LAW ENFORCEMENT

ADMINISTRATION
J01 Munding-Milaham Abdurahman, MAIS
5 MAJOR CATEGORIES
Police Organization and Administration
Police Personnel Management
Police Patrol Operation and Police Communication
Police Intelligence and Secret Service
Industry Security Management
You learn from your mistake,
So the more mistakes…
the more learning.
1. From among the two (2) deputy chiefs, who is the fourth in command?

A.Dep. For Administration

B. Dep. For Operation
C.Chief, for Directorial Staff
D.All of the above
2. Law that creates the Integrate national
Police?

A. R.A 4864
B. P.D 765
C.R.A 6975
D.R.A 8551
Introduction to Policing System
 ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD “POLICE”
GREEK WORD ROMAN WORD FRENCH WORD
“POLIS” “means city- “POLITIA” which “POLICE” which means
state” and another means “ condition of the person who enforced the
Greek word “ state or Government.” law and it was later
POLITEIA” which adopted by the English
means “Government of Language.
the city”
Note: Officer De La Paix -
A french term which claimed to be the origin of the term police officer.
POLICE ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION
Group of persons working together for a common goal or
objectives.
POLICE ORGANIZATION

– Group of trained
personnel in the
field of Public safety
administration.
ADMINISTRATION
– Concerned with the implementation of objectives and
plans and the internal operating efficiency.
POLICE ADMINISTRATION
– The process involved in ensuring strict compliance,
proper obedience of laws and related statutes.
Are broad statements of
general and long term
organizational purposes
often used to define the role
of each member of the
organization.
Are specific short
term statements
consistent with an
organizational
goal.
Primary or Line Functions
– include such operations
as patrol, criminal
investigation, and traffic
control, as well as
supervision of the
personnel performing
those operations.
Line (oldest) – defined by its clear
chain of command from the highest
to lowest and vice versa.
Staff Functions – are
those operations
designed to support
and assist in the
performance of the
line functions.
Auxiliary
Functions –
Involve the
logistical
operations of the
organization.
Functional – responsibilities are divided
among authorities who are all accountable to
the authority above.
Line and Staff -
( Combination of line and functional).

PNP-STATION UNIT
FUNCTIONAL UNIT IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

BUREAU LARGEST ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT WITHIN A LARGE DEPARTMENT

DIVISION PRIMARY SUBDIVISION OF A BUREAU

SECTION FUNCTIONAL UNIT WITHIN A PARTICULAR DIVISION THAT IS NECESSARY

FOR SPECIALIZATION

UNITS FUNCTIONAL GROUP WITHIN A SECTION WHERE FURTHER SPECIALIZATION

IS NEEDED.
FUNCTIONAL UNIT IN A POLICE
ORGANIZATION
TERRITORIAL UNITS

AREA Territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.

Beat Area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or mobilized.

District Geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually within its own
station.

Post Fixed point to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as designated desk or
office or an intersection.

Route A length of streets designated for patrol purposes aka “line beat”

Sector Area containing two or more beats, route or posts.

CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICE
SERVICE
HOME RULE Police are servants of the community
THEORY
Continental Police are servant of higher authorities

Old concept Police competence is based on increasing number of arrests.

Modern concept Police competence is based on decreasing number of crimes.

PRINCIPLE OF UNITY
OF SERVICE –
organization is effective if
it enables individuals to
contribute to the
organization’s objectives.
Scalar Principle – prescribed the vertical hierarchy
of organization. It defines an unbroken chain or
scale of units from top to bottom describing
explicitly the flow of authority. This principle
demands the following conditions to achieved
effective coordination;
a. Unity of command – subordinate is accountable
to one and only immediate supervisor.
b. Span of control – number of subordinates a
superior can effectively supervise.
c. Delegation of authority – growth of the chain of
command resulting in the creation of additional
1841-1925
levels in the organizational structure.
Principle of
Delegation –
authority
delegated to all
individual
managers should
be adequate.
Functional Principle – breaking up
of work units to achieve
specialization.
Line and Staff Principle –
Provide an orderly
arrangement of functions so
that objectives can be
accomplished effectively.
The line and staff principle
provides two basic
structures in organization.
Principle of Absolute Responsibility –
responsibility for actions cannot be greater
than that implied by authority delegated ,
nor should it be less.
Authority level principle
– Maintenance of
intended delegation
requires that decisions
within authority of
individual commander
should be made by
them and not be
referred upward in the
organizational structure.
EARLY POLICING SYSTEM
ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD

TUN POLICING All male residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace
SYSTEM and protect the lives and properties of the people.

HUE AND CRY A complainant goes to the middle of the street and shout to call all males to
assemble.

THE ROYAL JUDGE Conducts criminal investigation an gives punishment.

TRIAL ORDEAL Determining guilty and innocence in the ancient times which was based on
painful test of skills.
 NORMAN PERIOD OF POLICING
SHIRE-RIEVE SYSTEM
A. SHIRES – A division of 55 military areas in England under the Regime of France.
B. RIEVE – ( the head man) – The Military leader who is in-charge of the Shires.
C. SHIRE-RIEVE – it is from the word Sheriff came. A person which absolute power
that no one could questions his or her actions.

