Anatomy of The Digestive System I Tim Anatomi Fkik Unja: Dr. Asro Hayani Harahap

ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
TIM ANATOMI FKIK UNJA

dr. Asro Hayani Harahap
Composed of two separate categories of organs
 Digestive organs (digestive tract or alimentary
canal)
 Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine

 Accessory digestive organs
 Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder,
and pancreas.
 Digestive organs (digestive tract or alimentary
canal)
 Oral cavity
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small intestine
 Large intestine
Oral Cavity
 Vestibule  space
between the cheeks or
lips and the gums.
 Oral cavity proper 
lies central to the alveolar
processes of the mandible
and maxillae.
 The hard palate is formed by the palatine
processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates
of the palatine bones
 The soft palate is composed mainly of skeletal
muscle and glandular tissue, but no bone.
Pharynx
 Consists of three
regions 
nasopharynx,
oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx
Esophagus
 A tubular passageway for swallowed materials being
conducted from the pharynx to the stomach
 About 25 cm (10 in.) long and 2 cm (0.80 in.)
wide
 Begin  between vertebra C6 and the cricoid
cartilage of the larynx

 Passing downward through the mediastinum, the
esophagus penetrates the diaphragm 

esophageal hiatus
 Intraperitoneal
 Stomach, part of the
duodenum, the jejunum

and the ileum, the cecum,
the appendix, and the
transverse and sigmoid
colon of the large intestine.
 Retroperitoneal
 Most of the duodenum, the
pancreas, the ascending

and descending colon, and
the rectum
 The mesenteries are folds of peritoneum that
support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract
organs.
Stomach
 J-shaped muscular bag
 4 regions :
 The cardiac region (cardia) : is the small area within
about 3 cm of the cardiacorifice

 The fundic region (fundus) : is the dome-shaped
portion superior to the esophageal attachment.

 The body (corpus) : the greatest part of the stomach
distal to the cardiac orifice

 The pyloric region : is a slightly narrower pouch at the
distal end
 2 curvatures
 Major curvature : from esophagus to duodenum
on the lateral to inferior aspect

 Lesser curvature : from esophagus to duodenum
along the medial to superior

Small Intestine
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
 Duodenum
• ± 25 cm (10 inches) long
• C-shape
• Begins at the pyloric sphincter and ends at a sharp
bend called the duodenojejunal flexure

• Major duodenal papilla  the bile and
pancreatic ducts open into the intestine

• Minor duodenal papilla  accessory pancreatic
duct.
 Four parts: Pars superior, pars descendens, pars
horizontalis, and pars ascendens.
 Plicae circulares (KERCKRING's fold s) : to
increase the absorptive
 The Pars ascendens  M. Suspensorius duodeni
(muscle o f TREITZ)
 Jejunum
 Is the middle segment of small intestine
 2.5 meters long
 Is the location of most
 Chemical digestion
 Nutrient absorption
 Has few plicae circulares
 Ileum
 The final segment of small intestine
 3.5 meters (11.48 ft) long
 Intraperitoneal and suspended in the abdomen by the
mesentery proper.
Large Intestine
 The Cecum
 Is an expanded pouch
 Receives material arriving from the ileum
 Separated from the terminal ileum by the ileo
caecal valve (Valva ileocaecalis, BAUHIN's
valve)
 Stores materials and begins compaction
 Attached to the lower end of the cecum is the
appendix
 The Colon
 Has a larger diameter and thinner wall than small
intestine
 The wall of the colon
 Forms a series of pouches (haustra)

 Four segments: the ascending colon, transverse
colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

 Ascending Colon
 Begins at superior border of cecum
 Ascends along right lateral and posterior wall of peritoneal cavity
to inferior surface of the liver and bends at right colic flexure
(hepatic flexure)
 Transverse Colon
 Crosses abdomen from right to left; turns at left colic flexure
(splenic flexure)
 Is supported by transverse mesocolon
 Is separated from anterior abdominal wall by greater omentum
 The Descending Colon
 Proceeds inferiorly along left side to the iliac fossa (inner
surface of left ilium)
 Is retroperitoneal, firmly attached to abdominal wall
 The Sigmoid Colon
 Is an S-shaped segment, about 15 cm (6 in.) long
 Starts at sigmoid flexure
 Lies posterior to urinary bladder
 Is suspended from sigmoid mesocolon
 Empties into rectum
 The Rectum
 Forms last 15 cm (6 in.) of digestive tract
 Is an expandable organ for temporary storage of
feces
 Movement of fecal material into rectum triggers
urge to defecate
 Anus
 Also called anal orifice
 Is exit of the anal canal
 Has keratinized epidermis like skin
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ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I

TIM ANATOMI FKIK UNJA

intestine, and large intestine

 Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder,

cartilage of the larynx

esophagus penetrates the diaphragm 

duodenum, the jejunum

pancreas, the ascending

about 3 cm of the cardiacorifice

portion superior to the esophageal attachment.

distal to the cardiac orifice

on the lateral to inferior aspect

along the medial to superior

• Begins at the pyloric sphincter and ends at a sharp

bend called the duodenojejunal flexure

pancreatic ducts open into the intestine

 Forms a series of pouches (haustra)

colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

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