MASS TRAINING FOR GRADE 10

Light
SCIENCE TEACHERS on the K to 12
Enhanced Basic Education Program
Outline of the Session
1. PRE-TEST
2. Overview of the Spiraling of Concepts (Module 3:
Light: Mirrors & Lenses)
3. Overview of the Content Standard, Performance
Standard, and Learning Competencies
4. Review of some concepts involving plane mirrors
5. Activity Proper (Curved Mirrors & Lenses)
6. Discussion of Expected Answers
7. Extension Discussion on Lenses
8. POST-TEST
 PRE - TEST
LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses
LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses
1. What is the distance of your image from you if you
stand 1.5 m in front of a plane mirror?
A. 1.5 m
B. 2.0 m
C. 3.0 m
D. 4.5 m
LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses
2. An object is placed between a concave mirror and its
focal point. What is the type and orientation of the
image formed?
A. virtual and inverted
B. real and inverted
C. virtual and erect
D. real and erect
 LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses

3. What kind of mirror is used in automobiles and trucks

to give the driver a wider area and smaller image of
traffic behind him?
A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror
D. None of the above
LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses
4. What kind of image is formed by concave lenses?
A. always real
B. always virtual
C. Could be real or virtual; depends on the distance of
the object from the focal point
D. Could be real or virtual; but always real when the
object is placed at the focal point.
LIGHT: Mirrors and Lenses
5. This optical instrument uses two (2) convex lenses to
make a smaller object larger.
A. Camera
B. Microscope
C. Oscilloscope
D. Telescope
Spiraling of Energy
Observe and identify different sources of
Grade light, heat, sound, and electricity in their
3 environment and their uses in everyday life.
Spiraling of Energy
Learn that light, heat, and
Grade sound travel from a source.
4
Spiraling of Energy
Explore how different objects interact with
Grade light, heat, sound, and electricity.
5
Spiraling of Energy

Grade Learn the concept of energy – that it exists in

different forms and it can be transformed.
6
Spiraling of Energy Light
Recognize that the different forms of
Grade energy travel in different ways.
7
Sound
loudness
pitch & Light color
intensity
brightness

wavelength
frequency
amplitude
Spiraling of Energy Light
Realize that transferred energy may
Grade cause changes in the properties of the
8 object
ENERG
Y
I
N
C
R
E
A
S
E
Spiraling of Energy
Explain how conservation of mechanical energy
Grade is applied in some structures and in natural
9 environment.
Spiraling of Energy Light
Learn more about the properties of light as applied
Grade in optical instruments, the concept of moving
10 charges and magnetic fields.
 Senior
Spiraling of Energy High School

Core Curriculum STEM Strand

(Physical Science) (General Physics 2)

Learn how light act as a wave and a Geometric Optics

particle • Reflection & Refraction at Plane and
• Colors Spherical Surfaces
• Reflection & Refraction – as • Mirrors
explained by the particle and the • Thin Lens
wave model of light • Image Formation Experiments
• Photon Theory of Light • Interference & Diffraction
• Wavelength – Speed – Frequency • Huygens's Principle
relation • Two-source Interference of Light
• Speed of Light – Galileo & Roemer • Intensity in Interference Patterns
• Dispersion, Scattering, Interference • Diffraction from Single-Slits
& Diffraction
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
Content Standard
The learners should be able to:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the
images formed by the different types of mirrors and
lenses

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
Performance Standard
The learners should be able to:

