Defining Indigenous Peoples

Defining
Indigenous Peoples
PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES (GEN. ELEC. 1)
2
Intended Learning Outcome
At the end of the discussion, you should be able to:

• identify indigenous peoples;
• explain the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997; and
• Attain a well-founded definition of indigenous people and
identify who are Ips.
3
Outline
• Defining the identity of Indigenous People

• Summary
4
Prior Questions
▣ What is the first thing that comes into your mind when you
hear the word katutubo?
▣ Can you enumerate the name/s of the groups of people in the
Philippines that you consider to belong to the classification as
katutubo? What are their characteristics?
5
1.
Defining the
identity of
Indigenous Peoples
6
“The truth is nobody can own
‘’ anything. That was an

unheard-of concept among
indigenous people. We
invented that.”
7
What is Indigenous people?
▣ The Asian Development Bank (ADB), in its Policy on

Indigenous Peoples, notes the key concepts:
▣ self-identification;
▣ linguistic identity;
▣ distinct social, cultural, economic, and political systems; and
▣ unique ties to ancestral territories.
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▣ descent from population groups present in a given area, most

often before modern states or territories were created and
before modern borders were defined; and
▣ maintenance of cultural identities; and social, economic,
cultural, and political institutions separate from mainstream
or dominant societies and cultures.
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▣ In some cases, over recent centuries, tribal groups or cultural

minorities have migrated into areas to which they are not
indigenous, but have established a presence and continue to
maintain a definite and separate social and cultural identity
and related social institutions.
▣ In such cases, the second identifying characteristic would
carry a greater weight.
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“Indigenous peoples should be regarded
‘’ as those with a social or cultural identity

distinct from the dominant or mainstream
society, which makes them vulnerable to
being disadvantaged in the processes of
development.”
11
“Indigenous Peoples are culturally
‘’ distinct societies and communities.

Although they make up 5% of the
global population, they account for
about 15% of the extreme poor.”
12
▣ According to The World Bank, indigenous people “are

distinct social and cultural groups that share collective
ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they
live, occupy or from which they have been displaced.”
13
The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights
Act of 1997
The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), enacted in
1997, defines indigenous peoples as follows:
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▣ A group of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription and

ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on
communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of
ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such
territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other
distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and
cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, become
historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos.
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▣ Inherent in this definition are factors such as historical continuity,

self-identification, and group membership.
▣ Historical continuity is characterized by occupation of ancestral
lands/domains, or at least part of them; common ancestry with the
original occupants of these lands; culture in general or specific
manifestations of it; and language and residence, whether in their
lands of origin or evicted from it.
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▣ The concept of self-identification is inextricably related to

group membership, identity, and history.
▣ The thread that weaves these factors together is the
indigenous peoples’ attachment to land and territory.
17
▣ According to the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, there are

135 recognized local indigenous Austronesian languages in
the Philippines, of which one (Tagalog) is vernacular and
each of the remaining 134 is vernacular.
18
▣ There are 134 ethnic groups in the Philippines, the majority

of which are indigenous, though much of the overall
Philippine population is constituted by only 8-10 lowland
ethnic groups.
19
20
2.
Summary
▣ In summary, the existing definition of IPs based on the

frameworks of the different international organizations that
aim to advance their rights and interests highlights the
following elements:
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Elements
▣ Self-identification – an individual belongs to an IP group

once he or she is accepted as belonging to the group;
▣ Ancestral Roots and Descent – they boast of a common
ancestry and their lineage can be traced back to the
community or group of people that thrive within a particular
territory prior to colonization, or the establishment of modern
state;
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Elements
▣ Historical Continuity of Way of Life – the community or the

groups’ distinct way of life (e.g. religion, tribal system of
governance, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.). This
tradition-based culture is inherited from a group of people in
a particular territory prior to colonization or the establishment
of a modern state;
24
Elements
▣ Ancestral Language Sustained – the language identifiable to

them and their ancestors has persisted and endured either as
the only language, as mother tongue or habitual means of
communication at home or in the family; or is considered as
the main, preferred, habitual and general language.
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Elements
▣ Ancestral Land Claim – continued occupation and claim to a

particular portion of land that IPs believed to be home to their
ancestors, thus providing them with a right of inheritance to
this land;
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Elements
▣ Distinct Way of Life and Non-Dominance – the sustained

beliefs, customs and traditions IPs inherited from their
ancestors makes them consider themselves as distinct from
other sectors of society, particularly the dominant groups
prevailing in the territories or state they are placed under;
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Elements
▣ Aspirations for Self-Preservation and Self-Determination – as

a non-dominant sector of society, which has continuously
been influenced and assimilated by 19 dominant sectors of
society, IPs have a strong determination to preserve, develop
and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories
and their ethnic identity.
28
14 to 17 million
According to 2013 UNDP Report
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Process Question
▣ What are indigenous peoples?

▣ Do you think that the Government securing and
promulgating the indigenous peoples’ rights? Support
your claim.
30
Assignment:
▣ Do this on Google Document

Identify one IP group in the Philippines you think matches
the definition of IPs that you think is most appropriate and
acceptable. Find and paste a picture of this group.
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Assignment:
Do this on Google Document

▣ Provide an explanation why this group can be categorized
under Indigenous Cultural Communities or Indigenous
People.
▣ What do you want to learn about them?
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How to send the assignment/task
▣ Send it thru Gmail/Email

▣ aaronmanuelmunar@gmail.com
▣ Fromat
▣ Your Last name, Name, M.I
▣ Subject: PIC Task 1
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Thanks!
Any questions?
Aaron Yrieix Sibaot Munar
aaronmanuelmunar@gmail.com
34

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Defining

At the end of the discussion, you should be able to:

• Defining the identity of Indigenous People

‘’ anything. That was an

▣ The Asian Development Bank (ADB), in its Policy on

▣ descent from population groups present in a given area, most

▣ In some cases, over recent centuries, tribal groups or cultural

‘’ as those with a social or cultural identity

‘’ distinct societies and communities.

▣ According to The World Bank, indigenous people “are

▣ A group of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription and

▣ Inherent in this definition are factors such as historical continuity,

▣ The concept of self-identification is inextricably related to

▣ According to the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, there are

▣ There are 134 ethnic groups in the Philippines, the majority

▣ In summary, the existing definition of IPs based on the

▣ Self-identification – an individual belongs to an IP group

▣ Historical Continuity of Way of Life – the community or the

▣ Ancestral Language Sustained – the language identifiable to

▣ Ancestral Land Claim – continued occupation and claim to a

▣ Distinct Way of Life and Non-Dominance – the sustained

▣ Aspirations for Self-Preservation and Self-Determination – as

▣ What are indigenous peoples?

▣ Do this on Google Document

Do this on Google Document

▣ Send it thru Gmail/Email

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