Moral Philosophical Approach: Christine Abegail Tejones

MORAL PHILOSOPHICAL
APPROACH
CHRISTINE ABEGAIL TEJONES

What is moral-philosophical
approach in literary criticism?
 What view of life does the story present? Which
character best articulates this viewpoint?
 What moral statement, if any, does this story make? Is

it explicit or implicit?
 Literature is source of moral guide
and spiritual inspiration.
Plato emphasizes literary work is a

story that display moralism and
utilitarianism
 In literature, morality and
philosophy are often held as the
higher purpose of writing.
Here are the following proponents of this
approach:
1. Aristotle – Considered literature as capable of

fostering virtue
2. Horace - Literature should be “delightful and

instructive”
3. Samuel Johnson - function of literature is to
teach morality and to probe philosophical issues.
4. Matthew Arnold - Stated that poetry’s most

important offering is its moral/philosophical teaching. It’s a
source of moral and spiritual inspiration.
LITERARY CRITICISM
CHRISTINE ABEGAIL TEJONES

RESPONSE
READING
WATCHING CRITICISM
LISTENING APPROACHE
S
PEOPLE ARE
MEANING – MAKING MACHINES
 our own
understanding and
natural  life experience to
tendency to date.
assign
meaning
PEOPLE ARE
MEANING – MAKING MACHINES
EVERYONE HAS A
CRITICAL APPROACH
TO BRING TO THEIR
READING.
What is CRITICISM?
Criticism > Greek words
“krino” meaning “to judge”
and
“krites” meaning “a judge
or jury person”
In general, criticism is the
expression of disapproval
of someone or something
on the basis of perceived
faults or mistakes
In literary terms, criticism
is the analysis and
judgment of the merits and
faults of a literary work.
Literary criticism is the comparison,
analysis, interpretation, and evaluation
of works of literature
FORMALISM
APPROACHES
• FORMALISM
This approach focuses on form.
The analysis stresses items like symbols,
images, and structure and how one part of the
work relates to other parts and to the whole.
APPROACHES
• FORMALISM
Considers the following:

structure
elements
APPROACHES
• FORMALISM
 meaning how the entire structure is unified literary elements
 paradox,
 repetition,
 irony,
 theme,
 symbol,
 motif,
 characterization
 imagery,
 plot,
 diction,
 style of narration,
 syntax,
 tone,
 figures of speech,
 mood, etc.)
APPROACHES
• FORMALISM
 Who are the characters?
 What is the effect of the plot?
 What figures of speech are used? (metaphors,

similes, hyperbole, personification, etc.)
BIOGRAPHICAL
Biography an account
of someone's life written
by someone else.
APPROACHES
• BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
 What aspects of the author’s personal life are
relevant to this story?
 Which of the author’s stated beliefs are

reflected in the work?
APPROACHES
• BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
 Analyzes the literary work by focusing on the
author, written by actual people.
 Understanding an author's life can help readers
more thoroughly comprehend the work
APPROACHES
• BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
Considers the following:
* the author’s stated beliefs,
* the author’s personal life and experiences,
* the values of the author’s contemporaries.

HISTORICAL
History - the study of
past events, particularly
in human affairs.
APPROACHES
• HISTORICAL CRITICISM
 This approach "seeks to understand a literary work by
investigating the social, cultural, and intellectual context
that produced it - a context that necessarily includes the
artist's biography and milieu."
APPROACHES
Focuses on connection of work to
author’s personal experiences.
APPROACHES
Specific historical information will be of key interest:
 information about the time during which an author wrote,
about
 the time in which the text is set, about the ways in which
people of the period saw and thought about the world in
which they lived.
APPROACHES
 How does it reflect the time in which it was
written?
 What historical events or movements might

have influenced this writer?
GENDER
APPROACHES
• GENDER-QUEER CRITICISM
 This approach "examines how sexual identity
influences the creation and reception of
literary works."
APPROACHES
People of different genders see things differently.
For example, a feminist critic might see cultural and
economic disparities as the products of a “patriarchal”
society, shaped and dominated by men, who tend to
decide things by various means of competition.
APPROACHES
This have hindered or prevented women from realizing
their creative possibilities, including woman’s cultural
identification as merely a passive object, or “Other,” and
man is the defining and dominating subject.
APPROACHES
 What behavioral expectations are imposed on the
characters? What effect do these expectations
have?
 If a female character were male, how would the

story be different ?
READER-
RESPONSE
APPROACHES
• READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM
 This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that
"literature" exists not as an artifact upon a printed
page but as a transaction between the physical text
and the mind of a reader.
APPROACHES
It attempts "to describe what happens in the
reader's mind while interpreting a text" and
reflects that reading, like writing, is a creative
process.
APPROACHES
 based on the idea that texts do not have a set
meaning; meanings come from the reader and are
personal.
APPROACHES
 Which of your personal experiences or memories is
affecting your perceptions of the story?
 How does the meaning of a text change as you

reread it?

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MORAL PHILOSOPHICAL

CHRISTINE ABEGAIL TEJONES

 What moral statement, if any, does this story make? Is

Plato emphasizes literary work is a

1. Aristotle – Considered literature as capable of

2. Horace - Literature should be “delightful and

4. Matthew Arnold - Stated that poetry’s most

CHRISTINE ABEGAIL TEJONES

Considers the following:

 What is the effect of the plot?

 What figures of speech are used? (metaphors,

 Which of the author’s stated beliefs are

* the values of the author’s contemporaries.

 What historical events or movements might

 If a female character were male, how would the

 How does the meaning of a text change as you

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