(Suggestion):
Construct an optical device such as pinhole camera,
infinity mirror, improvised telescope, improvised
microscope, kaleidoscope, etc…) and explain its
working principle.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
Learning Competency
The learners should be able to:
Predict the qualitative characteristics of images formed
by plane and curved mirrors and lenses
Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the
characteristics and positions of images formed by lenses
Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and
lenses determine their use in optical instruments (e.g.
cameras and binoculars)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
How do the laws of reflection & refraction
explain the functions of some optical
instruments?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
How does changing the focal
length of the lens/curved mirror
affect the image formed?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
• How does changing the location of
the object from a lens/ mirror affect
the image formed?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
G10 LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Mirror, Mirror on the Wall…
Activity 2: Angle of Incidence vs.
Angle of Reflection
Activity 3: Mirror Left-Right Reversal
Activity 4: Who Wants to be a Millionaire?
Activity 5: Images Formed by Curved Mirrors
Activity 6: Are You L-O-S-T After Reflection?
Activity 7: YOU Can be Magnified
Activity 8: Are You L-O-S-T After
Refraction?
Activity 9: Making Improvised Optical
Device
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Motivational Activity

Start here

Trace a line in between

the stars without
looking directly at it.
The line should not
touch either stars.
Motivational Activity

What property(ies) of the

mirror helped you
complete the task?

What property(ies) of the

mirror became a problem
for you in completing the
task?
 Plane Mirrors

Object and Image have:

• Same size
• Same orientation
• Equal distances from
the mirror

The image in a plane

mirror is laterally
reversed.
 Curved Mirrors
Concave mirror
- “converging mirror”
- images formed depends on
the object location.

Convex mirrors
- “diverging mirror”
- images formed are always
diminished and upright.
Concave Mirror

V
C f
r

C – center of curvature
r- radius of curvature

f – focal length
Activity
Activity55
LM(pp.
LM(pp.182
182––184)
184)
TG
TG(pp.
(pp.141
141-144)
-144)

Images
Formed by
Curved
Mirrors
Objective
Objective
1. Describe the location, size, and
orientation of the images formed by
curved mirrors.
Materials
Materials
• Curved mirrors
• Meter stick/ ruler
• White surface (screen)
• Candles (object)
CURVED MIRRORS
CURVED MIRRORS: Location, Orientation, Size and
Type

Image
Location of
Object Location Orientation Size Type
1 beyond C
2 at C
between C
3 &F

4 at F
between F &
5 mirror
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
IMAGE FORMED BY CURVED MIRRORS

Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image

Formed by a “CONCAVE MIRROR”

Image
Location of
Object Location Orient Size Type
ation
1 beyond 2F Between C & F inverted reduced real

2 At C At C inverted same real

3 Between C & F Beyond C inverted enlarged real
4 at F no image
5 between F & V behind mirror upright enlarged virtual
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
IMAGE FORMED BY CURVED MIRRORS

Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image

Formed by a “CONVEX MIRROR”

Image
Location of
Object Location Orient Size Type
ation
6 All locations Between F & V upright reduced virtual

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 What happen to the size and location of the image
Q12 when you bring the object (candle) nearer to the
concave mirror?

 The size of the image increases and the location

moves farther from the mirror.
 What is the generalization from the nature of
Q13 images formed by concave and convex mirror?

 The image formed by concave mirror can be seen on

screen and on the mirror while the image formed by a
convex mirror can be seen only on the mirror.
Therefore, images formed by concave mirrors can
be real or virtual, depending on the location of
the object. The images formed by convex mirror
are always virtual.
RAY DIAGRAM – CURVED
MIRRORS
Image Formed by Curved
Mirrors Ray Tracing Method
Ray Diagram for a Curved Mirror
• P-F Ray (Parallel Ray)
• F-P Ray (Focal Ray)
• C – C Ray (Center of Curvature)
• V – Ray (Vertex Ray)

object V
Principal axis
C f

image

C = 2f
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
Activity
Activity66
LM(pp.
LM(pp.187
187––189)
189)
TG
TG(pp.
(pp.145
145-147)
-147)

Are you
L-O-S-T
after
Reflection?
Objective
Objective
Construct ray diagram to determine the location,
orientation, size, and type formed by curved
mirrors.

