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Classification of Parallel Computers

This document discusses different classifications of parallel computers. It describes Flynn's classification which categorizes parallel computers based on whether their instruction and data streams are single or multiple. The four categories under Flynn's classification are: SISD (Single Instruction, Single Data), SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data), MISD (Multiple Instruction, Single Data), and MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data). Each category is defined by whether the computer has a single or multiple instruction/data streams and examples are provided to illustrate each type.

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Akanksha Singh
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79 views

Classification of Parallel Computers

This document discusses different classifications of parallel computers. It describes Flynn's classification which categorizes parallel computers based on whether their instruction and data streams are single or multiple. The four categories under Flynn's classification are: SISD (Single Instruction, Single Data), SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data), MISD (Multiple Instruction, Single Data), and MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data). Each category is defined by whether the computer has a single or multiple instruction/data streams and examples are provided to illustrate each type.

Uploaded by

Akanksha Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of parallel

computers
PRESENTED BY AKANKSHA SINGH
objective

• Introduction
• Parallel Computing
• Types of classification
• Flynn’s classification
• Types of Flynn’s classification
• SSID: Single instruction single data stream
• SIMD: Single instruction multiple data stream
• MISD: Multiple instruction single data stream
• MIMD: Multiple instruction multiple data stream
Introduction

 Parallel Computing is the simultaneous use of multiple computing resources to solve a


computational problem
• To be run using multiple CPUs
• A problem is broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently
• Each part is further broken down to a series of instructions
• Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on different CPUs
Parallel Computing

• Save time and money : many resources working together will reduce the time and cut
potential costs
• Solves larger problems E.g. Web search engines /database processing millions of
transactions per second
• Use of non-level resources
• Provide concurrency : do multiple things at the same time
Types of classification

• Two kinds of classification


• Flynn’s Classification
SSID: Single instruction single data stream
SIMD: Single instruction multiple data stream
MISD: Multiple instruction single data stream
MIMD: Multiple instruction multiple data stream
• Classification by memory status
Share memory
Distributed memory
Flynn’s classification

• Flynn’s Classification is the most popular taxonomy of computer architecture proposed


by Michael J. Flynn’s in 1166 based on number of instructions and data
• It is based on the notion of a stream of information. Two types of information flow into a
processor instruction and data
• The instruction stream is defined as the sequence of instructions executed by the
processing unit
• The data stream is defined as the sequence of data including inputs, partial, or temporary
results, called by the instruction stream
Types of Flynn’s classification

• According to Flynn’s classification, either of the instruction or data stream can be single
or multiple.
• SSID: Single instruction single data stream
• SIMD: Single instruction multiple data stream
• MISD: Multiple instruction single data stream
• MIMD: Multiple instruction multiple data stream
SISD

• SISD (Single instruction single data)


• An SISD computing system is a uni-processor machine which is capable of executing
a single instruction, operating on a single data stream.

Control Unit Processor Unit Memory Module

Single instruction: only one instruction stream is being acted on by the CPU during any one clock cycle
 Single data: only one data stream is being used as input during any one clock cycle
sisd

 Single instruction single data


Load A

Load B

C=A+B
time
Store C

A=B*2

Store A
simd

• SIMD(Single instruction stream ,Multiple-data stream)


• An SIMD system is capable of executing the same instruction on all the CPUs but
operating on different data stream
• Single instruction : all processing units execute the same instruction at any given clock
cycle
• Multiple data : Each processing unit can operate on a different data element
• SIMD computer has single control unit which issues one instruction at a time but it has
multiple ALU’s or processing units to carry out on multiple data sets simultaneously
simd

 Single instruction multiple data

Prev instruct Prev instruct Prev instruct

Load A(1) Load A(2) Load A(n)

Load B(1) Load B(1) Load B(n)


time
C(1)=A(1)*B(1) C(1)=A(1)*B(1) C(n)=A(n)*B(n)

Store C(1) Store C(2) Store C(n)


Next instruct Next instruct Next instruct
P1 P2 P3
misd

• MISD(Multiple-Instruction stream, Singe-Data stream)


• An MISD computing system is capable of executing different instruction on different Pus
but of them operating on the same dataset
• Multiple instruction :Each processing unit may be executing a different instruction
stream
• Single data : Every processing unit can operate on a same data element
misd

 Multiple instruction single data stream

Prev instruct Prev instruct Prev instruct

Load A(1) Load A(1) Load A(1)


C(1)=A(1)*1 C(2)=A(1)*2 C(n)=A(1)*n ti
Store C(1) Store C(2) Store C(n) m
e
Next instruct Next instruct Next instruct
P1 P2 P3
mimd

• An MIMD system is capable of executing multiple instruction on multiple data set


• Multiple Instruction : Every processor may be executing a different instruction stream
• Multiple data : Every processor may be working with a different data stream
• MIMD system are parallel computer capable of processing several programs
simultaneously
mimd

 Multiple instruction multiple data stream

Prev instruct Prev instruct Prev instruct

Load A(1) Call funcD Do 10 i=1,N

Load B(1) X=y*z Alpha=w**3 ti


C(1)=A(1)*B(1) Sum=x*2 Zeta=c(i) m
e
Store C(1) Call sub1(i,j) 10 continue
Next instruct Next instruct Next instruct
P1 P2 P3
Thank you

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