TRAVELLING JUDGE – Judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged
by the Shire-Rieve
LEGES HENRI – An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:
a. Offenses were classified as against the king and individual
b. Police men were considered public servants.
c. Police and citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduces the system called
“citizen’s arrest
A Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
Magna Carta – laws enacted upon the demand of the knights of the Round Table and
forced the king to sign the same.
 WESTMINSTER PERIOD OF POLICING
STATUTE OF Was enacted for law and order. This law introduces the
WINCHESTER system of Watch and Ward.
THE STATUTE Law prescribed the closing of the gates of London at the
sundown. Mark the beginning of curfew systems.
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE 3-4 men who were learned in the law of the land were
given authority to pursue arrest, chastise and imprison
violation of law.
COURT OF THE STAR- Special court designed to try offenders against the state.
CHAMBER
MERCHANT POLICE Employing persons to protect their property banks,
employ guards and night watchmen were hired to watch
business establishments.
PAROCHIAL POLICE Dividing the people of the cities into religious areas on
parishes and they bond together and employ their own
police to protect them and their property.
EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING
SYSTEM
SPANISH PERIOD

CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the

PUBLICA regulations of the Department of State; this was armed and
considered as the mounted police.

GUARDRILLEROS/CUARDILLO Body of rural police by the Royal Decree in 18 January 1836

GUARDIA CIVIL Created by the Royal Decree issued by the crown on

February 12, 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular
troops of their work in policing towns.
 AMEICAN PERIOD

Americans established the United States Philippine

Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first
governor general.

• On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police of Manila was

organized pursuant to Act No. 70 of the Taft Commission. This
has become the basis for the celebration on the Manila’s Finest
every January 9th

August 8, 1901- Henry T. Allen, graduate of the US Military

Academy, a regular captain but then a lieutenant colonel of a
cavalry, U.S. volunteers in the Philippines, was designated as a
first chief of a Philippine Constabulary.
1966 – Congress enacted R.A. 4864, the Police Act of 1966.
This law also created the Police Commission (POLCOM)

1972- POLCOM was organized as National Police

Commission.

1975- P.D. No. 765 was enacted. This law was known as
Police Integrated Law of 1975. The Integrated National Police
was established with the Philippine Constabulary as nucleus
under the Department of National Defense. The
NAPOLCOM, originally under the Office of the President
was transferred to the Ministry of the National defense.
1975- P.D. No. 765 was enacted. This law was known as Police
Integrated Law of 1975. The Integrated National Police was
established with the Philippine Constabulary as nucleus under the
Department of National Defense. The NAPOLCOM, originally under
the Office of the President was transferred to the Ministry of the
National defense.

1990- R.A. No. 6975 was passed on Dec. 13, 1990 established the
Philippine National Police under a reorganized Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG). A new National Police
Commission was created under DILG.

March 31, 1991- Ge. Cesaz P. Nazareno appointed as the first Chief of
the PNP.
National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998. This
act is strengthen and expanded NAPOLCOM Authority over
to PNP to include administration of police entrance
examination and conduct pre-charged investigation against
police anomalies and irregularities and summary dismissal of
erring police members. R.A. 8551

2009- R.A. No. 9708 was extending for 5 years the

reglementary period for complying with the minimum
educational qualities for appointment to the PNP and
adjusting the promotion system thereof.
CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS

Public Safety Operation

Includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operation, Fire Drills,
Earthquake drills and similar operation that promote public safety.

Law Enforcement Operation

Includes service of Warrant of Arrest, implementation of Search and
Warrant, enforcement of Visitorial Powers of the Chief PNP and Unit
Commanders, Anti-Illegal Drug Operation.

Internal Security Operation

Includes Counter-Insurgency Operations, Counter Terrorist
Operations and similar operation that are conducted to ensure
internal security.
Special Police Operation
Includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock Operation, Civil
Disturbance Management Operation, police assistance in the
enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and similar
orders, Police assistance in the implementation of Final court
order and order for Quasi-Judicial bodies.

Intelligence Operation
Includes Surveillance operation, Counter Intelligence,
Intelligence Research, Intelligence Assessment and similar
police intelligence operation conducted to gather information
related to security, public safety and order.
Investigation Operation
Includes investigation of Crime or Incident, Administrative
Investigation and similar investigate work necessary to
determine facts and circumstances for filling cases criminally
and administratively.

Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)

Processing of crime scene, technical and forensic examination
of evidences and similar scientific investigation assistance.
Department of Interior and Local Government

DILG Sec- ex officio Chairman of the

NAPOLCOM (appointed by the president)
No retired or resigned military/police official
may be appointed as Sec. within 1 year from the
date of his retirement or resignation.
Role of the PNP in Counter-Insurgency Functions (RA 8551)

Attached to the DILG for policy and program coordination.

Composed of a Chairperson, 4 regular Commissioners, and Chief of PNP as ex-

officio member.

3 of the regular commissioners shall come from the civilian sector who are neither
active nor former members of the police or military, 1 of whom shall be designated
as vice chairperson by the President.

4th regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active
or retired, provided, that an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be
considered resigned from that said agency once appointed to the Commission:
Provided further, That at least 1 of the NAPOLCOM shall be a woman.