Materials
Materials
• Ruler and protractor
Group Location of Curved Mirror
Object (p)
1 beyond C CONCAVE
2 at C
3 between C and f
4 at f
5 between f and V
6 beyond C CONVEX
7 at C
8 between C and f
Concave Mirror
A. Object is located beyond C

object

C f

image

Location: between C and f

Orientation: inverted
Size: reduced
Type: real
Concave Mirror
B. Object is located at C

object

C f

image

Location: at C
Orientation: inverted
Size: same
Type: real
Concave Mirror
C. Object is located between C and f

object

C f

image

Location: beyond C
Orientation: inverted
Size: enlarged
Type: real
Concave Mirror
D. Object is located at f

object

C f

No image formed
Concave Mirror
E. Object is located between f and v

C f object image

Location: behind the mirror

Orientation: upright
Size: enlarged
Type: virtual
Convex Mirror
A. Object is located beyond C

object

C f image f’

Location: between f’ and v

Orientation: upright
Size: reduced
Type: virtual
Convex Mirror
B. Object is located at C

object

C f image f’

Location: between f’ and v

Orientation: upright
Size: reduced
Type: virtual
 What type of mirror do dentists usually use to
Q15 clearly see the images of our teeth? Why?

 Concave mirror

C f object image
 What kind of curved mirror do you see in most of
Q16 the department stores? Why do they use such kind
of mirror?

 Most of the department

stores use convex mirrors
because it gives a wider
range of view
Reflection of Light
 LENSES
A lens consists of a piece of glass or
plastic, ground so that each of its two
refracting surfaces is a segment of either a
sphere or a plane.

http://www.physics.louisville.edu/cldavis/phys299/notes/lo_tl_typelens.jpg
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
HOW A LENS REFRACTS LIGHT
From air into a more dense medium (plastic or
glass), light bends towards the normal line.
From a more dense medium to a less dense
medium, light bends away from the normal.

www.physicsclassroom.com
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
LENSES
Converging lenses Diverging lenses
have positive focal have negative focal
lengths and are lengths and are
thickest at the middle. thickest at the edges.

Real Focus
Virtual Focus

Focal length, f

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

THE POWER OF A LENS
A B

1. Which of the two lenses was able to magnify more?

2. What is the reason behind the difference in

magnification?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
THE POWER OF A LENS
The power of a lens is its ability to bend light –
the greater the power the greater the refraction of
light. It is measured in diopter (dioptre). A lens is
carefully shaped to control the bending of light.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

Activity
Activity77
LM(pp.
LM(pp.195
195––197)
197)
TG
TG(pp.
(pp.151
151––152)
152)

You Can Be
Magnified
Objectives
Objectives
1. Measure the focal length and linear
magnification of a convex lens.

2. Locate the image(s) formed by convex

lens.

3. Describe the image(s) formed by a

convex lens.
 Lighted Candle
Materials
Materials U-shaped
(Object: object
Flame)

meter stick

convex lens or
magnifying glass
Activity
Activity 77
(Part
(PartI)I)

You Can Be
Magnified
• Find the focal length (Procedure 1 to 3)
• Locate and describe the image formed by a convex
lens

Guide Questions: Q17 and Q18

 Always measure
Activity
Activity 77 from the lens
(Part
(PartII)
II) q p

screen lens object

• Determine how changing the object distance affects

the image formed by a convex mirror.
Activity
Activity 77
(Part
(PartII)
II)

Distance from the Distance from the

Description lens to the object lens to the screen
(cm) (cm)
Enlarged &
Upright
Enlarged &
Inverted
Reduced &
Inverted

Guide Questions: Q19 and Q 20

ACTIVITY 7
YoU Can Be Magnified Expected Results
Distance from the Lens
Description of Object (cm) Eye (cm)
Image
Answers may vary depending on the focal
length of the lens used
Enlarged and p<f q>f
upright
Enlarged and f < p < 2f q > 2f
inverted
Reduced and p >2f f < q <2f
inverted

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 What is the focal length of the convex lens?
Q17

Answers vary depending

on the lens used.
 How do you describe the image formed if a
Q18
distant object is used?

