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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
j STATE THE FUNCTION OF THE GENERATOR GAS COOLING SYSTEM
j STATE THE FUNCTION AND OPERATION OF THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS :
j A) HYDROGEN STORAGE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM
j B) HYDROGEN GAS COOLERS
j C) CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM
j D) GAS ANALYZING AND MONITORING SYSTEM
j DISCUSS THE OPERATION OF THE GENERATOR GAS COOLING
SYSTEM CONTROLS , INDICATIONS , AND ALARMS
j DESCRIBE THE START ʹ UP , NORMAL OPERATION , AND
SHUTDOWN OF THE GENERATOR GAS COOLING SYSTEM
j DESCRIBE THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE GENERATOR
GAS COOLING SYSTEM
 STATE THE FUNCTION OF THE
GENERATOR GAS SYSTEM
THE FUNCTION OF THE GENERATOR
GAS SYSTEM IS TO REMOVE THE HEAT
GENERATED INSIDE THE GENERATOR
AS THE GENERATOR PRODUCES
ELECTRICITY.
 PRIMARY FLOW PATH
THE GENERATOR GAS COOLING SYSTEM IS A CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM THAT
UTILIZES HYDROGEN GAS AS A COOLING MEDIUM AND CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
AS AN INTERMEDIATE GAS DURING GENERATOR PURGES
HYDROGEN HAS FOUR MAJOR ADVANTAGES OVER AIR FOR HEAT
REMOVAL FROM THE GENERATOR
1.0 The density of hydrogen is one ʹ fourteenth that of air . The
windage losses (caused by churning the gas around the rotor are
much less with hydrogen.
2.0 The heat removal capability of hydrogen (at operating pressure
) is about 10 times higher than that for air .
3.0 The degradation by oxidation process cannot occur , because
hydrogen is free from oxygen.
4.0 Hydrogen does not support fire which can start by arcing .

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j It is essential to prevent air & hydrogen mixture
inside the generator . Carbon dioxide is used as a
buffer gas between air and hydrogen . The processed
is called Ä
 
ÄÄ
 & degassing
carbon dioxide is normally stored as a liquid . It is
expanded to a low pressure above atmospheric . It is
also heated to prevent it from freezing due to
expansion process . CO2 is fed into the bottom of the
casing through a long perforated pipe .It displaces air
from the top via the hydrogen inlet distribution pipe
to atmosphere outside the plant station. The
proportion of CO2 in the gas passing to atmosphere
is being monitored by a gas analyzer . When the CO2
concentration becomes sufficiently high , flow of CO2
is interrupted .
 The Generator Gas Cooling System has four primary flow paths that
include the hydrogen storage and delivery system , instrument air
supply , the circulation of hydrogen gas through the generator , and
carbon dioxide storage and delivery system .Hydrogen gas is delivered
from storage bottles to the hydrogen gas header through isolation
valves . The header directs the gas through a series of pressure
reducing valves to gradually reduce the hydrogen gas pressure to the
proper generator supply pressure . Hydrogen gas at the proper
pressure is then delivered to the top of the generator through the use
of a three ʹ way valve .

Three ʹ way
valve

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
 STATE THE FUNCTION & OPERATION
OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS

j Hydrogen storage and delivery system

j Hydrogen gas coolers
j Carbon dioxide storage and delivery system
j Gas analyzing & monitoring system
 ˜
 


    
The function of the hydrogen storage and
delivery system is to provide storage for the
hydrogen gas and to supply the generator with
hydrogen gas at the proper pressure.
The hydrogen storage and delivery system
consists of hydrogen bottles, a first expansion
assembly, and second expansion assembly.
The volume of hydrogen gas necessary to fill the
generator is 360 m³. The rated daily hydrogen
leakage is 11 m³.
 ˜


The function of the hydrogen gas coolers is to remove the heat
from the hydrogen gas circulating inside the generator.
The hydrogen gas coolers are located inside the generator casing
. Two hydrogen gas coolers are located on the north end, and
two hydrogen gas coolers are located on the south end.