DILG Sec. shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Commission, while the Vice
Chairperson shall act as the executive officer of the Commission.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NAPOLCOM
Commissioner Proper-composed of the offices of the Chairman and four (4) Commissioners.

Staff Services
Planning and Research Services
Provide technical services of the Commission in areas of overall policy formulation,
strategic and operational planning, management systems or procedures, evaluation and
monitoring of the Commission’s program, projects, and internal operations.

Legal Affairs Service

Provide the Commission with efficient and effective service as legal counsel of the
Commission; drafts or study contracts affecting the commission and submit appropriate
recommendations pertaining thereto; and render legal opinions arising from the administration
and operation of the PNP and the Commission.
Crime Prevention and Coordination Service
Shall undertake criminological researches and studies; formulate
a national crime prevention plan; develop a crime prevention and
information program and provide editorial direction for all
criminology research and crime prevention publications.

Personnel and Administrative Service

Shall perform personnel functions for the Commission,
administer the entrance and promotional examination of the
policemen, provide the necessary services relating to records,
correspondence, supplies, property and equipment, security and
general services, and the maintenance and utilization of the facilities,
and provide services relating to manpower, career planning and
development, personnel transactions and employee welfare.
 Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation Service
Shall conduct continuous inspection and management audit of personnel,
facilities and operations at all levels of command of the PNP, monitor the
implementation of the Commission’s programs and projects relative to the law
enforcement; and monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.

Installations and Logistics Service

Shall review the Commission’s plans and programs and formulate policies
and procedures regarding acquisitions, inventory, control, distribution,
maintenance of supplies and equipment.

Financial Service
Shall provide the Commission with the staff advice and assistance on
budgetary and financial matters.
PHILLIPINE NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
-Headed by the Chief who shall assisted by two (2) deputy chief, (1) for
administration and (1) for operation, both of whom shall be appointed by the
President. (NOTE: in no case shall any officer who has retired or is retirable
within 6 months from his compulsory retirement age be appointed as Chief of the
PNP.)

-PNP Chief shall be appointed by the President from among the senior officers
down to the rank of chief superintendent (Not exceed 4 years)

- In times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the

President may extend such term of office.

- MANNING LEVELS
- -Average nationwide 1:500
- -Minimum police-to-population ratio shall not be less than 1:1,000
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by
RA 8551
-a law enforcement agency under the DILG.
-under administrative control and operational
supervision of the National Police Commission.
-it is an organization that is national in scope
and civilian in character, as provided by Article
XVI,
Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

“The state shall establish and maintain one police

force which shall be national in scope and civilian in
character…”

-headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director

General, appointed by the President and who shall
serve a term of office of four (4) years.
NATIONAL IN SCOPE
- means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose
jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago.
- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are national
government employees.

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains
some military attributes such as discipline.
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP
-Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and
properties;
-Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
-Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;
-Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance
with the Constitution and pertinent laws;
-Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
-Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with
law;
-Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and
issue licenses to operate security agencies and to security guards and private
detectives, for the purpose of their professions.
ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
-shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy
chiefs:
-Deputy Chief for Administration.
-Deputy Chief for Operations.
-the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the
President .
-no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed
Chief .
-the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices,
provincial offices, district offices, and city or municipal stations.
 CAMP RAFAEL CRAME
-the national headquarters of the Philippine National
Police, located in Quezon City
-houses the offices of the following:
1. Chief, PNP
2. two (2) deputy chiefs
3. Chief, Directorial Staff
4. ten (10) directorial staff
5. ten (10) administrative support units
6. ten (10) operational support units
FUNCTIONAL FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION IN THE PNP
(Including all Units and NSU’s under their Respective Functional Groupings)

DPRM Personnel administration and human management; qualified officers shall

be conferred Human Resource Management Competency

DHRDD Training and education; qualified officers shall be conferred Investigation

and Detective Management Competency

DIDM Criminal Investigation and detective management; qualified officers shall

be conferred Investigation and Detective Management Competency

DI Intelligenve operations and strategic management; qualified officers shall be

conferred Intelligence management Competency
DO Operations management; qualified officers shall be conferred Operations
Management Competency
DPL Strategic planning and program management; qualified officers shall be
DPCR Police, community and media relations; qualified officers shall
be conferred Strategic Communication Management Program
DC Fiscal management and comptrollership; qualified officers shall be
conferred Comptrollership Executive Competency

DL Logistics and supply management ; qualified officers shall be

conferred Reserve and Development Management Competency
DRD Research and development management; qualified officers shall
be conferred Research and Development Management Competency

DITCM Information and communications technology management;

qualified officers shall be conferred Informations and Communications
Technology Management Competency
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENTS ( RA 8551)
-A citizen of the Philippines
- A persons of good moral conduct
- Must have pass the psychiatric/ psychological, drug and physical examination
to be administered by the PNP or by the NAPOLCOM accredited government
hospitals for the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
-must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
learning;
- must be eligible in accordance with the set by Commission;
-must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for caused from any military employment or dismissed for caused
from any civilian position in the Government;
-Must not have been convicted by the final judgement of an offense or crime
involving moral turpitude;
-Must be (1.65 m.) in height for male and (1.57 m. ) for female
-Must weight not more or less than five (5 kgs.) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age and sex and;
NOTE:
- For a new applicant, must not be less than 21 nor 30 years of age.
Provided, that except for the last qualification, the above enumerated
qualifications shall be continuing in character and in absence of
anyone of them at any given time shall be a grounds for a separations
or retirement from the service.
-PNP Member shall be undergo a Field Training Program for 12
months involving actual experience and assignment in patrol, traffic
and investigation requirements for permanency of their appointment.
-NAPOLCOM shall administer the entrance and promotional
examinations for policemen of the basis of the standards set by the
Commissions.
Waiver for Initial Appointments to the PNP

-Age, height, weight and Educational requirements may be

waived only when the number of qualified applicants fall
below the minimum annual quota: Provided, That an
applicant shall not be below 20) nor over 35 years of age.

