Controllers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) function like the brain to control outputs like valves and motors. The control system aims to meet requirements for speed, load, temperature and emissions while protecting against unsafe conditions. Advanced condition monitoring uses statistical models and machine learning to provide early alarms before issues worsen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    115 views14 pages

    Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation - I&C

    Uploaded by

    Widodo Hadi Prabowo
    This document discusses gas turbine power plant instrumentation and control. It explains that a gas turbine converts the energy from combusting fuel and air into mechanical energy. The control system controls critical elements like fuel, air, temperature, and speed during various operating modes from startup to shutdown. Sensors provide inputs to measure parameters like pressure, temperature and speed. Controllers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) function like the brain to control outputs like valves and motors. The control system aims to meet requirements for speed, load, temperature and emissions while protecting against unsafe conditions. Advanced condition monitoring uses statistical models and machine learning to provide early alarms before issues worsen.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 14

    Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation

    INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL (I&C)


    Gas Turbine – Working Principle
    The gas turbine converts the energy released
    in the combustion process of the fuel gas and
    air into mechanical energy in the turbine shaft
    (work).

    In this session we will focusing in how to


    control gas turbine during its operation.
    What is Automation/Control?
    A machine’s automation system is the technical counterpart to the actions of the human body:
    Instrumentation and Control
    System Input
    Human Body Automation

    • five sense • pressure, temperature, flow, photoelectric, inductive,


    capacitive, position/distance measurement sensors,
    vibration sensors, camera
    Instrumentation and Control
    System Logic

    Human Body Automation

    • Brain • Controller, PLC, DCS


    Instrumentation and Control
    System Output

    Human Body Automation

    • Muscle • Valves, drives, motors


    Gas Turbine – Control Principle
    Control System is designed to fulfilled all gas
    turbine control duty:
    ◦ Fuel gas (or any other fuel) control
    ◦ Inlet air control
    ◦ Water/steam injection control

    To meet requirement of the speed, load control


    (part load, full load), temperature control and
    emission control.
    Also provide first line protection of gas turbine
    system against unsafe and adverse operating
    condition.
    Fire Triangle
    In simple, to control gas turbine we have to control 3
    elements of the fire triangle.
    ◦ Oxygen  control inlet air
    ◦ Fuel  control the fuel gas
    ◦ Heat  control the ignition and combustion
    temperature

    Those 3 elements shall be control during all


    operation mode:
    ◦ Start up
    ◦ Full speed no load (FSNL)
    ◦ Part Load
    ◦ Full Load
    ◦ Over firing
    ◦ Load rejection
    ◦ Shut down & cool down
    “Simplified”
    Control System
    Important Components:
    ◦ IGV (inlet guide vane)
    ◦ FCV (fuel control valve)
    ◦ EGT (exhaust gas temperature)
    ◦ Speed sensor – measure shaft speed
    ◦ Wattmeter – measure GT load
    Protective System Function
    The protective system provide protection
    during the following events:
    ◦ Overspeed
    ◦ Overtemperature
    ◦ Vibration
    ◦ Loss of Flame
    ◦ Loss of lubrication
    ◦ Fire (protection and suppression)
    Gas Turbine System
    Observed Operation Parameter
    Fuel System Inlet and Compressor Section Turbine and Exhaust Section

    1. Fuel flow and Pressure include pressure 1. Inlet pressure and temperature. 1. Turbine speed
    drop.
    2. Outlet (discharge) pressure and 2. Wheel space temperature
    2. Fuel Temperature. temperature.
    3. Variable nozzle position
    3. Bleed valve position.
    3. Fuel manifold pressure and temperature. 4. Inlet and Exhaust temperature
    4. Air filter pressure drop.
    Lube Oil System 5. Vibration
    5. Compressor speed.
    4. Lube oil tank temperature. Electrical system
    6. Vibration
    5. Lube oil header temperature and pressure. 6. Load (MW)
    6. Lube oil filter differential pressure. 7. Voltage

    7. Lube oil tank level. 8. Current

    8. Bearing metal temperature. 9. Frequency


    Instrumentation & Control
    Failure Mode & Preventive Maintenance

    What could go wrong with How to prevent that?


    instrumentation: ◦ Calibration (online/offline)
    ◦ Wrong indication (drift, offset) ◦ Control Loop Checks (offline)
    ◦ Freeze value ◦ Function Test (offline)
    ◦ Wrong valve opening ◦ Physical Instrumentation checks (online)
    ◦ Valve jammed ◦ Online Diagnostic & Condition Monitoring
    ◦ Controller Error ◦ Smart sensor
    ◦ ◦ Analytics data platform
    Short/broken fuse
    ◦ Digital connectivity
    ◦ Leak instrument air
    Instrumentation & Control
    Advance Condition Monitoring
    Statistical model with advanced
    Artificial Intelligent (AI) /
    Machine Learning can provide
    necessary alarm before the
    condition worsen.
    It simulate the estimate value
    and monitor the gap between
    estimate and actual. It will
    trigger alarm based on the gap.
    Such alarm can be triggered far
    below static alarm threshold,
    and provide enough time for
    operation team to take action.
    Control Network

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