Hydrogen
Gas Coolers

Pulled out Hydrogen Gas

Coolers
The generator is equipped with four shell and tube type
hydrogen gas coolers (heat exchangers). The hydrogen
gas coolers have bearing cooling water flowing through
the tube side and hydrogen gas flowing through the
shell side.
As the hydrogen gas is circulated through the generator
by two single stage axial flow fans mounted on the
rotor, it picks up heat. The heated gas is then ducted
through four hydrogen gas coolers to remove heat from
the hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is ducted to flow
across the cooler tubes at a right angle. The hydrogen
gas transfers its heat through the tube metal to the
bearing cooling water flowing through them
Single Stage Axial Flow Fan
Connected to rotor
 
 
 


    
The function of the carbon dioxide storage and delivery system is
to provide storage for the liquid carbon dioxide, heat the liquid
carbon to a gas, and supply the generator with carbon dioxide
gas at the proper pressure.
The carbon dioxide storage and delivery system consists of
carbon dioxide bottles, a carbon dioxide anti-freeze unit and an
expansion assembly.

Carbon dioxide anti-freeze unit Expansion assembly



  

    
The function of the gas analyzing and monitoring system is to
measure and report the concentrations of air, carbon dioxide
gas, and hydrogen gas within the generator.
   

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Electrical, valve, and instrument valve line-ups
are performed and signed off. The Generator
Seal Oil System is in operation. All
katharometers and gas monitors are adjusted
and calibrated. All alarms are operational.
The carbon dioxide anti-freeze unit is filled with
Gilotherm Ald. All gas circuits are closed. The
generator is on turning gear or is at rest.
 a 

Air is removed from the generator by filling the generator with
carbon dioxide gas during start-up. Carbon dioxide gas is
admitted to the generator through a supply line on the bottom
of the generator casing. Because carbon dioxide is heavier (or
more dense) than air, the entering carbon dioxide gas pushes the
air upwards through an outlet connection. The air is then vented
to the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is admitted to the generator until its percentage
reaches 95 %.
After purging the air from the generator with carbon dioxide,
hydrogen gas is admitted to the generator through a top supply
line. Because hydrogen is lighter than carbon dioxide (less
dense), the entering hydrogen gas pushes the carbon dioxide
downwards through a bottom outlet connection. The carbon
dioxide is then vented to the atmosphere.
The hydrogen gas is admitted to the generator until its purity
reaches 97%.
 p  

Certain checks are performed after the
generator hydrogen filling and pressurizing
operations are completed, and the generator
has reached its normal operating speed.
The hydrogen gas pressure is maintained
3.5kg/cm², and the purity is maintained 98%.
Hydrogen is vented from the bottom of the
generator if the hydrogen purity falls below
95%.
 a 
The Generator Gas Cooling System is shutdown after the generator is
shutdown. Hydrogen gas is removed from the generator by admitting carbon
dioxide gas through a bottom supply line during plant long outages. The
carbon dioxide gas fills the generator and pushes the hydrogen gas upwards
though a top outlet connection because carbon dioxide is heavier (more
dense) than hydrogen.
Instrument air is admitted to the generator through a top supply line after the
hydrogen is purged from the generator. The air fills the generator and pushes
the carbon dioxide gas downwards through a bottom outlet connection
because air is lighter (or less dense) than carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide
is then vented to the atmosphere.
No one should enter the generator when carbon dioxide is present in the
generator.
It is important to note that after the carbon dioxide gas is purged from the
generator with air, the air inside the generator must be allowed to drop to
atmospheric pressure before any maintenance is performed on the
generator casing.
The Generator Seal Oil System must remain in service until the generator
casing is filled with air at atmospheric pressure.
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Prepared by:
Leonel A. Alolor
(Electrical Engr.)