- Any applicant not meeting the weight requirements shall

be given reasonable time but not exceeding 6 months
within which to comply with the said requirement.
Selection Criteria under the Waiver Program (RA 8551)
- Applicant who possess the least disqualification shall take
procedures over those who possess more disqualifications.
-Any PNP uniformed personnel who are admitted due to the
waiver of the educational and weight requirements shall be
issued a temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of
the requirement waived.
- PNP Members who shall be dismissed under a waiver
program shall be eligible to re-apply for appointment to the
PNP: Provided; that he or she possesses the minimum
qualifications and his or her reappointment is not by virtue
of another waiver program.
Lateral Entry
- all original appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall
commence with the rank of inspector, to include all those with highly
technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services, such
as dentists optometrist, nurses engineers and graduates of forensic
sciences.

- Doctors of medicine, members of the Bar and chaplains shall be

appointed to the rank of senior inspector in their particular technical
service.
-Graduates of the PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the rank
of inspector.
-Licensed criminologist may be appointed to the rank of inspector to
fill up any vacancy after promotions from the ranks are completed.
NOTE:
Section 35. Preference of Appointment in Government Justice and
Other Government Institutions Registered criminologist shall enjoy
priority of appointment and shall not be required to take any
qualifying or entrance examination (RA11131)

Section 36. Lateral Entry of Registered Criminologist

Registered Criminologist who are not in the government service
shall be eligible and given preference for appointment via lateral
entry as Police, Fire and Jail Inspectors or its equivalent in the
PDEA, NBI and other law enforcement agencies. (RA11131)
APPOINTING AUTHORITY FOR PNP OFFICERS

POI-SPOIV- PNP regional director for Regional Personnel or by the Chief PNP
for the National Headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil Service
Commission.

Insp. to Supt- Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their immediate superiors,

attested by the Civil Service Commission

Sr. Supt to DDG - President upon recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with
proper endorsement by the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission and
subject to conformation by the Commission on Appointments.

Director General - President from among the senior officers down to the rank
of chief superintendent in the service, subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments.
PNP NEW RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE MILITARY

PNP under RA AFP

11200
 Director General  General
 Deputy Director General  Lieutenant General
 Director  Major General
 Chief Superintendent  Brigadier General
 Senior Superintendent  Colonel
 Superintendent  Lt Colonel
 Chief Inspector  Major
 Senior Inspector  Captain
 Inspector  Lieutenant
 Executive Master  Master Sergeant
Sergeant
 Chief Master Sergeant  Technical Sergeant
 Senior Master Sergeant  Staff Sergeant
 Master Sergeant  Sergeant
 Staff Sergeant  Corporal
 Corporal  Private First Class
 Patrolman/Patrolwoman  Private
NOTE:

-PNP is divided into 18 police regional offices (PRO) , each headed by a

Regional Directors.
-PNP shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall
draw their salaries therefrom.

-PNP shall have the same salary grade level as a public school teachers;
Provided that PNP members assigned in Metropolitan Manila, chartered cities
and first class municipalities may be paid financial incentive by the local
government unit concerned subject to the availability of funds.

(Note: Starting January 1, 2018, JOINT RESOLUTION 01 has took effect

which is “Authorizing the increase in base pay of military and uniformed
personnel in the government, and for other purposes”)
ATTRITION SYSTEM FOR UNIFORMED PERSONNEL

Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position

Chief-4 years
Deputy Chief- 4 years
Director of the Staff Service- 4 years
Regional Directors- 6 years
Provincial/Cities Directors- 9 years

NOTE: Except for the Chief PNP, no PNP Member who has less than
one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory retirement
aged shall be promoted to higher rank or appointment to any other
position.
Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank
Any PNP personnel who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is
established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within 18 months after such
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

Attrition by Non-Promotion
Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a continuous period of 10 years
shall be SEPARATED.
Attrition by Other Means
A PNP member or officer with at least 5 years of accumulated active service shall be
separated based on any of the ff. factors:
a. Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last 2 successive annual rating
periods.
b. Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last 3 cumulative annual rating
periods.
c. Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties.
d. Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/or finished the
required career courses except for justifiable reasons.
NOTE: Any personnel who is dismissed from the PNP
pursuant to the above circumstances shall be retired if
he or she has rendered at least twenty (20) years of
service and separated if he or she has rendered less than
20 years of service unless the personnel is disqualified
by law to received such benefits.
POLICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Personnel Management
• May be defined as that area of management concerned with
human relations.
• It uses planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of day
to day activities involved in procuring workers, developing and
motivating them and in coordinating their activities to achieve
the aims of the enterprises.
OBJECTIVES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
1 .To assist top line management to achieve the organizations
goals of fostering harmonious relationship with its human
resource
2. To acquire capable people and provide them WITH
KNOWLEDGE in the performance of their job.
OPERATIVE FUNCTIONS OF PERSONNEL

