Typology of Learning Disabilities

Pangasinan State University_ Sta Maria Campus
Typology of
Learners with
Special Needs
Instructor : Floieh Mingaracal Quindara

Welcome to
Prof Ed 103
Objectives:
- Distinguish the different types, identifications, etiologies,
causes, characteristics of learners who have special needs
-Describe the different types and levels/degrees,
etiologies, causes, and characteristics of these learners
-Demonstrate understanding of the special educational needs
of learners in difficult circumstances including: geographic
isolation; chronic illness; displacement due to armed conflict,
urban resettlement or disasters; child abuse and child labor
practices
-Demonstrate knowledge of teaching strategies that are
inclusive of learners from indigenous groups.
Why the need for
discussing this?
Learners with
Intellectual
Disability
Intellectual Disability
An intellectual disability is a significant limitation in a student’s cognitive functioning and daily adaptive behaviors (Schalock & Luckasson, 2004;
American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002).

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of
disorders that affect a person’s
ability to move and maintain
balance and posture.
CP is the most common motor
disability in childhood.
Cerebral means having to do with
the brain.
Palsy means weakness or
problems with using the muscles.
Signs and Symptoms
• delays in reaching motor skill milestones, such as rolling over, sitting up alone, or crawling
• variations in muscle tone, such as being too floppy or too stiff
• delays in speech development and difficulty speaking
• spasticity, or stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes
• ataxia, or a lack of muscle coordination
• tremors or involuntary movements
• excessive drooling and problems with swallowing
• difficulty walking
• favoring one side of the body, such as reaching with one hand
• neurological problems, such as seizures, intellectual disabilities, and blindness

How to Make Classrooms more Inclusive for
Students with Cerebral Palsy
Embrace Technology
Make Space
Change up
Use Assigned Seating
Instructional
methods
No Tolerance for
Provide
bullying
Choice
Collaborate
with
Teachers and
Parents
Trisomy 21
Also known as Down syndrome, trisomy 21 is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome. Most babies inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome however,
end up with three chromosomes at position 21, instead of the usual pair.
Signs and Symptoms
• Distinctive facial features
• Mild to moderate intellectual disabilities
• Heart, kidney and thyroid issues
• Numerous respiratory infections, from colds to bronchitis and pneumonia
• Skeletal abnormalities, including spine, hip, foot and hand disorders
• Flexible joints and weak, floppy muscles
• Overly quiet baby
• Less responsive to stimuli
• Vision and hearing impairment
• Inwardly curved little finger
• Wide space between the great and second toe
• Single, deep crease on the soles of the feet and one or both hands
Strategies in teaching
students with Trisomy 21
• In your language (both written and oral), put the person
before the disability.
2. Acknowledge how words can create barriers
3. always speak directly to the student, using clear, receptive
language and short sentences.
4. Place a strong emphasis on visual learning when teaching reading to students

with Down syndrome. Think visual demonstrations, pictures, and illustrations.
Strategies in teaching
students with Trisomy 21
5. Believe in your student’s abilities. Most students with Down syndrome have
to put in more work than their peers to achieve the same results, so plenty of
praise and reassurance keep them on track
Learners with
Learning Disability
Learning Disability
Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or

neurobiological factors that alter brain functioning in a
manner which affects one or more cognitive processes
related to learning. These processing problems can interfere
with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or
math.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that
involves difficulty reading due to
problems identifying speech sounds
and learning how they relate to letters
and words (decoding). Also called
reading disability, dyslexia affects areas
of the brain that process language
Signs and Symptoms
• Late talking
• Difficulty learning nursery rhymes
• Difficulty playing rhyming games
• Reading well below the expected level for your child's age
• Problems remembering the sequences of things
• Difficulty spelling
• Difficulty seeing ( and occasionally hearing) similarities and
differences in letters and words
Strategies on how to teach a
students with Dyslexia
• Avoid obsessing with spelling and

grammar
(SPAG) corrections
• Provide lessons recordings
• Allow extra time
• Give clear instructions
• Provide alternatives
Dysgraphi
Dysgraphia can appear as
a
difficulties with spelling and/or
trouble putting thoughts on paper.
Dysgraphia isa neurological disorder that generally appears when children are first learning to write. Experts are not sure what causes it, but early treatment can help prevent or reduce problems
Signs and
• Symptoms
Cramped grip, which may lead to a sore hand.
• Difficulty spacing things out on paper or within margins (poor spatial planning)
• Frequent erasing.
• Inconsistency in letter and word spacing.
• Poor spelling, including unfinished words or missing words or letters.
• Unusual wrist, body, or paper position while writing.

