34 Boiler Accessories

BOILER
:ACCESSORIES:
BOILERS ACCESSORIES:
These are auxiliary plants or parts required for

steam boilers for their proper operation and to
increased efficiency of the boilers
:BOILERS ACCESSORIES:
:ARE AS UNDER:
(1) Feed pump
(2) Injector
(3) Economiser
(4) Air preheater
(5) Superheater
(6) Steam separator
(7) Steam trap
FEED PUMP
•Function:
• The feed pump is a pump which is used to deliver feed
water to the boiler.
• Double feed pump is commonly employed for medium
size boilers.
TYPES OF FEED PUMPS
There are Three types of feed Pumps mainly:

Reciprocating pumps- simplex, duplex, Triplex
Rotary pumps
Centrifugal pumps
RECIPROCATING DUPLEX PUMP
Duplex pump is very common steam driven

reciprocating pump. It consist of two steam
cylinder placed side by side. There are two steam
ports for each of the cylinders.
INJECTOR
Function : Injector is used to
feed water in the boiler .
 It is commonly employees
for vertical boiler and does
not find its application in
large capacity high pressure
boilers . it also uses more
space is not available for the
installation for feed pump.
Construction: It consists of spindle, a steam cone ,a combine
cone, a delivery cone and a handle
The lower end of the spindle works as the valve and the upper
end is fitted with the handle. The rotation of the handle cause
an upward or downward movement of the steam cone.
ECONOMISER
Function: Economiser increases the temperature of feed

water using waste of heat to flue gases leaving the boiler
through chimney.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING:
Economizer consist of a large vertical cast iron or steel

water pipes, one end of vertical pipes is connected with
vertical pipes A and other end with B. Hot flue gases
from boiler pass over the vertical tubes .The heat transfer
take place from flue gases to cold water rising in vertical
tubes
SUPER HEATER
• The function of super heater is to increase the temperature of
the steam above its saturation point.
WORKING
• To superheat the steam generated by boiler.

• Super heaters are heat exchangers in which heat is transferred to the
saturated steam to increase its temperature.
• Superheated steam has the following
advantages :
i) Steam consumption of the engine or turbine is reduced.
ii) Losses due to condensation in the cylinders and the steam pipes are
reduced.
iii)Erosion of turbine blade is eliminated.
iv) Efficiency of steam plant is increased
STEAM SEPARATOR
A Steam separator, sometimes

referred to as a moisture separator, is
a device for separating water droplets
from steam. The simplest type of
steam separator is the steam dome on
a steam locomotive. Stationary
boilers and nuclear reactors may
have more complex devices which
impart a "spin" to the steam so that
water droplets are thrown outwards
by centrifugal force and collected.
STEAM SEPARATOR IS IMPORTANT TO REMOVE
WATER DROPLETS FROM STEAM BECAUSE:
IN ALL ENGINES, WET STEAM REDUCES THE

THERMAL EFFICIENCY
IN PISTON ENGINES, WATER CAN ACCUMULATE
IN THE CYLINDERS
AND CAUSE A HYDRAULIC LOCK WHICH WILL
DAMAGE THE ENGINE
IN THERMAL POWER STATIONS, WATER
DROPLETS IN HIGH VELOCITY STEAM COMING
FROM NOZZLES (OR VANES) IN A STEAM
TURBINE CAN IMPINGE ON AND ERODE TURBINE
INTERNALS SUCH AS TURBINE BLADES.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
• It consists of inlet and outlet steam pipes, baffles and

water drain cock. The steam enters at the inlet pipe and
flows down it strikes the baffles as a result it gets
deflected but as the water particles have the grater
weight , inertia and density falls to the bottom of the
separator as a result steam and water are separated
STEAM
TRAP:
:: A steam trap is a device used to discharge condensate

and non condensable gases
with a negligible consumption or loss of live steam. Most
steam traps are nothing more than automatic valves. They
open, close or modulate automatically. Others, like venture
traps, are based on turbulent 2-phase flows to obstruct the
steam flow.
 THE THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF STEAM TRAPS ARE:
1 DISCHARGE CONDENSATE AS SOON AS IT IS FORMED.
2 HAVE A NEGLIGIBLE STEAM CONSUMPTION.
3 HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF DISCHARGING AIR
AND OTHER NON-CONDENSABLE GASES.
Construction and working:

steam trap is a disc or short solid pipe nipple with a small hole
drilled through it installed at the lowest point of the equipment.
Since steam condensate will collect at the lowest point and live
steam is about 1200 times greater in volume than this hot liquid,
condensate is effectively removed and steam is blocked. However,
the vast majority of steam traps in current operation are of the
mechanical or thermostatically operated design.
Mechanical and thermostatic steam traps basically open when
condensate and inert gases need to be removed, and close when
there is only steam present.
AIR PREHEATER
• An air preheater is a general term to
describe any device designed to heat air
before another process (for example,
combustion in a boiler) with the primary
objective of increasing the thermal
efficiency of the process. They may be
used alone or to replace a recuperative
heat system or to replace a steam coil.
AIR PREHEATER CONSTRUCTION AND
WORKING.
• Air preheater is installed between economiser and chimney. It

consists of large number of tubes which are arranged in the path of
the flue gases. Hot flue gases enters into the tube from the top of
the shell and leaves from the bottom of the chimney. The inlet air at
room temperature is admitted into the shell at the lower end with
the help of fan. The air passes upward around the tubes in the
opposite direction of the flow of the hot gases. Baffles are provided
in the Air preheater. The soot hooper provided at the bottom is used
to collect soot during cleaning operation of the tubes
THANK YOU

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BOILER

These are auxiliary plants or parts required for

There are Three types of feed Pumps mainly:

Duplex pump is very common steam driven

Function: Economiser increases the temperature of feed

Economizer consist of a large vertical cast iron or steel

• To superheat the steam generated by boiler.

A Steam separator, sometimes

IN ALL ENGINES, WET STEAM REDUCES THE

• It consists of inlet and outlet steam pipes, baffles and

:: A steam trap is a device used to discharge condensate

Construction and working:

• Air preheater is installed between economiser and chimney. It

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