The primary functions of Personnel Department is commonly

Personnel Operative Functions. These are the following:

Planning - is a study of the labor supply, of jobs which are

composed with the demands for employees in those within an
organization to determine future personnel requirements
which either increase or decrease. If there is an expected
shortage of personnel the company may decide to train and
develop present employees and/or recruit from outside
sources.
Recruitment - is the process of encouraging job
applicants from an organization to seek employment in
an organization. The process of recruitment consists of
developing a recruitment plan, recruitment strategy
formulation job applicant search, screening of qualified
job applicants, and maintaining a waiting list of
qualified job applicants.

Selections - are the process of determining the most

qualified police applicant for a given position in the
organization
Police Training and Development - refers to any
method used to improve the attitude, knowledge,
skill or behavior pattern of an employee for
adequate performance of a given job. It is a day-to-
day, year round task. All employees on a new job
undergo a learning process given a formal training
or not. Learning is made easier for employees when
an organization provides formal training and
development. This reduces unnecessary waste of
time, materials, man-hours and equipment.
POLICE APPRAISAL OR PERFORMANCE RATING

Police performance rating is the evaluation of the traits,

behavior and effectiveness of a police officer on the job as
determined by established work standards. Employee
performance rating may be judgmental or developmental in
purpose.
• It is judgmental if it is made a tool in decision-making for
promotion, transfer, pay increase or termination
• It is developmental in purpose when the evaluation is used
to facilitate improvement in performance or used to improve
recruitment, selection, training and development.
POLICE COMPENSATION

Financial compensation in the form of wages of salaries constitutes the

largest single expenditure for most organizations. In Metropolitan
Manila and other urban centers, wages, or salaries represent the sole
source to meet the basic needs of food, clothing and shelter and it also
provide the means to attain that standard of living and economic
security that vary in degrees upon a person’s expectation.

Three Types of Police Compensation

1. Base pay or basic compensation
2. Incentive or variable compensation
3. Supplementary compensation
POLICE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

WHAT IS A POLICY?
A policy has been defined as a “general plan of
action that serves as a guide in the operation of a
company. It makes up the basic framework of
management decisions which set the course the
organization is to follow.” It defines the authority and
responsibility of supervisors and manger in their job
of directing group efforts and implementing personnel
programs.
TYPES OF POLICE POLICIES (According to origin)
a. Originated policy
This type of policy comes from the board of directors or the president
and is intended to set up guidelines in the operation of the firm.
b. Appealed policy
This type of policy is born when problems arise at the lower levels of
the organization and the man in charge does not know how to meet the
problem. He then appeals to his superiors for guidelines and for
guidance.
c. Imposed policy
This type of policy comes from the government in the forms of laws,
administrative orders, and rules and procedures or contract
specifications. Labor unions too, impose policies through collective
bargaining agreements.
Communicating Personnel Policies and Regulations

To be effective, personnel policies must be understood

by all concerned, including the managers and
supervisors who are to interpret and implement them to
the employees who will be affected by the policies. The
most common means are employee handbooks,
manuals, company organs or publications, memoranda,
and circulars, bulletin boards, meeting and conferences.
1. POLICE Handbooks
These handbooks are distributed to all police officers and contain among
other things, information about the benefits and services that the organization
grants, the organization’s history, its organizational structure, its officers, and
other information useful to the personnel in understanding his relationship with
the organization.
2. Police Manuals
A police manual covering all personnel policies and procedures, LIKE Invest
Manuals, POP
3. Memoranda and Circulars
Memoranda and circulars are another common means of communicating
policies to police officers. They can be issued fast and they provide the greatest
assurance of reaching every personnel. They are built in means by which every
member of the organization is reached.
4. Company Bulletin Board
Company policies, rules and regulations, and activities may be typed
out of mimeographed and then posted on bulletin boards. If
strategically located and well-managed, bulletin boards are an effective
medium for transmitting newly issued policies, rules and regulations to
police officers.
5. Meetings or Conferences
Meeting or conferences are often held to inform personnel about new
policies, their objectives and implementation. One advantage of this
type of policy dissemination is that it gives the personnel an
opportunity to ask questions and request clarification on vague and
doubtful points.
6. POLICE PUBLICATIONS
Magazines, Journals, newspapers
PROCEDURES IN SCREENING
1. Preliminary Interview
The applicants shall be interviewed personally by the personnel officer. If
the applicant qualifies with respect to the requirements of citizenship,
education, and age, he shall be required to present the following:
(a) A letter of application if none has been submitted.
(b) An information sheet.
(c) A copy of his picture (passport size)
(d) Birth Certificate
(e) Transcript of scholastic records and/or diploma
(f) Fingerprint card, properly accomplished.
(g) Clearance papers from the local police department PNP provincial
Headquarters, city or municipal court and city or provincial fiscal’s office
and his hometown police department, NBI, and others that may be
required.
2. Physical and Medical Examination