How can we handle a
students with Dysgraphia?
• Raised Line papers
• Speech Text Software
• Allow audio recorder
• Brainstorm writing ideas
• Type with laptop
• Profread with students
• Graph paper for math
Dyscalculia
is a term referring to a wide range of difficulties with maths, including weaknesses in
understanding the meaning of numbers, and difficulty applying mathematical principles to solve problems.
Typical symptoms include:
• difficulty counting backwards.
• difficulty remembering 'basic' facts.
• slow to perform calculations.
• weak mental arithmetic skills.
• a poor sense of numbers & estimation.
• Difficulty in understanding place value.
• Addition is often the default operation.
• High levels of mathematics anxiety.

Classroom accommodations for
dyscalculia
• Use graph paper to help line up numbers and problems.
• Give the student a list of the math formulas taught in the class.
• Use like coins, blocks, and puzzles to teach math ideas.
• Use attention-getting phrases like, “This is important to know because….”
• Use concrete examples that connect math to real life.
• Check in frequently to make sure the student understands the work.
• Use graphic organizers to organize information or help break down math problems into steps.
Teacher
Resources Page
Use these icons and illustrations in your

Canva Presentation. Happy designing!
Teacher
Resources Page
Use these icons and illustrations in your

Canva Presentation. Happy designing!
B for blur
Teacher C for confetti
Resources Page D for a drumroll
O for bubbles
Find the magic and fun in presenting with

Q for quiet
Canva Presentations. Press the following
keys while on Present mode! X to close
# Any number from 0-9 for a timer

Typology of Learning Disabilities

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Typology of Learning Disabilities

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Typology of Learning Disabilities

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the different types of learners with special needs discussed?

What are the different types of learners with special needs discussed?

What are some common signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy?

What are some common signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy?

Pangasinan State University_ Sta Maria Campus

Instructor : Floieh Mingaracal Quindara

American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002).

• variations in muscle tone, such as being too floppy or too stiff

• delays in speech development and difficulty speaking

• spasticity, or stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes

• ataxia, or a lack of muscle coordination

• tremors or involuntary movements

• excessive drooling and problems with swallowing

• neurological problems, such as seizures, intellectual disabilities, and blindness

• Heart, kidney and thyroid issues

• Numerous respiratory infections, from colds to bronchitis and pneumonia

• Skeletal abnormalities, including spine, hip, foot and hand disorders

• Flexible joints and weak, floppy muscles

• Overly quiet baby

• Less responsive to stimuli

• Vision and hearing impairment

• Inwardly curved little finger

• Wide space between the great and second toe

4. Place a strong emphasis on visual learning when teaching reading to students

Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or

• Avoid obsessing with spelling and

• Inconsistency in letter and word spacing.

• Poor spelling, including unfinished words or missing words or letters.

• Unusual wrist, body, or paper position while writing.

• difficulty remembering 'basic' facts.

• slow to perform calculations.

• weak mental arithmetic skills.

• a poor sense of numbers & estimation.

• Difficulty in understanding place value.

• Addition is often the default operation.

• High levels of mathematics anxiety.

• Use like coins, blocks, and puzzles to teach math ideas.

• Use attention-getting phrases like, “This is important to know because….”

• Use concrete examples that connect math to real life.

• Check in frequently to make sure the student understands the work.

Use these icons and illustrations in your

Use these icons and illustrations in your

Teacher C for confetti

Resources Page D for a drumroll

Find the magic and fun in presenting with

# Any number from 0-9 for a timer

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.