The image formed

by a very distant
object is inverted.

It is diminished.
 What kind of lenses are magnifying glass?
Q19 When a magnifying glass produces a sharp clear
image, where is the object located in relation to the
lens?

 Convex lenses are used as magnifying glasses.

To produce a magnified and upright image, the

object must be placed very close to the lens (within the
focal length of the lens)
 Activity
Activity88
LM(pp.
LM(pp.200
200- -203)
203)
TG(pp.
TG(pp.153
153––156)
156)

Are you
L.O.S.T after
Refraction?
Objectives
Objectives
1. Construct ray diagram for lenses.
2. Determine graphically the location,
orientation, size, and type of image
formed.
3. Show graphically the changes in the
image formed as an object’s position is
change.
LENSES:
THE “IMAGE The Anatomy of a Lens
BUILDERS”

2f = R

For a thin lens,

focus to lens surface = focus to the center
(negligible difference)
www.physicsclassroom.com
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
LENSES:
THE “IMAGE Ray Tracing Method
BUILDERS”
Ray Diagram for a Convex Lens
• P-F Ray (Parallel Ray)
• F-P Ray (Focal Ray)
• V Ray (Vertex Ray)

http://www.gcsescience.com/Convex-Lens-Focal-Point-Length.gif
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
LENSES: THE “IMAGE BUILDERS”
Convex Lens: Location, Orientation, Size and Type

Image
Location of
Object Location Orientatio Size Type
n
1 beyond 2F
2 at 2F
between 2F
3 &F

4 at F
between F &
5 lens
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
RAY DIAGRAM - LENSES
Convex Lens
A. Object is located beyond 2f’

object image
2f’ f’ f 2f

Location: between f and 2f

Orientation: inverted
Size: reduced
Type: real
Convex Lens
B. Object is located at 2f’

object image
2f’ f’ f 2f

Location: at 2f
Orientation: inverted
Size: same
Type: real
Convex Lens
C. Object is located between 2f’ and f’

object image
2f’ f’ f 2f

Location: beyond 2f
Orientation: inverted
Size: enlarged
Type: real
Convex Lens
D. Object is located at f’

object

2f’ f’ f 2f

No image formed
Convex Lens
E. Object is located between f’ and v

object

2f’ image f’ f 2f

Location: beyond f’
Orientation: upright
Size: enlarged
Type: virtual
Concave Lens
F. Object is located beyond 2f’

object

2f’ f’ image f 2f

Location: between f’ and v

Orientation: upright
Size: reduced
Type: virtual
Concave Lens
G. Object is located at 2f’

object

2f’ f’ image f 2f

Location: between f’ and v

Orientation: upright
Size: reduced
Type: virtual
LENSES: THE “IMAGE BUILDERS”
Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image
Formed by Lenses
Image
Location of
Object Location Orient Size Type
ation
1 beyond 2F between 2F & inverted reduced real
F
2 at 2F at 2F inverted the same real
3 between 2F &F > 2F inverted enlarged real
4 at F no image
5 between F & behind lens upright enlarged virtua
lens DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
l
 How does the image change in its size and location,
Q21 as the object comes nearer the convex lens?
Concave lens?

As the object comes nearer the convex lens, the

image appears farther and magnified. As it comes
closer to the convex lens (between f and v) the image
appears upright and becomes virtual.

