Group 2

Art of Emerging Europe

 Group Leader : Jecel Dequito

Members:
 April Rose Ardonia Lama
 Christian Jake Bangos
 Donnabel Israel Paman
 Karl Macky R. Jordan
 Gleamie Rose Sangalan
 Neiker Tribiano
 Content
• Ancient Greece • Realism
• Ancient Rome • Impressionism
• Middle Ages • Post-Impressionism
• Renaissance Art • Neo-Impressionism
• Mannerism • Art Nouveau
• Baroque and the Rococo • Fauvism
• Neoclassism • Cubism
• Romanticism • Futurism
 Learning Outcomes
By the ends of this lesson, you should be able to:
1.) Identify the major periods In Western Arts History
2.) Compare and Contrast the artworks produced during the different time periods and
art movements; and.
3.) Discuss the Importance of art to the development of Western Culture
Art of Emerging Europe
- Art has been an integral part of European History. From the time of ancient
civilizations like the Greeks and the Romans all the way to the modern times, art
has been used to communicate ideologies and belief system prevalent within
their context. Greek and Roman Civilizations were also known as the Classical World
because both cultures aimed to embody the highest possible standard of quality in all
aspects of their societies. When it comes to both art and architecture, both civilizations
intended beauty. The influence and impact of both classical worlds are far-reaching.
Most art movement have taken inspiration from the certain artistic elements from the
two civilizations. There are different art movements emerged within the different time
periods in Europe. Each movement has distinctive characteristic to them highlighting the
different trends and changes as they transition from one period to the next.
 Ancient Greece

The Greek were known to excel in various

fields and aspects of society. They also
valued poetry, drama, and philosophy, which
remain interesting fields of study for the
contemporary times. For those who want to
be involved in the arts-painting, sculpture,
and architecture-one required to have an a
certain skills sets and body of knowledge.
• The Greek were known to place prime importance in the use of reason. For this civilization, man was at the center of
society and how they trained their minds could be the foundation of how they lives their lives. The humanities ideals of the
Greek were reflected in their democratic form of government. This certain level of freedom was also reflected in their
artworks, architecture, literature, and philosophy. The Greek were notably passionate about natural phenomenon and
believed that nature should be in perfect order. These principles, belief systems, and ideologies are at the core of Greek art
and architecture.

• Classical, and Hellenistic. The Geometric Period was a time when Greece was starting to get back from the onslaught of
what seemed to be their Dark Ages. It was a period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken yhe spotlight in most of
the artworks. The Archaic Period, on the other hand, placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a result of
Greece's trading activities with other civilizations. The peak of Greek Sculpture and architecture was during the Classical
Period. It was during this time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their templates and focusing on creating
artworks. The time of Alexander the Great was called the Hellenistic Period. During this time, art was primarily focused on
showcasing emotions and depicting reality. Hellenistic sculptures started to emphasize balance while showcasing dynamic
poses and a number of emotions evoked by the subjects. One of the famous Hellenistic sculptures is the " Locoon and His
Son". The sculpture depicts Locoon, a Trojan Priest, and his sons being strangled by serpents. Their position was a result of
Locoon's instruction during the Trojan War. He instructed to keep the gates of troy locked up because he felt that the
wooden horse offered by the Greeks as a gift to Athena was a trick. Poseidon, the Greek God of the sea was enraged by such
 Ancient Rome
The Roman Republic was established around 500 BCE. This
civilization eventually transformed into one of the Western
Europe's mightiest empires. Since they had expanded and
covered many territories, they interacted with neighboring
civilizations, particularly with the Greeks It can be said that
Roman civilization came of age during Hellenistic Period. As
mentioned earlier, it was a period when the Greek culture's
influence had reached its peak in the Mediterranean world.
The Romans were fond of the Greeks and their achievements
in the arts. The fusion of Greek and Roman cultures can be
seen in most Roman artworks. Some would argue that the
Romans merely copied Greek art. This eventually made the
Romans produce artworks that are often looking stern, harsh,
and strong. They also invoked the principles of realism in
most of their works, highlighting the features of human
beings. Aside from this, the Romans were also known to be
master builders, which earned their reputation for grand
monuments and architectural infrastructure.
 Middle Ages
 As the term donates, it is the period between the decline of the Roman Empire and
the Renaissance. It was a period that is characterized by ignorance and darkness.
Another dominant characteristic of the period was that the Church was the central
figure and authority of the period. Since the Church was the most important figure,
the most important products of the early Middle Ages would have to be copied of the
Christian scriptures. The printing press came later after the Middle Ages, so copies of
the scriptures were done by hand. These copies were also done with illustrations and
decorations which highlight the religious focus of the period. During this time, great
cathedrals were also built. These cathedrals can be categorized into two periods:
Romanesque (1050-1200), inspired by the old Roman Empire; and Gothic (1200-
1500), which had a more northern flavor from the Goths-vulgar and barbarian.
 Renaissance Art
 During the Renaissance Period, artists valued the "individual" as a subjects of
arts. The influence of humanism shifted the focus of some artworks during
the Renaissance Period to empower the "individual". Most artworks
emphasized naturalism, which was also an influence of humanism since there
was a great emphasis on the proportionality of the human body. Most artist
added perspective of depth wherein spaces were explored in different
artworks. This technique provided a three-dimensional perspective of most
Renaissance artists also gave importance to non-religious themes or subjects.
This was also brought by the privatizations of the art during the Renaissance
Period, however most artworks remained religious in its focus and theme.
 Roman Theatrical
Plays