In order to determine whether or not the

applicant is in good he1th, free from any
contagious disease and physically fit for police
service, he shall undergo a thorough physical and
medical examination to be conducted by the local
health officer after he qualifies in the preliminary
interview.
3. Physical Agility Test

The Screening Committee shall require the applicant to

undergo physical agility test designed to determine whether
or not he possess the required coordination strength, and
speed of movement necessary for police service. The
applicant shall pass the following tests:
(a) Pull-ups - 6
(b) Push-ups - 27
(c) Two-minutes sit-ups - 45
(d) Squat jumps - 32
(e) Squat thrusts - 20
4. Character and Background Investigation
The screening Committee shall cause a confidential
investigation of the character and from among various
sources.

5. Oral Interview
The Screening Committee shall interview the qualified
applicants for suitability for police work. The interview shall
aid in determining appearance, likeableness, affability
attitude toward work, outside interest, forcefulness,
conversational ability, and disagreeable mannerism.
6. Psychological and/or Neuro-Psychiatric Test

In order to exclude applicants who are emotionally or

temperamentally unstable, psychotic, or suffering from any
mental disorder, the applicant shall take a psychological
and/or neuro-psychiatric test to be administered by the NBI,
the PNP, or other duly recognized institution offering such
test after he has qualified and not all the requirements above.
MEDICAL STANDARDS FOR POLICE CANDIDATES

The following is a check list of medical standards for examination of

police candidates:
1. General Appearance
The applicant must be free from any marked deformity, from all
parasite or systematic skin disease, and from evidence of intemperance
in the use of stimulants or drugs. The body must be wel1-proportioned,
of good muscular development, and show careful attention to personal
cleanliness. Obesity, muscular weakness or poor physique must be
rejected. Girth of abdomen should not more than the measurement of
chest at rest.
2. Nose, Mouth and Teeth
Obstruction to free breathing chronic cataract or very offensive
breath must be rejected. The mouth must be free from deformities in
conditions that interfere with distinct speech or that predisposes to
disease of the ear, nose or throat. There shall be no disease or
hypertrophy of tonsil or thyroid enlargement. Teeth must be clean,
well-cared for and free from multiple cavities. Missing teeth may be
supplied by crown or bridgework, where site of teeth makes this
impossible, rubber denture will be accepted. At least twenty natural
teeth must be present. Pyorrhea will be rejected.

3. Hernia
In any form, actual or potential must be rejected.
4. Genitals
Must be free from deformities and from varicole, hyrocole, and
enlargement of the testicle, stricture or incontinence of urine.
Retained or strophy is rejected. Any acute and all venereal diseases of
these organs must be rejected.
5. Varicose Veins
A marked tendency to their formation must be rejected.
6. Arms, Legs, Hands and Foot
Must be free from infection of the joints, sprains, stiffness or other
conditions, such as flat foot, long nails or hammer toes which would
prevent the proper and easy performance of duty. First (index)
second (middle), and third (ring) fingers and thumb must be present
in their entirely. The toe must be the same
7. Eyes
The applicant must be free from color blindness, and be
able to read with each eye separately standard test type at a
distance of twenty feet. Loss of either eye, chronic
inflammation of the lids or permanent abnormalities of either
eye must be rejected, 20/20 or 20/30 in one eye, with
binocular vision of 20/30.
8. RESPIRATION
Must be full, easy, regular, the respiratory murmur must
be clear and distinct over the lungs and no disease of the
Respiratory organ is present
9. CIRCULATION
The action of the heart must be uniform, free and steady,
it’s rhythm and the heart from organ changes. Blood
Pressure systolic maximum 135; diastolic 90; pulsepressure
15 to 50. Brain and nervous system must be free from defects.

10. KIDNEYS
Must be healthy and urine is normal
POLICE APPOINTMENT
Any applicant who meets the general qualifications for appointment
to police service and who passes the tests required in the screening
procedures, shall be recommended for initial appointment and shall
be classified as follows:

1. Temporary – if the applicant passes through the waiver program

as provided in under RA 8551

2. Probationary – if the applicant passes through the regular

screening procedures

3. Permanent – if the applicant is able to finish the required field

training program for
permanency
Appointment in the PNP shall be affected in the following manner:
1. PO1 to SPO4 – appointed by he PNP Regional Director for regional personnel or
by the Chief of the PNP for National Headquarters’ personnel and attested by the
Civil Service Commission
2. Inspector to Superintendent – appointed by the Chief PNP as recommended by
their immediate superiors and attested by the Civil Service Commission (CSC)
3. Sr. Superintendent to Dep. Dir. Gen. – appointed by the President upon the
recommendation of the Chief PNP with the endorsement of the Civil Service
Commission (CSC) and with confirmation by the Commission on Appointment
4. Director General – appointed by the President from among the most senior
officers down to the rank of Chief Superintendent in the service subject to the
confirmation of the Commission on Appointment (CA). Provided, that the Chief
PNP shall serve a tour of duty not exceeding four (4) years. Provided further that in
times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may
extend such tour of duty.
TYPES OF POLICE TRAINING PROGRAMS
1. BASIC RECRUIT TRAINING - the most basic of all police training
which is a prerequisite to permanency of appointment. It shall be in
accordance with the programs of instructions prescribed by the PPSC
and the NAPOLCOM subject to modifications to suit local conditions.
It is conducted with in not less than six (6) months. A training week
shall normally consist of 40 hours of scheduled instructions. The
subjects are as follows:
 Origin and nature of Police Work
 General Police Responsibilities
 Criminal Law and Procedures
 Police Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Ordinances
 Police Methods and Procedures
 Criminal Investigation Techniques
 Scientific Aids
2. FIELD TRAINING - is the process by which an individual police
officer who is recruited into the service receives formal instruction on
the job for special and defined purposes and performs actual job
functions with periodic appraisal on his performance and progress
3. IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS
• Junior Leadership Training – for PO1 to PO3
• Senior Leadership Training – for SPO1 to SPO4
• Police Basic Course (PBC) – preparatory for OBC – for senior
police officers
• Officers Basic Course (OBC) – for Inspectors to Chief Inspectors
• Officers Advance Course (OAC) – for Chief Inspectors
• Officer Senior Education Course (OSEC) – Superintendent and
above
• Directorial Staff Course (DSC) – for Directors and above
POLICE PROMOTION

PROMOTION - is a system in the manner of increasing the rank of a member of the

police service. It has the following objectives:
1. To invest a member of the police force with the degree of authority necessary for
the effective execution of police duties
2. To place the police officer in a position of increased responsibility where he can
make full use of his capabilities
3. To provide and promote incentives, thus motivating greater efforts of all members
of the police force, which will gradually improve efficiency in police works

Under the law, the NAPOLCOM shall establish a system of promotion for uniformed
and non-uniformed members of the PNP which shall be based on:
1. Merit – which include length of service in the present rank and qualification
2. Seniority
3. Availability of vacant position
Such position shall be gender fair – women in the PNP shall enjoy equal opportunity
for promotion as that of men
 POLICE INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence, in essence is knowledge and powerful it can

prevent war and cause one, it can help in crime control and
crime prevention.
Intelligence – is the product resulting from the collection, evaluation,
analysis, and interpretation, integration of all available information,
which concerns one or more aspect of various human activities which
should be known in advance in order to initiate a particular course of
action.

Overt Intelligence - gathering of info or documents openly.

Covert Intelligence - secret procurement of information or documents.

Police Intelligence – The end product resulting from the collection,

evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available
information regarding the activities of criminals and other law violators
for the purpose of affecting their arrest, obtaining evidence, and
forestalling plan to commit crimes.
National Intelligence - integrated product of intelligence developed by all
government departments concerning the broad aspect of national policy and
national Security.

Departmental Intelligence - The intelligence required by department or agencies of

the government to execute its mission and discharge its responsibilities.

Military Intelligence - refers to the knowledge by the military institution essential in

the preparation and execution of military plans, policies and programs.

Espionage – practice of spying

Sabotage - a willful and malicious destruction.

Saboteur – a person or group of persons designed to carry out sabotage work.

Subversion – an organized and systematic conspiracy to overthrow a duly

constituted authority or government
Cover – it is the change, forging and screening of person’s real personality, things, events and places.

Deception – in general, to mislead another.

Infiltration or Penetration – penetration of agent to an intelligence target.

Agent – a person or group of person employed by the organization whose objectives id to obtain
information or intel.

Strategic Intelligence – primarily long range in nature in terms of planning or time table.

Line or Tactical Intelligence – knowledge which contributes directly to the accomplishment of specific
objectives of immediate concern such as raids, arrest, etc.

Procurement – in intelligence, an aggressive effort to acquire certain specific information which may
not readily available.

Duress Code – a type of code system so that security personnel when forced by an armed men to enter
into installation can give alarm by use of certain words in casual observation.
“Historical Developments of Intelligence”

a. Number 13:17-32, Old Testament (Holy Bible) - Moses sent twelve (12) scouts to
the land of Canaan where he detected directed them to spy the land, the people and
their location and the nature of their cities.

b. Sun Tzu – a Chinese philosopher who authored the book “Art of War".

c. Delilah - A biblical personality who was able to gain information by using her
beauty and charm. She was responsible for the fall of Samson a known Israelite
leader who terrorized the Philistines.

d. Karl Schulmeister - Renowned as " Napoleon's Eye ". He was credited for
establishing counter intelligence conducted against spies. He is a master of deceit
who used black mail to obtain vital information pertaining to the personality and
identify of the enemies of Napoleon during the 18th Century.
e. Frederick the Great - "Father of Organized Military Espionage". He
divided his agents into four classes: common spies, double spies, spies of
consequence, persons who are force to undertake espionage against his
will.
f. Julius Ceasar - During his time, the staff of each legion includes ten
"speculators" who served as an information-collecting agency.
- The "speculators" were the first intelligence personnel to appear
definitely in a military organization.
g. Walsingham of England – spymaster of England, protector to Queen
Elizabeth I, utilizes students as his agents. He gave England its first national
secret service.
h. Hannisal of Rome – considered as one of the brilliant
military strategists in history. He had developed an
effective intelligence system for 15years in Rome, and he
usually roam around the city often disguise as a beggar
to gather first hand information.

i. Major General Donovan – father of American

intelligence, organizer of OSS a builder of central
intelligence system during World War 2 and renaming it
into C.I.A now.
National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA)
- It is the primary intelligence gathering and analysis arm of
the Philippine government, in charge of carrying out overt,
covert, and clandestine intelligence programs. Its motto is:
"Knowledge is Safety”.

