Inverses of Functions

Section 1.6
Objective
To be able to find


inverses of
functions.
Relevance
 To be able to model a
set of raw data after a
function to best
represent that data.
Go Over Quiz
 Warm Up: Graph & give the
domain & range.

 x  5, x  3

f ( x)  2, 3  x 1
 x  4, x  1


Answer on Next Slide

 Warm Up #3: Graph & give the
domain & range.

 x  5, x  3

f ( x)  2, 3  x 1
 x  4, x  1

x y x y

-3 2 1 -3
-4 1 2 -2
-5 0 3 -1
4 0

D :   ,  3    3 ,  
R :   ,   
 Intro to Inverses
 Sneetches Video or Read Story Quickly
 A function describes the relationship between
2 variables, applying a rule to an input that
generates exactly one output.
 For such relationships, we are often
compelled to “reverse” or “undo” the rule.
 The Sneetches Story
 Some of the Sneetches have stars on their
yellow bellies; some do not.
 In the story, Sylvester McMonkey McBean
builds a machine that can apply these stars.
 Sneetches without stars pay McBean to make
them look like their start-bellied friends.
 When all Sneetches appear the same, another
problem emerges. So………………
 The Sneetches Story
 McBean builds a second machine to “reverse”
the action of the first one – one that removes
the stars.

 Can you identify the math connections to this

story?
 Math Connections
 functions
McBean’s machine represents____________.

 The second machine “reverses” the action of

inverse
the first, thereby acting as an ____________.
 Progress of Inverses
Throughout Math
 Learned Addition and then its inverse
operation Subtraction.
 Learned Multiplication and then its inverse
operation Division.
 Learning Perfect Squares connects with
extracting Square Roots
 Basically – Inverses are a second
operation that reverses the first one!
 Calculator Inverses
 Take a look at your GDC’s and observe the
keys.
 Do you notice that inverse operations of
many calculator commands are “second”
functions?
 A calculator key pairs an operation or
function with its inverse.
 Inverse Function Partner
Share.

List the sequence of steps needed to evaluate

this function:

1. Square the Input

2. Multiply by 9
3. Add 4
Inverse Functions Partner
Share
 Divide into groups of 3 or 4.
 Each group will be given two functions.
 For each function:
1) List the steps of each function
2) Provide 3 ordered pairs that will
satisfy the function.
 Seek out other teams who had the other half of the
function share information. For example, a team that
had 2A will seek out a team that had 2B.
 Class Discussion – What do you notice about the
“undoing” of inverses of functions?
 Warm Up #3: Graph & give the
domain & range.

 x  5, x  3

f ( x)  2, 3  x 1
 x  4, x  1


Answer on Next Slide

 Warm Up #3: Graph & give the
domain & range.

 x  5, x  3

f ( x)  2, 3  x 1
 x  4, x  1

x y x y

-3 2 1 -3
-4 1 2 -2
-5 0 3 -1
4 0

D :   ,  3    3 ,  
R :   ,   
 Inverse of a relation
 The inverse of the ordered pairs (x, y) is the
set of all ordered pairs (y, x).

 The Domain of the function is the range of the

inverse and the Range of the function is the
Domain of the inverse.

1 In other words, switch the

 Symbol: f ( x) x’s and y’s!
Example: {(1,2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}

Inverse:

2 ,1 , 4 , 2 , 6 , 3 , 8 , 4 
 Function notation? What is really
happening when you find the
inverse?

Find the inverse of f(x)=4x-2

x *4 -2 4x-2

(x+2)/4 /4 +2 x

f 1
x    x  2
So
4
To find an inverse…
 Switch the x’s and y’s.

 Solve for y.

 Change to functional notation.

Find Inverse: f ( x )  8 x  1
f ( x)  8 x  1
y  8x  1
x  8 y 1
8 y  x 1
x 1
y
8
x 1
f x  
1

8
Find Inverse: f ( x )  8 x  2
f ( x)  8 x  2
y  8x  2
x  8y  2
8y  x  2
x2
y
8
1 x2
f 
8
 3x  1
Find Inverse: f ( x ) 
2
3x  1
f x  
2
3x  1
y
2
3y 1
x
2
3 y  1  2x
3 y  2x 1
2x 1
y
3
2x 1
f 1 
3
 2
Find Inverse: f ( x )  x  4
f x   x  4
2

2
y  x 4
2
x y 4
2
y  x4
y  x4
1
f ( x)   x  4
 Draw the inverse. Compare to the
line y = x. What do you notice?
y  x
 5,3 3,5
 4,2 2,4
 3,1 1,3
 2,1 1,2
1,1 1,1
0,1 1,0
1,5 5,1
 Graph the inverse of the following:

The function and

x y its inverse are
symmetric with
0 -5
-3 -4 respect to the
1 2 Line y = x.
1 4
How Does an Inverse Exist
More on One-To-One
 Recall that a function is a set of
ordered pairs where every first
coordinate has exactly one second
coordinate.
 A one-to-one function has the added
constraint that each 2nd coordinate has
exactly one 1st coordinate.
Example
Example
Example
 Things to note..
 The domain of f 1
x  is the range of f(x).

 The graph of an inverse function can be found

by reflecting a function in the line y=x.

Check this by plotting y = 3x + 1 and

x  1 on your graphic calculator.
y
3 Take a look
 Reflecting..5
y=3x+1
4

3 y=x
2
1
y=(x-1)/3
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3

-4
-5
 Find the inverse of the function.

x y
f ( x)  x 2
x   y
2

y  x2

Is the inverse also a function? Let’s look at the

graphs. f  x   x 2

f 1
x    x
If f x   x ,
2

x  y2
x y2
NOTE: Inverse is NOT
y x Inverse
a function!
Horizontal Line Test
 Recall that a function passes the
vertical line test.

 The graph of a one-to-one function will

pass the horizontal line test. (A
horizontal line passes through the
function in only one place at a time.)
Is it an Inverse?
A function can only have an inverse if it is
one-to-one.

You can use the horizontal line test on

graphical representations to see if the
function is one-to-one.
Composition and Inverses
 If f and g are functions and
( f  g )( x)  g  f x   x,

then f and g are inverses of one

another.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 Example: Show that the following are
inverses of each other.

1 2
f x   7 x  2 and g x   x 
7 7
1 2
 f  g x   7 x    2 g  f x   1 7 x  2   2
7 7
7 7
2 2
 x22  x 
7 7
x x

The composition of each both produce

a value of x; Therefore, they are inverses
of each other.
Are f & g inverses? f ( x)  x 3  4
g ( x)  3 x  4

 f  g x     g  f x   3
3
x4 4
3 x3  4  4
 x44  3 x3
x x

YE S !
You Try….
 Show that
1 3
f x   4 x  3 and g ( x )  x 
4 4
 are inverses of each other.
 f  g x   g  f x   x
Therefore , they ARE
inverses of each other.
 f ( x)  3x  2
Are f & g inverses?
x2
g ( x) 
3

3x  2  2
 x2
 f  g x   3 2
g  f x  
 3  3
 x22 3x

x 3
x

YE S !