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    Learning and Behaviour Change 1

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    Mohd Syuqri
    This document discusses different learning theories and styles. It defines learning styles as referring to how individuals assist their own learning based on personality and experiences. There are four main learning styles: visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Major learning theories covered include behaviorism, which focuses on environmental influences; classical conditioning by Pavlov involving stimuli and responses; operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement; constructivism involving building one's own understanding; Piaget's stages of cognitive development; Vygotsky's social development theory; and techniques for shaping health behaviors like conditioning, observation, and imitation.

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    Learning and Behaviour Change 1

    Uploaded by

    Mohd Syuqri
    44 views12 pages
    This document discusses different learning theories and styles. It defines learning styles as referring to how individuals assist their own learning based on personality and experiences. There are four main learning styles: visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Major learning theories covered include behaviorism, which focuses on environmental influences; classical conditioning by Pavlov involving stimuli and responses; operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement; constructivism involving building one's own understanding; Piaget's stages of cognitive development; Vygotsky's social development theory; and techniques for shaping health behaviors like conditioning, observation, and imitation.

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    This document discusses different learning theories and styles. It defines learning styles as referring to how individuals assist their own learning based on personality and experiences. There are four main learning styles: visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Major learning theories covered include behaviorism, which focuses on environmental influences; classical conditioning by Pavlov involving stimuli and responses; operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement; constructivism involving building one's own understanding; Piaget's stages of cognitive development; Vygotsky's social development theory; and techniques for shaping health behaviors like conditioning, observation, and imitation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views12 pages

    Learning and Behaviour Change 1

    Uploaded by

    Mohd Syuqri
    This document discusses different learning theories and styles. It defines learning styles as referring to how individuals assist their own learning based on personality and experiences. There are four main learning styles: visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Major learning theories covered include behaviorism, which focuses on environmental influences; classical conditioning by Pavlov involving stimuli and responses; operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement; constructivism involving building one's own understanding; Piaget's stages of cognitive development; Vygotsky's social development theory; and techniques for shaping health behaviors like conditioning, observation, and imitation.

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    1.

    3 LEARNING AND
    BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
    Name: FLORIS FIONA ELVIRA BINTI MESOL
    Programme: DSPK JAN 2022 INTAKE
    DEFINITION OF LEARNING TYPES
    • learning styles refer to personalities, beliefs, choices, and behaviors used
    by individuals to assist in learning according to the conditions that have
    been conditioned (Risnawati and Ghufron, 2012)
    • learning style is someone's way of how he absorbs, remembers, manages
    the information and how to think in solving problems or problems based
    on the student's personality (De Porter, 2010)
    • learning is a process, an activity and not an outcome or goal. Learning is
    not just remembering, but wider than that, namely experiencing
    (Hamalik, 2010)
    TYPES OF LEARNING STYLE
    LEARN BY LEARN BY
    SEEING/WATCHING. LISTENING/SPEAKING
    • Graphs, Charts • Lecture
    • Pictures • Music
    • PowerPoint • Discussions

    LEARN BY TOUCHING
    LEARN BY READING AND FEELING
    AND WRITING • Hands on
    • Books, Dictionaries • Demonstrations
    • Taking notes • Field Trips
    • Doing exercises
    LEARNING THEORIES

    • BEHAVIOURISM
    Behaviourism focuses on the idea that all behaviours are learned through
    interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviours
    are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors
    have very little influence on behaviour. (Williams and Anandam, 1973)
    • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (Ivan Pavlov)
    involves placing an impartial stimulus before a reflex
    There are three stages of classical conditioning. At each stage the stimuli and responses are given
    special scientific terms:

    Stage 1: Before Conditioning:


    In this stage, the unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response in an organism.
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    Stage 2: During Conditioning:
    During this stage, a stimulus which produces no response is associated with the unconditioned
    stimulus at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    Stage 3: After Conditioning:
    Now the conditioned stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus to create a
    new conditioned response.
    PAVLOV’S DOG EXPERIMENT
    • OPERANT CONDITIONING (B.F SKINNER)
    emphasis on the positive or negative reinforcement after a behavior is performed.
    Actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future.

    There are two kinds of reinforcers. In both of these cases of reinforcement, the behavior increases.
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    Positive reinforcers are favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior.
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior.
    _________________________________________________________________________________________

    There are two kinds of punishment. In both of these cases, the behavior decreases
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    Positive punishment, sometimes referred to as punishment by application, presents an unfavorable event or
    outcome in order to weaken the response it follows
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    Negative punishment, also known as punishment by removal, occurs when a favorable event or outcome is
    removed after a behavior occurs
    LEARNING THEORIES

    • CONSTRUCTIVISM
    learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information. As
    people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own
    representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge.
    Assimilation refers to the process of taking new information and fitting it into an
    existing schema.
    Accommodation refers to using newly acquired information to revise and redevelop
    an existing schema.
    LEARNING THEORIES
    • PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
    children move through four different stages of mental development

    Preoperational stage: Concrete Formal Operational


    Sensorimotor stage:
    Operational Stage:
    Birth to 2 years Ages 2 to 7 age 7 to 11 Stage: age 12 and up
    IMPORTANT CONCEPT OF PIAGET’S THEORY

    SCHEMA ASSIMILATION
    includes both a category of knowledge The process of taking in new
    and the process of obtaining that information into our already existing
    knowledge. As experiences happen, this schemas
    new information is used to modify, add
    to, or change previously existing
    schemas.

    ACCOMMODATION EQUILIBRATION
    adaptation involves changing or altering a balance between assimilation and
    our existing schemas in light of new accommodation
    information
    it is important to maintain a balance
    between applying previous knowledge
    (assimilation) and changing behavior to
    account for new knowledge
    (accommodation).
    LEARNING THEORIES

    • VYGOTSKY’S SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY


    socialization affects the learning process in an individual. It tries to explain
    consciousness or awareness as the result of socialization.
    SHAPING INDIVIDUALS HEALTH BEHAVIOUR THROUGH LEARNING PROCESS

    • CONDITIONING
    the process of shaping involves the reinforcement of successive approximations of the
    target behaviour.
    • OBSERVATION
    observing and modeling another individual’s behavior, attitudes, or emotional
    expressions
    • IMITATION
    individuals may simply learn from the behavior rather than imitate it.

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