For all locations of object in front of a concave lens,

the image formed is always upright, reduced, virtual,
and located between f’ and v.
 LENSES ABSTRACTION

Lenses are commonly used to form images by

refraction in optical instruments.
The human eye has a biconvex lens that enables
it to form real images.

http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/courses/pictures/vmay082.jpg
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
THE THIN LENS EQUATION
p = object distance (do)
q = image distance (di)

Vertical angles of two

intersecting lines are
congruent.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

THE THIN LENS EQUATION
Magnification Equation

h = object height
h’ = image height
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
 LENSE APPLICATION
Object is S Image is Application
Rays from Focused at a point (focus)  Starting a fire by focusing
infinity point image the sun’s rays
beyond 2F between 2F & F, inverted, Lens of eye
reduced & real Camera lens
at 2F at 2F, inverted, same size and Photocopy machine
real
between 2F > 2F, inverted, enlarged and Slide projector
&F real
at F no image formed (parallel Searchlight, lighthouse
rays  beam of light)
between F behind lens, upright, Magnifying glass, eyepiece of
& lens enlarged & virtual a microscope, binoculars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6mLLaqLdvg

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 LENSES APPLICATION

Image Formation In A Compound

Microscope

www.schoolphysics.co.uk

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 LENSES APPLICATION

Image Formation In A Compound

Microscope

http://bolvan.ph.utexas.edu/~vadim/Classes/2014f/Microscope.gif

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 LENSES APPLICATION

Image Formation In A Telescope

http://bolvan.ph.utexas.edu/~vadim/Classes/2014f/Telescope.gif

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

LIGHT Concept Map

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
Science Process Skills
The science process skills targeted are as follows:
• Observing, making predictions, and formulating
hypothesis about light by manipulating materials to
conduct an experiment
• Collecting, recording and interpreting data
• Developing vocabulary to communicate the results of
their findings
• Displaying information by means of graphic
illustrations
• Applying math rules or formulas to calculate
quantities
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Post - Assessment
TRUE or FALSE: The Big M
1) Blocking part of the lens surface would block the
corresponding part of the image.
2) The size of the image depends on the size (diameter)
of the lens.
3) The purpose of the surface is to capture the real image
so it can be seen. Without the surface, there is no
image.
4) Light passes straight through various transparent
materials.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Painting by Edouard Manet

Remembering ASSESSMENT

• Juan’s grandfather wants to read the latest newspaper. Which

of the following must Juan give his lolo to help his lolo read
the articles with ease?
A. Concave lens C. Flat Mirror
B. Convex lens D. Curved Mirror

• Where must a candle flame be placed to produce an image

that is upright and magnified?
A. Inside the focus C. At the focus
B. Outside the focus D. Anywhere in front of the
lens

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

Remembering ASSESSMENT

• The focal length of lens A is 50 cm. What is the power of this

lens?
A. 50 D C. 0.5 D
B. 2 D D. 0.02 D

• Describe the image formed by the human eye.

A. Magnified and virtual C. Diminished and virtual
B. Magnified and real D. Diminished and real

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

Applying ASSESSMENT
LOCATE MY IMAGE
• A lens has a focal length of 10 cm. When an object is placed
40 cm from the lens, it forms an image that is inverted and
real. Using the ray tracing method and the thin lens
equation, determine the location and size of this real image.

GUESS WHERE I GO
• Construct the ray diagrams for an object placed at different
locations in front of a concave/ convex lens.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

Understanding ASSESSMENT
FIND MY MATCH!
Match the following lens arrangements with their
corresponding applications.
Item Lens Arrangement (Technological) Application
___1. Object at Infinity A. Searchlight; Lighthouse
___2. Object Beyond 2F B. Photocopy Machine
___3. Object at 2F C. Starting Fire by Focusing Sun’s
rays
___4. Object Between 2F and F D. Binoculars
___5. Object at F E. Lens of Eye
___6. Object Between F & Lens F. Slide Projector
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
Creating ASSESSMENT
MAKING AN IMPROVISED OPTICAL DEVICE
• The Pinhole Camera
Task: Construct a pinhole camera and explain the factors that
affect the image on the screen.

Materials:
Illustration board, black cartolina, pin, glue, cutter, ruler, clear
lamp, scissors

Procedure:
With your group mates, and using the materials given, design
and construct an improvised camera based on the information
gathered from different resources.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED
 Creating ASSESSMENT

BEAM Science Learning Guide “Bouncing Light”

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED

 Thank you!

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UP NISMED