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Artificial Intelligence Lab Manual: Python

This document provides an introduction to Python data types, containers, input/output, and operators. It discusses Python strings, including different string syntaxes and methods. It also covers Python lists, including indexing, slicing, adding/removing elements, and converting lists to dictionaries. The document proposes several lab tasks to practice working with strings and lists in Python.

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438 views15 pages

Artificial Intelligence Lab Manual: Python

This document provides an introduction to Python data types, containers, input/output, and operators. It discusses Python strings, including different string syntaxes and methods. It also covers Python lists, including indexing, slicing, adding/removing elements, and converting lists to dictionaries. The document proposes several lab tasks to practice working with strings and lists in Python.

Uploaded by

Aiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Intelligence

Lab Manual

Python

Lab # 03
Python Basics

Shakeel Ahmad
LAB # 3: Data types, Containers, Input/output, and Operators in Python.

Python Strings
String is sequence of Unicode characters. We can use single quotes or double quotes or even triple quotes to
represent strings. Multi-line strings can be denoted using triple quotes, ''' or """. A string in Python consists of a
series or sequence of characters - letters, numbers, and special characters. Strings can be indexed - often
synonymously called subscripted as well. Similar to C, the first character of a string has the index 0.

Different string syntaxes (simple, double or triple quotes):


>>>s = 'Hello, how are you?’ s = "Hi, what's up"
# string to span more than one line
>>>s = '''Hello, # tripling the quotes allows the how are
you‘’’
>>>s = """Hi,
what's up?"""
The newline character is \n, and the tab character is \t. Strings are collections like lists. Hence, they can be indexed and
sliced, using the same syntax and rules.

Indexing:
>>>a = "hello"
>>> a[0]
>>> a[1]
>>> a[-1]
print ( a[-1] )
o(Remember that negative indices correspond to counting from the right end.)

Slicing:

>>> a = "hello, world!"


>>> a[3:6] # 3rd to 6th (excluded) elements: elements 3, 4, 5
>>> a[2:10:2] # Syntax: a[start:stop:step]
>>> a[::3] # every three characters, from beginning to end
Accents and special characters can also be handled in Unicode strings. A string is an immutable object and it
is not possible to modify its contents. One may however create new strings from the original one.
>>>a = "hello, world!"
>>>a[2] = 'z'
>>>a.replace('l', 'z', 1)
>>>a.replace('l', 'z')
Strings have many useful methods, such as a.replace as seen above. Remember the a.object-oriented notation
and use tab completion or help(str) to search for new methods. See also: Python offers advanced possibilities
is referred to
for manipulating strings, looking for patterns or formatting. The interested reader
https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#stringmethods and
https://docs.python.org/library/string.html#new-string-formatting
String formatting:
>>> 'An integer: %i; a float: %f; another string:
%s' % (1, 0.1, 'string')
>>> i = 102
>>> filename = 'processing_of_dataset_%d.txt' % i

Python List
List is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used datatype in Python and is very
flexible. All the items in a list do not need to be of the same type. Declaring a list is , Items
separated by commas are enclosed within brackets [ ].
>>> colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'black', 'white']
>>> type(colors)

Indexing: accessing individual objects contained in the list:

Indexing starts at 0 (as in C), not at 1 (as in Fortran or Matlab)!,


Slicing: obtaining sublists of regularly-spaced elements. Note that colors[start:stop] contains the elements
with indices i such as start<= i < stop (i ranging from start to stop-1). Therefore, colors[start:stop] has (stop -
start) elements. Slicing syntax: colors[start:stop:stride] All slicing parameters are optional.
Lists are mutable objects and can be modified:

Note: The elements of a list may have different types:


Add and remove elements:
Reverse:
Concatenate and repeat lists:
Sort:

Methods and Object-Oriented Programming


The notation rcolors.method() (e.g. rcolors.append(3) and colors.pop()) is our first
example of object- oriented programming (OOP). Being a list, the object rcolors owns
the method function that is called using the notation.
>>>rcolors.<tab> # views the list of OOP function that can
be performed on this object.
Lab Tasks:
1.Write a Python program to sum all the items in a list.
2.Write a Python program to get the largest number from a list.
3.Write a Python program to remove duplicates from a list
4.Write a Python program to convert list to list of dictionaries.
Sample lists: ["Black", "Red", "Maroon", "Yellow"], ["#000000", "#FF0000", "#800000", "#FFFF00"]
Expected Output: [{'color_name': 'Black', 'color_code': '#000000'}, {'color_name': 'Red', 'color_code': '#FF0000'},
{'color_name': 'Maroon', 'color_code': '#800000'}, {'color_name': 'Yellow', 'color_code':
'#FFFF00'}]
5.Write a Python program to read a matrix from console and print the sum for each column. Accept matrix rows, columns
and elements for each column separated with a space(for every row) as input from the user.
Input rows: 2

14
Input columns: 2
Input number of elements in a row (1, 2, 3): 1 2
34
sum for each column: 4 6
6. Write a Python program to Zip two given lists of lists. Original lists:
[[1, 3], [5, 7], [9, 11]]
[[2, 4], [6, 8], [10, 12, 14]]
Zipped list:
[[1, 3, 2, 4], [5, 7, 6, 8], [9, 11, 10, 12, 14]]

15

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