MODULE - 3, Lesson - 3.1 and ACTIVITY

ASAP
DISASTER
RESISTANT
ARCHITECTURE
(ARCH 351)
ALPNA ROHATGI
1
ASAP
Module - 3
General Planning and Design
Considerations- Cyclones & Floods
2
ASAP
Lesson 3.1
General planning/design
considerations under wind
storms & cyclones
3
Lesson – 3.1 ASAP
Learning Objectives
After studying this lesson student will be able to:
1. describe the types of damages caused

to building due to cyclonic winds.
2. Highlight the Catastrophic Failures caused
by during the cyclones.
3. explain local building construction technologies
for cyclone resistant buildings.
4. Identify theplanning aspects related to
structure design to reduce the effects of
cyclonic winds. 4
ASAP
Storms and Cyclones

5
Vulnerability ASAP
6
TYPES OF DAMAGE DURING
CYCLONES ASAP
Following types of damage are

commonly seen to occur during
high wind speeds:
 Uprooting of trees, which disrupt

rail and road transportation;
 Failures of many cantilever
structures such as sign posts,
electric poles, and transmission
line towers;
 Damage to improperly attached
windows or window frames;
 Damage to roof projections and
sunshades; http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.com/2016/06/architechtura
l-design-construction-in.html 7
CYCLONES ASAP
 Failure of improperly
attached or constructed
parapets;
 Overturning failures of
compound walls
 Failure of weakly built
walls;
 Failure of roofs and roof
covering-This is perhaps
the commonest area of
failure in cyclones.
http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.com/2016/06/architechtural-design-construction-in.html 8
CYCLONES ASAP
 Brittle failure of asbestos Punching and blowing off

- cement (AC) sheeting of corrugated iron roofing
of the roofs of Industrial sheets attached to steel
sheds; failure of AC trusses;
sheets is generally
along eaves, ridges &
gable ends;
 Foundations-The uplift
forces from cyclone winds
can sometimes pull
buildings completely out
of the ground.
9
CYCLONES ASAP
 Steel frames: Usually the

weakness in steel frames
is in the connections.
 Timber House: light-
weight timber houses
coupled with poor
connections is a
dangerous combination
 Rafters- longitudinal
splitting of rafters with the
top halves disappearing
and leaving the bottom
halves in place. 10
Effect of Cyclonic Wind Speed ASAP
Wind Speed Typical Possible Movement

m/sec.
30-35 Roof sheets fixed to battens fly
35-40 Rafters fly off
40-45 Roof tiles nailed to battens fly
45-50 Garden walls blow over
50-55 Unreinforced brick walls fail
55-60 Major damage from flying debris
60-65 75 mm thick concrete slabs fly
11
Catastrophic Failures ASAP
12
How high speed winds ASAP
damage buildings
13
Damaging effect on ASAP
buildings
Due to the high
wind pressure
and improper
connection with
the base/
foundation of the
building it can be
blown away
14
Damaging effect on
ASAP
buildings
Roofing
materials not
anchored can
be blown away
15
Damaging effect on
ASAP
buildings
Cyclones are
accompanied
with heavy rains
for long duration,
the buildings can
be damaged
heavily due to
flooding also
16
Damaging effect on ASAP
buildings
If buildings are not tied
properly to its footings/
foundation and
Walls cannot resist the
push/pull forces,
the buildings tend to
collapse starting from
roof with the building
leaning in the direction
of the wind
17
Vulnerable buildings ASAP
18
Construction Techniques ASAP
19
20
21
Types of roof damage ASAP
Failure point of pitched roof building due the high velocity winds
Source: Guidelines for improving Wind/Cyclone Resistance of Housing, 2010, BMTPC 22
Wind effects on roof design ASAP
• For reducing wind forces on the roof, a

hipped or pyramidal roof is preferable to
the gable type roof
• In areas of high cyclonic activity, light
weight (GI or AC sheet) low pitch roofs
either should be avoided.
• Pitched roofs with slopes in the range 22-
30 degrees are preferred as it not only
reduce suction in roofs but would also Source: Guidelines for improving Wind/Cyclone Resistance of Housing,
2010, BMTPC
facilitate quick drainage of storm water. 23
Overhangs ASAP
The roof projections should be kept to a minimum, say

not exceeding 500mm, or else, the larger projections be
tied down adequately
Source: Guidelines for improving Wind/Cyclone Resistance of Housing, 2010, BMTPC
24
Overhangs and Verandas ASAP
• Overhangs, patios and verandahs experience high wind

pressures and should be kept short and small
• Porticos, verandahs should be built as a separate structure
not as the extension of the main building, may be blown
without damaging the main structure
Source: Guidelines for improving Wind/Cyclone Resistance of Housing, 2010, BMTPC 25
Video ASAP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLi
HtlaC8Cc
26
DESIGN ASPECTS ASAP
 Avoid a low pitched roof

 Use of Hip roof (or) High
Pitched gable roof
 Avoid over hanging roofs.
 Cyclone shutters to be
introduced in the openings
 Minimize the length of
projections
 Recommended steel
reinforcement should be
provided in vertical and
horizontal directions.
27
DESIGN ASPECTS ASAP
 The foundation of the building should be designed by

taking bearing capacity under the soil strata conditions
and also checked the uplift pressure.
 The wall should resist the horizontal forces developed
by cyclone.
 The joints are the vulnerable points should be properly
designed and inter connection is essential.
 The self weight of roof should be increased to
counteract the uplift pressure developed by the cyclone,
the structural components inter connected and
anchored with the foundations so
that the entire building should be act as one unit. 28

DESIGN ASPECTS ASAP
 The overhanging roofs eves projections are restricted.

 The sloped roof is preferable rather than flat roof and
low pitched roof are to be avoided
 In the coastal area the steel section should be
protected from corrosion and use the anti corrosion
reinforcement for the buildings. The cover for the
reinforcement and quality of concrete are ensured for
durability.
29
10 Key principles for cyclone
ASAP
resistant construction
30
Lesson Summary ASAP
1. Understand the damages caused to

building due to cyclonic winds.
2. Identify the Catastrophic Failures caused
by during the cyclones.
3. different local building
construction technologies for cyclone resistant
buildings.
4. Planning aspects related to structure design to
reduce the effects of cyclonic winds.
31
ASAP
Thankyou
32
Activity - 1 ASAP
Time Allowed: 25 minutes Date:
Max. Marks: 50
Cyclone damages to house/building can be
reduced by taking corrective measures at the
right time.
Prepare a
‘HOUSE INSPECTION CHECKLIST’
covering structural and non-structural
elements within a house to decrease the
effect of cyclones.
(Minimum 25 items to be mentioned in the list covering from
bottom to the top of the building)
33
Note: First FIVE presentations will be awarded with extra 5 marks

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ASAP

1. describe the types of damages caused

Storms and Cyclones

Following types of damage are

 Uprooting of trees, which disrupt

 Brittle failure of asbestos Punching and blowing off

 Steel frames: Usually the

Wind Speed Typical Possible Movement

• For reducing wind forces on the roof, a

The roof projections should be kept to a minimum, say

• Overhangs, patios and verandahs experience high wind

 Avoid a low pitched roof

 The foundation of the building should be designed by

that the entire building should be act as one unit. 28

 The overhanging roofs eves projections are restricted.

1. Understand the damages caused to

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