- EO 492, issued on February 1, 2006, orders the NICA to

activate the National Maritime Aerial Reconnaissance and
Surveillance Center or NMARSC . The NMARSC shall serve
as the primary Intel provider for the Philippine intelligence
community.
“Principles of Intelligence”

1. Intelligence and operation are Interdependent, Intelligence provides valuable inputs for
effectiveness of police operation on the other hand operation likewise is needed for continuity of
intelligence activities. Operation and intelligence planners work hand and hand to attain greater
degree of success in their common effort.

2. Intelligence must be useful, It should have an application and significance to the operation.

3. Intelligence must be available on time, Intel data must be disseminated on time because late arrival
is as good as useless.

4. Intelligence must be flexible Intelligence, Operations must be changeable according to the present
situation, condition and other factors.

5. Intelligence requires continuous security measures, deny unauthorized personal information

about operation and intelligence product, its source and organization itself. In the handling of
classified materials there should be a working balance between secrecy and operational convenience.
“Intelligence Cycle”

1. Planning – developing or systematizing a method to make

the task more clear and understood and can be easily
accomplished.
2. Collection of Information – systematic extraction of
information from sources and the type of information they
can provide and can be consider. E.g. elicitation
3. Processing – involves evaluating the reliability of Collected
info. And accuracy of the source information
4. Dissemination and use –distribution of finished intelligence
to the consumers, same policy maker whose needs initiate
the intelligence requirements.
* Five steps in processing collected information which is then converted into Intelligence!!!

1st. Recording – is the reduction of information into writing or some other form of graphical
representation and the arranging of this information into groups related items.

2nd. Evaluation or Analysis – is the determination of the pertinence of the information to the
operation, reliability of the source of or agency and the accuracy of the information.
3rd. Integration - The combination of the elements isolated analysis with other known information
related to the operation.

4th. Interpretation - Process of determining the significance of new information in the possible
alternatives. The interpreter determines the significance of the information as to the meaning of the
interpreted information.

5th. Dissemination of Processed information or intelligence data - are disseminated to end users,
common methods of disseminating Intel data are conferences, briefing and person to person
exchanges.
- In this process, consider the factors of timeliness, correctness and security.
Information – All evaluated materials of every
description including those derived from
observation, reports, rumors, imagery, and
other sources from which intelligence is
produced.
Types of Agent used in collecting of Information
1. Agent of Influence - Agent who uses authority to gain
information
2. Agent in Place - Agent who has been recruited within a highly
sensitive target
3. Penetration Agent - Agent who have reached to the enemy,
gather information and able to get back without being caught.
4. Expendable Agent - Agent who leaks false information to the
enemy.
5. Double Agent - An enemy agent, who has been taken into
custody, turned around and sent back where he came from as an
agent of his captors.
TYPES OF INFORMANTS
1. Anonymous -unidentified or unknown informants
2. False Informant- reveals information of no consequences, value or
stuff connected within thin air.
3. Frightened Informants -weakest link in criminal chain, motivated by
anxiety
4. Self-Aggrandizing-moves around the center of criminals delight in
surprising the police about bits of information.
5. Mercenary - information for sale needed something for exchange of
information.
6. Double-Crosser-wants to get more information from the police more
than he gives
7.Women-most dangerous
8. Legitimate-operators of business desire to give information
Kinds of Covert Operation

1. Surveillance – is the covert, discreet observation of people and places for

the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities
of subjects.
2. Casing - It is the careful inspection of a place to determine its suitability for
a particular operational purpose.

3. Elicitation - The process of extracting information from a person believes to

be in possession of vital information without his knowledge or suspicion.

4. Employment of Technical Means:

5. Bugging - The use of an equipment or tool to listen and record discreetly
conversations of other people.
6. - Wire Tapping - A method of collecting information thru interception of
telephone conversation.
5. Tactical Interrogation - It is a process or method of
obtaining information from a captured enemy who is
reluctant to divulge information.

6. Observation and Description - It is a method of

collecting information by just merely using the
different senses.
Admiralty system or NATO system-
is a method evaluating collected items of intelligence.
The system comprises a two-character notation assessing
the reliability of the source
and the assessed level of confidence on the information.
*We used Evaluation to Determine:

Pertinence – does it hold some value to current operation?

Reliability – judging the source of information or agency
Credibility – truth of information
*Evaluation Guide for Collected Information

Reliability of Information Accuracy of Information

A - Completely Reliable 1 - Confirmed By Other Sources

B - Usually Reliable 2 - Probably True
C - Fairly Reliable 3 - Possibly True
D - Not Usually Reliable 4 - Doubtfully True
E – Unreliable 5 - Improbable
F - Reliability Cannot Be Judged 6 - Truth Cannot Be Judged

REMINDER: You should LEARN BY HEART

THANKS AND GOOD LUCK!