During the Renaissance Period, there was also

a revival of Roman theatrical plays. These
plays were performed during special occasion
at the courts of Italian princes. The plays were
done in such a way that showcased grand and
lavish entertainment for the audience. Aside
from the song and dance numbers, they
invested in elaborate stages and costumes for
the actors. Eventually, this would lead to
Italy's opera, which have greatly influenced
their tradition of popular theater.
 Mannerism
 was a period in art history, which was a product of the
Renaissance Period. During the Renaissance, artistic would
observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their
observations. As the Renaissance ended, artists started directly
copying subjects from existing works of arts. Most artworks
during this period displayed distorted figures, two-dimentional
spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack defined focal point.
 Baroque and the
Rococo
The term "baroque" is derived from the Portuguese term “barocco” which is translated as
"irregularly shaped pearl". This is a suitable description that Rome was the birthplace of the
Baroque Period, which according to some historians was a response to Protestantism. This
period roughly spanned from 1600 to 1750. Although it was a period following the
Renaissance, it can be said that a lot of artists have developed styles and techniques from their
Renaissance predecessors. Most artists used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their works.
This was a time when Italy in particularly, strengthened not only their period, which became
very much evident in the artworks produced during this time. Motion and space were taken into
consideration by artists like the use of dramatic lighting and the concept of time.

