TOEFL PREPARATION Meeting 6

SKILL 4: PAST PARTICIPLES

Past Participle: Regular verb and Irregular verb (Verb3)

e.g. studied, taught, played

It can function as:

1. a part of the verb

2. an adjective
1. A PART OF THE VERB

Past Participle is a part of verb if it appears with have or be.

Past Participle is a part of verb if it is accompanied by have or be.

Ex.

1. The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox

2. The classes were taught by Professor Smith

2. AS AN ADJECTIVE

Past Participle is an adjective if it doesn’t appears with have or be.

Past Participle is an adjective if it is not accompanied by have or

be.

Ex.

1. The letter left in the mailbox was for me

2. The classes taught by Professor Smith were interesting

 Example

THE BREAD ____ BAKED THIS MORNING

SMELLED DELICIOUS.
 
(A) HAS
(B) WAS
(C) IT
(D) JUST
 Exercise 4

___I__ 1. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious

____C_ 2. The plane landed on the deserted runway

______ 3. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime

______ 4. The courses are listed in the catalogue are required
course

______ 5. The teacher found the lost exam

______ 6. The small apartment very crowded and disorganized

______ 7. The photographs developed yesterday showed Sam and his friends

______ 8. The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels

______ 9. The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into logs

______ 10. The students registered in this course are listed on that sheet of paper
 TOEFL
TOEFL EXERCISE
EXERCISE (Skills
(Skills 3-4
3-4))

1. The first _____ appeared during the last period of the

dinosaurs’ reign.  
(A) flowers are plants 4. Pluto’s moon, Charon, _____
(B) plants have flowers in a slightly elliptical path around the planet.
(C) plants flowers (A) moving
(D) flowering plants (B) is moving
  (C) it was moving
2. The earliest medicines _____ from plants of various sorts. (D) in its movement
(A) obtaining  
(B) they obtained 5. Techniques of breath control form
(C) were obtained an essential part of any _____ program
(D) they were obtained to improve the voice.
  (A) it trains
3, Simple sails were made from canvas _____ over a frame. (B) train
(A) a stretch (C) trains
(B) stretched (D) training
(C) was stretched
(D) it was stretched  
 

 
6. Robert E. Lee ____ the Confederate army to General Grant
in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse.
(A) surrendered  
(B) he surrendered
9. Multinational companies ________
(C) surrendering
it increasingly important to employ
(D) surrender
  internationally acceptable brand names.
7. The pituitary gland, _____ the brain, releases hormones to (A) finding
control other glands. (B) are finding
(A) found below (C) they find
(B) it is found below (D) they are finding
(C) its foundation below  
(D) finds itself below 10. The cornea is located under the conjunctiva,
  on ______ of the eye.
8. At around two years of age, many children regularly (A) the part is exposed
produce sentences _____ three or four words. (B) exposed the part
(A) are containing (C) the exposed part
(B) containing (D) exposes the part
(C) contain.
(D) contains planet.
 
SKILL 5: COORDINATE CONNECTORS
COORDINATE CONNECTORS: and, but, or, so

 Many sentences in English have more than one clause

 Clause is a group of words containing a Subject and a Verb
 Two clauses in English sentences are connected by a
Coordinate Connector (and, but, or, so )

Look at the sentences below:

 The sun was shining, and the sky was blue

 The sky was blue, but it was very cold

 It may rain tonight, or it may be clear

 It was raining outside, so I took my umbrella

EXAMPLE

I FORGOT MY COAT, _______ I GOT VERY COLD.

(A) THEN
(B) SO
(C) LATER
(D) AS A RESULT 
 COORDINATE CONNECTORS

and but or so

S V Coor. Connectors S V

It was raining, but Bill went out

 Exercise 5

__C__ 1. The lawn needs water every day, or it will turn brown

__I __ 2. The book was not long, but it difficult to read

______ 3. It was raining, so decided not to go camping

______ 4. The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together

______ 5. The patient took all the medicine, he did not feel much better

______ 6. The bill must be paid immediately, or the electricity will turned off

______ 7. The furnace broke so the house got quite cold

______ 8. The dress did not cost too much, but the quality it seemed excellent
______ 9. The leaves kept falling off the tress, and the boys kept raking them
up, but the yard was still covered
______ 10. The postman has already delivered the mail, so the letter is
not going to arrive today, it probably will arrive tomorrow
SKILL 6: ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTORS
Adverb clause connectors are

Because  Although
After  Even though
Before
 Though
 While
When
 If
Until  Whether
Since  As
 LOOK AT THE SENTENCE BELOW:

He is tired because he has been working hard or

Because he has been working hard, he is tired

 He is tired = adverb clause

 He has been working hard = adverb clause

 Because = connector
EXAMPLE

….. arrived at the library, he started to work immediately

A. The students
B. When
C. He
D. After the student
 Exercise 6
______ 1. After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway

______ 2. The registration process took many hours since the lines so long

______ 3 This type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effects

______ 4. The waves were amazingly high when the storm hit the coastal town

______ 5. We need to get a new car whether is on sale or not

______ 6. Just as the bread came out of the oven, while a wonderful aroma
filled the kitchen
______ 7. Everyone has spent time unpacking boxes since the family moved
into the new house

______ 8. Although the area is a desert many plants bloom there in the springtime

______ 9. The drivers on the freeway drove slowly and carefully while the rain was
falling heavily because they did not want to have an accident

______ 10. If you plan carefully before you take a trip, will have a much
better time because the small details will not cause problems
 TOEFL
TOEFL EXERCISE
EXERCISE (Skills
(Skills 5-6)
5-6)

1. A spacecraft is freed from friction ____ launched into space.

(A) it
 
(B) it is
4. A car has several sections with
(C) after is
moving parts, of those
(D) after it is
parts is essential.
 
(A) good lubrication
2. ____ with their surroundings, or they hide in crevices for
(B) well lubricated
protection.
(C) and good lubrication
(A) Lobsters
(D) and well lubricated
(B) Lobsters blend
 
(C) Lobsters blending
5. Bears cannot see well _____ small eyes.
(D) Because lobsters blend
(A) bears have
 
(B) because having
3. _____ a ball-and-socket joint, the elbow is a simple hinge
(C) because they have
joint.
(D) because of bears
(A) While the shoulder
(B) While the shoulder is
(C) The shoulder is
(D) The shoulder
 

 
6. _____ at the Isthmus of Panama, so animals were able to
migrate between North and South America.
(A) A land bridge existed
(B) When a land bridge existed  9. An optical microscope magnifies
(C) A land bridge as much as 2,000 times, but an electron
(D) With a land bridge microscope as much as a million times.
(A) magnifying
7. mostly made of granite, it also contains some (B) it magnifies
human-made materials. (C) can magnify
(A) The Empire State Building (D) magnify it
(B) The Empire State Building is  
(C) Although the Empire State Building is 10. If scientific estimates are accurate,
(D) Although the Empire State Building is ___ _ with the Earth about
built 20,000 years ago.
  (A) the Canon Diablo meteorite collided
8. Pressure differences make the eardrum vibrate _____ (B) the collision of the Canon Diablo
the ear. meteorite
(A) enters the sound waves (C) the Canon Diablo meteorite colliding
(B) as sound waves (D) colliding the Canon Diablo meteorite
(C) sound waves enter
(D) as sound waves enter