Early Greek Education and Roman Educatio

EARLY GREEK EDUCATION
and ROMAN EDUCATION

Reporter: Nino Angelo C. Aniciete
EARLY GREEK EDUCATION
• SPARTAN EDUCATION
• ATHENIAN EDUCATION
ANCIENT GREECE
• the birthplace of Western Civilization about 2,500 years ago. The
magnificent achievements of the ancient Greeks in government,
science, philosophy, and the arts continue to influence our lives
today.
• Greeks civilization developed chiefly in small city-states. A city-
state consisted of a city or town and the surrounding villages and
farmland. The Greek city-states were fiercely independent and
often quarreled among themselves. But their small size and
constant rivalry had certain advantages. Citizens of a city-state
were strongly patriotic, and many citizens took part in the public
affairs. The most advance city-states established the world’s first
democratic government. The best-known city-states were Athens
and Sparta.
Athens and Sparta united? Not exactly.
SPARTAN EDUCATION
SPARTA
• Sparta, also called Lacedaemon, the capital of
Laconia, was at one time the most powerful
city-state of an ancient Greece.
• It was famous for its military power and its
loyal soldiers. The greatest honor that could
come to a Spartan was to die in defense of the
country.
SPARTAN
VIRTUES
• Endurance
• A scorn of luxuries
• Unyielding firmness
The people belong to the three
classes:
• Dorians- “The Spartans themselves”

-They were the ruling class of Sparta and
were the only ones who had full rights of
citizenship
• Helots- The enslaved Greeks
• Perioeci- They were not citizens but they lives
in Sparta as free people.
Statistics:
• The number of the three classes varied widely

during the Sparta’s long history. Some
authorities estimate that at the height of
Spartan power there were about 25,000
citizens, an unknown number of Perioeci and
as many as 250,000 Helots.
AIMS OF EDUCATION
• The aims of education for the Spartans is military and

discipline. This is to make every citizens invincible in war,
possessing physical perfection and complete obedience to the
state and to develop a people unequalled in military skill and
absolutely devoted and loyal to the state. Moreover, discipline
had been instilled to develop conformity and obedience,
courage, strength, cunning, endurance, and patriotic efficiency
and to produce an ideal Spartan citizen who was capable of
enduring hunger, thirst, torture, even death without flinching.
The state was the sole agency of education. Every phase was
controlled by the state. All financing was shouldered by the
state.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
• Education was training, not school instruction.

• The pupils learned by participating in the activities. They
learn by doing. The were no books.
• Testing was not for memory but for moral life and
endurance.
• Discipline and training were severe, food was scantly, theft
was encourage to supliment food but thieves should not get
caught; there was corporal punishment for moral
delinquency and lack of alertness.
• Motivation was enhanced by rivalry, emulation of great men
and great deeds and most of all fear of public disposal.
TYPES OF EDUCATION
• >> Physical education was rigid to make the Spartan strong,

especially in combat.
• >> Military education was rigid. Al the skills in combat known
at that time were learned to the utmost. It was said that any
enemy combatants could not pierce the Spartan military
phalanx.
• >> Moral training was taken in connection with group living.
Stealing was not a crime but if caught, the thief was severely
punished.
• >> There was very little intellectual training just enough to
understand the laws of Lycurgus and some Homeric writings.
TYPES OF EDUCATION
• >> Music education was to arouse patriotism.

• >> Gymnastic education was for the girls to
make them strong to bear children.
• >> There was no vocation education because
the slaves called Helot or Perioeci (Dwellers
around) who numbered almost thirty to one
Spartan did all the non-skilled labor for the
Spartans. The helots were not considered
citizens.
OUTSTANDING CONSTIBUTION TO EDUCATION
•The development of patriotism, discipline,

and military education were the outstanding
contribution to education by the Spartans.
ATHENIAN EDUCATION
History
• Ancient Athens was the leading cultural

center of Greek world. Many of the most
gifted writers of Greece lived there. They
wrote works of drama, history, lyric
poetry, and philosophy that have
influenced literature up to the present
time.
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
• The government of ancient Athens provided
an example of DEMOCRACY that has inspired
lawmakers ever since.
THEY WERE THE FIRST TO DO THIS!

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
• THE COUNCIL- 500 citizens chosen each year.
They call them ASSEMBLY

ATHENIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• CITIZENS/ FREEMEN- Full citizens

• METICS- Not born in Athens
• SLAVES- no rights, no freedom
Lifestyle/Values in Athens
• Very creative city-state with lots

of opportunity for MALES.
• Valued theater, art, philosophy
and science
• Believe in “good life”
ATHENIAN MILITARY
• STRONG NAVY
- at the age of 18, all boys received 1-2
years of Military Training.
BOYS
They started school at the age of 7:

(Reading, writing, mathematics,
gymnastics, poetry and public speaking)
Women in Athens
Expected to be
good wives and
mothers.
They are NOT

valued and
respected.
Women in Athens
LITTLE FREEDOM
•Did not formally
attend schools
•Rarely left the house
•Responsible for
weaving and
domestic arts.
AIMS OF EDUCATION
• Good citizenship was the foremost aim of

Athenian education.
• There was a stress on individual excellence in
wisdom, beauty, and strength for public
usefulness.
• Athens was the first state where there was
freedom to develop all human capacities
(many sided-development)
TYPES OF EDUCATION
• >> Civic training was dominant aim because of the
desire to serve the state.
• >> Moral training was an emphasis on the virtues of
Homeric heroes as well as those for service of the state.
• >> Physical education was taken not to develop strength
but to develop grace and harmony of the body.
• >> Intellectual education was needed in the participation
in the assembly and in discussion in the market place.
• >> Art, music, poetry, and dancing were taken not to
pleasure and entertainment but for the ennobling
influence on the intellectual and moral and good cultural
training, an Apollonian ideal.
Greek Educational Theorists
• SOCRATES: “the ultimate goal of

education is TRUTH.”
• PLATO: “the ultimate goal of education is
JUSTICE.”
• ARISTOTLE: “the ultimate goal of
education is HAPPINESS.”
OUTSTANDING CONSTIBUTION TO EDUCATION
•The Olympic games and the free

development of all human capacities were
the outstanding contributions of Athens .

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EARLY GREEK EDUCATION

and ROMAN EDUCATION

• Dorians- “The Spartans themselves”

• The number of the three classes varied widely

• The aims of education for the Spartans is military and

• Education was training, not school instruction.

• >> Physical education was rigid to make the Spartan strong,

• >> Music education was to arouse patriotism.

•The development of patriotism, discipline,

• Ancient Athens was the leading cultural

THEY WERE THE FIRST TO DO THIS!

• THE COUNCIL- 500 citizens chosen each year.

They call them ASSEMBLY

• CITIZENS/ FREEMEN- Full citizens

• Very creative city-state with lots

They started school at the age of 7:

They are NOT

• Good citizenship was the foremost aim of

• SOCRATES: “the ultimate goal of

•The Olympic games and the free

the outstanding contributions of Athens .

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