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    Seminar ON Osteomalacia: BY Sheela Rajakumari MSC Nursing 1 Year MMM College of Nursing

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    Sheela Raja Kumari
    This seminar discusses osteomalacia, a disease characterized by softening of the bones. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency which can result from limited sun exposure, digestive disorders, kidney/liver problems, or certain medications. Symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels along with x-rays showing bone demineralization. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation through diet, supplements, or injections to help remineralize bones. Complications can include fractures, growth deformities, seizures, and issues with bone alignment if left untreated.

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    Seminar ON Osteomalacia: BY Sheela Rajakumari MSC Nursing 1 Year MMM College of Nursing

    Uploaded by

    Sheela Raja Kumari
    197 views24 pages
    This seminar discusses osteomalacia, a disease characterized by softening of the bones. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency which can result from limited sun exposure, digestive disorders, kidney/liver problems, or certain medications. Symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels along with x-rays showing bone demineralization. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation through diet, supplements, or injections to help remineralize bones. Complications can include fractures, growth deformities, seizures, and issues with bone alignment if left untreated.

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    OSTEOMALACIA

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    This seminar discusses osteomalacia, a disease characterized by softening of the bones. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency which can result from limited sun exposure, digestive disorders, kidney/liver problems, or certain medications. Symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels along with x-rays showing bone demineralization. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation through diet, supplements, or injections to help remineralize bones. Complications can include fractures, growth deformities, seizures, and issues with bone alignment if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    197 views24 pages

    Seminar ON Osteomalacia: BY Sheela Rajakumari MSC Nursing 1 Year MMM College of Nursing

    Uploaded by

    Sheela Raja Kumari
    This seminar discusses osteomalacia, a disease characterized by softening of the bones. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency which can result from limited sun exposure, digestive disorders, kidney/liver problems, or certain medications. Symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels along with x-rays showing bone demineralization. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation through diet, supplements, or injections to help remineralize bones. Complications can include fractures, growth deformities, seizures, and issues with bone alignment if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    SEMINAR

    ON
    OSTEOMALACIA
    BY
    SHEELA RAJAKUMARI
    MSc NURSING 1ST YEAR
    MMM COLLEGE OF NURSING
    INTRODUCTION
    • Osteomalacia is a weakening of the bones. Problems
    with bone formation or the bone-building process
    causes osteomalacia.
    • Osteomalacia is derived from Greek: osteo- which
    means "bone", and malacia which means "softness". In
    the past, the disease was also known as malacosteon.
    DEFINITION

    Osteomalacia is defined as a
    disease characterized by the softening of the
    bones caused by impaired bone metabolism
    due to inadequate levels of available
    phosphate, calcium and vitamin D, or
    because of resorption of calcium.
    CAUSES OF OSTEOMALACIA
    The risk of developing osteomalacia is highest
    • in people who don't get enough dietary vitamin D
    • have little sun exposure,
    • such as older adults and those who are housebound
    CAUSES OF OSTEOMALACIA
    • VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY -
    Sunlight produces vitamin D in your
    skin.
    • People who live in areas where
    sunlight is limited, get little
    exposure to sunlight or eat diet low
    in vitamin D developes vitamin D
    deficiency.
    Cont..
    • CERTAIN SURGERIES - Normally, the
    stomach breaks down food to release calcium
    and other minerals that are absorbed in the
    intestine.
    • This process is disrupted if you have surgery to
    remove part or all of your stomach or to bypass
    your small intestine and can result in vitamin D
    and calcium deficiency.
    Cont..
    • CELIAC DISEASE - In this autoimmune
    disorder, foods containing gluten, a protein
    found in wheat, barley and rye, can damage
    the lining of your small intestine. A damaged
    intestinal lining doesn't absorb nutrients well,
    and can lead to vitamin D and calcium
    deficiency.
    Cont..
    • KIDNEY OR LIVER DISORDERS - These
    organs are involved in activating vitamin
    D in your body. Problems with your
    kidneys or liver can affect your body's
    ability to make active vitamin D.
    Cont..
    • DRUGS - Some drugs used to treat
    seizures, including phenytoin and
    phenobarbital, can cause severe vitamin D
    deficiency and osteomalacia.
    NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Less exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun

    Interruption in hydroxylation in liver to form 25-hydroxy vitamin


    D

    Interruption in hydroxylation in the kidney to form 1,25-


    dihydroxy vitamin D

    Less activation of vitamin D receptors

    Low absorption of calcium to bones


    Cont..

    Osteomalacia occurs

    Pain, tenderness, fracture.


    kyphosis.,etc
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
    OSTEOMALACIA
    • Diffuse joint and bone pain (especially of
    spine, pelvis, and legs)
    • Muscle weakness
    • Difficulty walking, often with waddling gait
    • Hypocalcemia (positive Chvostek sign)
    • Compressed vertebrae and diminished
    stature
    Chvostek sign

    Chvostek sign is
    contraction of facial
    muscles provoked by
    lightly tapping over the
    facial nerve anterior to
    the ear
    Cont..
    • Pelvic flattening
    • Weak, soft bones
    • Easy fracturing
    • Bending of bones
    Cont..
    • Osteomalacia in adults starts insidiously as aches and pains in the
    lumbar (lower back) region and thighs before spreading to the arms
    and ribs.
    • The pain is symmetrical, non-radiating and accompanied by sensitivity
    in the involved bones.
    • Proximal muscles are weak, and there is difficulty in climbing up stairs
    and getting up from a squatting position.
    DIAGNOSIS
    BIOCHEMICAL • Low Serum And Urinary Calcium
    FINDINGS • Low Serum Phosphate
    • Elevated Serum Alkaline
    Phosphate
    • Elevated Para Thyroid Hormones
    DIAGNOSIS
    RADIOLOGY

    X-RAY
    • demineralization of bones,
    • compressed vertebrae,
    • Pseudofracture – also called
    looser’s bone
    • Protrusio acetabuli – hip joint
    disorder
    Pseudo fracture Protrusio acetabuli
    Bone biopsy
    Shows increased
    amount of osteoid and a
    demineralized cartilaginous
    bones are seen.
    MANAGEMENT
    • Supplementation of vitamin D – 10,000 IU of vitamin D for 4 – 6
    weeks are administred (Inj Arachitol)
    • Sun exposure
    • Muscle strengthening exercise
    COMPLICATION OF
    OSTEOMALACIA
    FRACTURE
    GROWTH DEFORMITY IN CHILDREN
    HYPOCALCEMIC SEIZURES
    KYPHOSIS AND LORDOSIS
    WADDLING GAIT
    PROTRUSIO ACETABULI
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    THANK YOU

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