Aside from art, music also flourished during the Baroque Period. This is because people
believed that music could serve as powerful tool to communicate messages that can evoke
certain feelings among its listeners. Baroque music was able to clearly distinguish loud from
soft and solo from ensemble. Since the birthplace of this period was in Rome, it did not come as
a surprise that most composers come from Italy. This include Vivaldy, Corelli, and Monteverde.
Eventually, the influence of Baroque music spread outside Italy and reached other parts of
Europe. Other well-known Baroque composers include Germany's Bach and Handel. Since
Baroque composers, through their works, try to evoke certain emotions from their audience,
they began to make more complex musical compositions and performances. However, it can be
noted that initially, this kind of music was limited only to powerful institutions like the church
and individuals like the patrons. Eventually, such performances would be made accessible to
the middle class and the masses.
Neoclassism
There seems to be a debate among historians as to the
beggining of modern art. There are accounts that would
attribute for the emergence of this kind of art during the
French Revolution in 1789. However, other historians claim
that it was the year 1863 when there was an emergence of
modern painting exhibitions. Neoclassicism was a
movement in Europe that inspired during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries. It was the dominant art movement that
time which basically aimed to revive and rekindle the
influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture.
The ancient Greek and Europeans had placed emphasis of
human reason and keeping society in order. These very
principles were also the dominant principles during the
Enlightenment Period. Some historians would also say that
this movement was a reaction to the artworks produced
during the Baroque Period. There was a call to veer away
from such extravagance in terms of style and form of the
Baroque Period.
Romanticism
Romanticism, as an art movement, used central
themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard.
Romanticists have high lightened heroic elements
into their work. During the Age of Revolutions,
there has been a tremendous focus on patriotic and
nationalistic movements. One of the major
revolutions in history would be the French
Revolution. Such revolutionary movements became
the focal point of most Romantic works.
The major and central themes of Romanticism
movement include the emphasis on the goodness of
mankind. Most works also promoted justice,
equality, and social order. Artists also emphasized
emotions and feelings of man, which was a deviation
from the humanist principles of rationalism.
Realism
Realism as a style of work focuses on the accuracy of details
that depicts and somehow mirrors reality. There is little
room for imagination in this movement since emphasis is
placed in observable traits that can concretize through
artworks. Realism was heavily influenced by Hellenistic
Greek culture since most artworks during that period placed
emphasis on the human body. Realism as a modern
movement in art veered from traditional forms of art. In a
way, it revolutionized themes and techniques in paintings. In
addition, this movement also expanded and widened
existing notions of what can be considered as art. Since
artist worked within the context of revolutions and social
change, artistic works began to depict real-life events.
Idealistic concept and images were replaced by real
manifestations of society. There is a move to combine both
art and life in artistic work since the modern world were
suitable for subjects of art. This movement also reexamined
existing beliefs systems and traditions.
Impressionism
The impressionism movement started in
France, which led to a break from the tradition
in European painting . Impressionism is a style
of painting that emerged the mid to late 1800s.
Impressionist artists incorporated scientific
principles to achieve a more distinct
representation of color. The distinctive
characteristic of this style is that it allows the
artist to emphasize the immediate impression
he has of a particular event or scene. The said
impression is communicated by the artist
through his work and can be seen through the
brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and the
lights and shadow used by the artist.
Post-Impressionism
It is an art movement that emerged in France,
which is a result of both the influence and
rejection of Impressionism. Most artists that
belong to this movement started off as
impressionists but later on saw the inherent
limitations and flaws of Impressionism. This
eventually led to the development of individual
style that gave emphasis to defining from with the
use of broken colors and short brush stroke. Some
of the famous post-impressionism artists include
Paul Cezanne, Geoges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and
Vincent van Gogh, among others. Most of the
works of the said painters became the framework
of the contemporary techniques and trends during
the 20th century.
Neo-Impressionism
As an art movement, neo-impressionism is
considered as a response to empirical realism of
impressionism. Most painters who subscribe such
movement rely on a systematic and scientific
techniques that have a predetermined visual effect
not only on the art work itself but also how the
audience perceive the art. The leading figure in
scientific manner. His color theories paved the
way for the technique called pointillism. This art
technique basically utilized discrete dot and
dashes of pure color These elements are believed
to blend with the viewer's perspective. Aside from
Seurat, other neo-impressionist artists include
Henri-Edmond Cross, Maximilien Luce, and
Camille Pissarro, among others.
Art Nouveau
Between 1890 and 1910, centuries from Europe
and the United States witnessed the emergence
and flourishing of a new art style. This
ornamental style of art was a break from the
conservative historicism, which was the
prevailing and dominant theme of most Western
artworks. This ornamental style uses long and
organic lines that are concretely manifested in
architecture, jewelry and glass design, among
others. In most works, the defining characteristic
of Art Nouveau is the asymmetrical line that
usually is in the form of insect wings or flower
stalks. The line is done in such a graceful and
elegant manner that somehow evokes a certain
power to it.
Fauvism
this is a style of painting that emerged in France
around the turn of the 20th century. What makes
fauvists revolutionary is that they used pure and
vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint tubes
directly to the canvas. This is done to produced a sense
of explosion of colors in the canvas. The fauves, just
like impressionists, painted directly from nature. The
difference lies with how the fauves have this strong
and expressive reaction to hoe they portray their
subjects. Most fauvists work reject the conservative
and traditional renderings of three-dimensional space.
What artists did was they introduced and promoted a
picture space that is defined by the movement of the
colors
Cubism
between 1907 and 1914, French artists Pablo
Picasso and Georges Braque introduced a new
visual arts style called cubism This style would
later on have a huge influence on artists during
the 20th century. Cubists highlighted the two-
dimensional of the picture plane. Focusing on a
flat surface was a rejection of the dominant
techniques like the use perspective,
foreshortening, and modeling. In addition, one of
the things that cubism rejected was the existing
and prevailing notion that art should imitate
nature. Cubists emphasized that they are not in
any way obliged to copy texture, form, color, and
space. They presented a new depiction of reality
that may appear fragmented objects for viewers
Futurism
It is an early 20th century art movement that
started in Italy, which highlighted the speed,
energy, dynamism, and power of machines. In
addition, common themes for works in this
movement and restlessness and the fast-pace
of modern life. Later on, the movement's
influence branched out not only in Europe but
also in Russia. The greatest impact of
futurism is evident in poetry and visual arts.