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    Virology: Biol364 Cell Physiology

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    Marzia Yari
    Virology presentation

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    Virology: Biol364 Cell Physiology

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    Marzia Yari
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    Virology presentation

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    Virology

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    Virology presentation

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views25 pages

    Virology: Biol364 Cell Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Marzia Yari
    Virology presentation

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Virology

    Biol364 Cell Physiology


    Viruses
    • Rely on host cells for their replication
    • infect all organisms (but are host-
    specific).
    • have small genomes (ds DNA or ss RNA)
    that encode proteins to replicate the
    genome, package it and deliver it to the
    host, and/or to enhance replication of
    virus.
    • Many cause disease- are pathogenic
    • Virulence varies.
    Lou et al. 2014
    Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2014 35, 86-102DOI: (10.1016/j.tips.2013.11.006)
    Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions
    1. Human immuno-deficiency virus
    2. Influenza virus
    3. SARS-CoV and Covid-19
    4. Vaccines

    David M. Morens and Anthony S. Fauci


    Cell 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.021
    Entry

    Engelman and Cherepanov, 2012


    Robert Blumenthal, Ph.D
    Disarming Flu Viruses.
    Scientific American. January 6, 1999
    N. Bischofberger, R. G. Webster, W. G. Laver
    Robert Blumenthal, Ph.D
    Disarming Flu Viruses.
    Scientific American. January 6, 1999
    N. Bischofberger, R. G. Webster, W. G. Laver
    SARS CoV-2
    Covid-19 pandemic
    affects :
    Respiratory system
    Causing SARS
    intestine
    neurological
    Liver.

    https://www.fda.gov
    SARS CoV-2 is the virus that Single-strand RNA genomes
    causes the illness/condition SARS = Severe acute respiratory syndrome- and other effects.
    called Covid-19. Spike glycoprotein protein
    It is related to SARS CoV-1, • Receptor for recognition and entry into the host cell via ACE2.
    the virus that caused the • Cleavage in the lysosome results in membrane fusion and
    release of viral contents to cytoplasm.
    SARS outbreak in 2002-
    2004. Membrane protein and Envelope Protein make up the envelope.

    N nucleocapsid protein- packages the RNA genome

    pp1a and pp1b


    • polyproteins synthesized upon infection in host cell to carry out
    intracellular steps of the infection.
    • cleaved by proteases to produce non-structural proteins (nsp’s)
    • viral replicase and transcriptase complex.
    • generate vesicles from the rough ER where the replication and
    transcription can evade detection by innate PAMP receptors of the
    innate immune system and elicit interferon secretion.

    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    SARS CoV-2

    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    SARS CoV-2

    ACE2
    • Binding site for SARS CoV2 and Covid-19 viruses
    • angiotensin converting enzyme 2
    • In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for the control
    blood pressure and heart output.
    • Expressed in cells of lungs, heart, kidneys and intestines (targets
    of infection.)

    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    • Viral Spike protein binds to
    • angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
    • cell surface serine protease TMPRSS2

    • perinuclear double-membrane vesicles (DMVs)

    • ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)

    V’kovski, P., Kratzel, A., Steiner, S. et al. Nat Rev


    Microbiol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-
    020-00468-6
    Chatterjee et al. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2020 | Volume 7 | Article 196
    ADE antibody dependent enhancement
    SARS CoV-2

    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    F.N.Novikov, V.S.Stroylov, I.V.Svitanko, V.E.Nebolsin Russ. Chem. Rev., 2020, 89 (8) 858 ± 878
    USA: 50 000 deaths from flu every year in the absence of epidemic

    Number of
    Rank Condition
    Deaths

    1 Heart Disease 737,563


    2 Cancer 538,455
    3 Cerebrovascular disease 157,991
    4 Chronic obstructive lung disease 102,899
    5 Unintentional injury 93,320

    6 Pneumonia and Influenza 82,923


    7 Diabetes 59,254
    8 HIV and AIDS 43,115
    9 Suicide 31,284

    10 Chronic liver diseases 25,222

    Modified from: National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 1996-97 and Injury Chartbook,
    Hyattsville, Maryland: 1997 p.117.
    David M. Morens and Anthony S. Fauci
    Cell 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.021
    Ewen Callaway Nature | Vol 580 | 30 April 2020
    Ewen Callaway Nature | Vol 580 | 30 April 2020
    Ewen Callaway Nature | Vol 580 | 30 April 2020
    Ewen Callaway Nature | Vol 580 | 30 April 2020

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