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Post Transcriptional Modification: Roll No 13 To 25

Post-transcriptional modifications transform primary transcripts into mature RNAs through processes like 5' capping, polyadenylation, splicing, and base modifications. The 5' end of mRNA is capped with a 7-methylguanosine to stabilize the structure and enable translation. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are spliced together. tRNAs and rRNAs also undergo base modifications and addition of nucleotides after transcription. Certain antibiotics and toxins can inhibit RNA synthesis by blocking the activity of RNA polymerase.

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Breen Stany Bosco 19
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28 views13 pages

Post Transcriptional Modification: Roll No 13 To 25

Post-transcriptional modifications transform primary transcripts into mature RNAs through processes like 5' capping, polyadenylation, splicing, and base modifications. The 5' end of mRNA is capped with a 7-methylguanosine to stabilize the structure and enable translation. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are spliced together. tRNAs and rRNAs also undergo base modifications and addition of nucleotides after transcription. Certain antibiotics and toxins can inhibit RNA synthesis by blocking the activity of RNA polymerase.

Uploaded by

Breen Stany Bosco 19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POST

TRANSCRIPTIONAL
MODIFICATION
ROLL NO 13 TO 25
INDRODUCTION
• The RNAs produced during transcription are called
primary transcripts.
• They undergo many alterations, which are
collectively referred to as post-transcriptional
modification
• These include ✨ endonuclease cleavage ✨poly A
tailing ✨5’capping ✨ methylation ✨removal of
introns ✨ splicing of exons
THE 5’ CAPPING

• The 5’ end of m-rna is capped with


7methyl guanosyl by an unusual
5’to5' triphosphate linkage.
• S-Adenosyl-methionine is the donor
of methyl group.
• This cap is required for translation,
besides stabilizing the structure of
mRNA.
POLY A TAIL
🍁 A large number of eukaryoti mRNAss possess an
adenine nucleotide chain at the 3'-end.
🍁This poly-A tail, as such, is not produced during
transcription.
🍁lt is later added to stabilize mRNA.
🍁However, poly-A chain gets reduced as the mRNA
enters cytosol.
SPLICING
• Introns :Long intervening sequence which don’t
code for any aminoacids
• Exons : these are sequences which code for
amino acids
• SPLICING=Removal of introns+ pasting exons
together
• SnRNPS(snurps): small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
particles Which play crucial role in splicing
• Autoantibodies against snurps is seen in
Systemic lupus erythematosis
❌👉
SPLICING
AN OVERVIEW
MODIFICATIONS OF TRNA

• All the tRNAs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes


undergo post-transcriptional modification.
• These include trimming, converting the existing
base into unusual ones, and addition of CCA
nucleotides to 3' terminal end of tRNAs.
MODIFICATIONS OF RRNA

• The preribosomal RNAs originally synthesized are


converted to ribosomal RNAs by a series of post-
transcriptionall changes.
• Post transcriptional modification of eukaryotic rna
is processed before leaving the nucleus.
INHIBITORS

• The synthesis of RNA is inhibited bv


certain antibiotics and toxins.
• Actinomycin D : This is also known as
• dactinomycin. lt is synthesized by
Streptomyces.
• Actinomycin D binds with DNA template
• and blocks the movement of RNA
polymerase.
• Rifampin : lt is an antibiotic widely used for
• the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy.
• Rifampin binds with the p-subunit of prokaryotic
• RNA polymerase and inhibits its activity.
• A-Amanitin : lt is a toxin produced by
• mushroom, Amanita phalloides. This mushroom
• is delicious in taste but poisonous due to the
• toxin o-amanitin which tightly binds with RNA
• polymerase ll of eukaryotes and inhibits
• transcription.

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