Unit 3

Fences, Grills, Jallis, Wicket gate

 Grills
• The main purpose of grills is safety of openings against theft
and vandalism.
• Therefore safety grills used for, windows, safety doors,
courtyard covering, verandah covering etc.
 Grills
• Grills are made of metal that cannot be easily
broken. If made in any other material like
wood or glass, the grill would have been easily
broken and the purpose wouldn’t be solved.
• The safety grills are made in different metal
materials like steel, aluminium and iron.
 Grill bar materials
• Before giving shape to metal rods that are available in
straight form they are given a fine finish with
different chemicals and anti-rust solution. (red oxide)
(Red Oxide Primer is an oil modified alkyd based
primer suitably pigmented with micro fine red oxide
and extenders. It is ideal for ferrous metal surfaces. It
is free from heavy metals like lead, mercury and
chromium.)
• After this the metal rods are welded or drilled into
desired shape and design.
• Once the grill is ready of desired size and design, it is
then painted and finally installed in desired place.
 Grill welding
• To construct a safety grill, the metal rod is
welded in desired shape.
 Different forms of Metal Bars for Grills

• The metal rods or bars used to construct

safety grills are either flat “patti” or strip,
square bars or cylindrical bars.
• These bars are available in different
thicknesses like 9mm, 10mm thick square
bars, 10mm or 12mm thick cylindrical bars
and 1.5 mm thick flat patti bar used to
construct grill.
 Flat (Patti) Bars
• Flat “patti” bars are usually used for support purpose
of grills. The window grill is attached or installed by
drilling screws of these flat patti bars, that act as an
extension to main grill design.
• Flat patti bar is sometimes used for grill design for
where overlapping is needed.
• Disadvantage -Grills made of flat “patti” strip is
something can easily be cut or broken. Also to
construct a box grill from flat “patti” bars, the corners
or each side are joint by drilling screws. This
decreases the strength of the grill since holes are
formed making it unsafe.
Flat Patti grill Pattern
 Rounded and Square Grill Bars
• Rounded or cylindrical metal bars and square metal bars are
usually used to construct grills.
• One advantage of having rounded bars safety grill is that dirt
and water will not settle on grill as like square bard safety grill.
• Anti-rust primer Solution – The window grills in heavy rainfall
area shall always be treated with high quality anti-rust i.e.
yellow oxide anti-rust solution. Anti rust treatment aids delay
corrosion thus making the grill more durable. Once the grills
are treated with anti-rust solution, they are left for complete
drying.
• Zinc Yellow Metal Primer is a solvent based protective primer
which can treat non-ferrous metal work.
• Safety grills are then painted with 1st quality paint.
 Painting to Grill
• Zinc Chromate Yellow Primer is a special air during primer
made of special resin and rust inhibitive Zinc Chrome
pigments and special fillers for using as and ideal primer
paint for protection of ferrous and non ferrous surfaces
which are exposed to aggressive corrosive environment.
• For painting grills, synthetic enamel paint is to be used.
enamel paint means any solvent (oil)-based paint that
dries to a hard, vitreous-like (or, glass-like) shell. The
solvent used in this type of paint is made with either alkyd
(synthetic) or linseed (natural) oils. Alkyd paint is the most
common option because it’s less expensive and tougher.
This paint is typically made with mineral turpentine, which
is used to modify the viscosity (thickness) of the Before
the painting is done, remove cement / cement mortar.
 1-piece Window Grills

• Safety grills be it for window, balcony or safety

doors are usually constructed through welding
process. If appropriate thickness bars aren’t used,
such grills can easily be broken with a hammer.
• 1-piece grills installed for homes and offices.
• 1-piece grills are locally termed for grills that are
constructed with minimal welding process. Such
grills are said to be stronger, durable and safer to
have.
Grills for ACs
AC is usually fitted at –
• Under the Window (for normal
windows)
• Parapet wall (for split AC)
• Upper side of window (be It any
type of window)
any type of AC, split AC or window
AC, it is fitted on window wall only.
•bigger or extended grill will have
AC within the same grill. The grills
depth extended for machine is
usually 18”.
•The grill is generally made with
flats of size
 Grille to AC.
• A grille is a vent cover through which air is blown into
or out of a room for circulation back to the central
heating or cooling unit. AC grills are made from
aluminium. These are commonly found in heating or
central air conditioning. A grille has no damper to
control air flow, so air is left to flow freely.
Drawing of window grill
Grill patterns
Grill patterns
Grill patterns
Grill patterns
Decorative railing
Square bar window grill design
R.C.C Jallis
Metal Jallis (just like nets)
 Railing
Types of railing as per use
Decorative railing
Deck railing
Hand railing
Guard railing
Kavale railing
 Railing
Components of railing
Posts/ newals / spigots
Top rail/ banisters/ wide beams
Balusters/ pickets
Brackets, base covers, glass covers, bends, pipes,
connectors, studs
 Deck railing

• Railing is
required
for decks
that are
30" (762
mm) or
more
above
the
ground.
Deck railing elevation
 Handrails

Handrails are required on both sides of the stair. The building

code allows exceptions for stairs in individual dwelling units.
34“ to 38“ (865 to 965) height above the leading edge of the
stair treads or nosings.
Handrails should be continuous without interruption by a
newel post or other obstruction.
Handrails should extend at least 12"(305) horizontally
beyond the top riser of a stair flight and extend at the slope of
the stair run for a horizontal distance of at least one tread
depth beyond the last riser nosing of the flight. The ends
should return smoothly to a wall or walking surface, or
continue to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
 Handrails

1. Handrails should be free of sharp or

abrasive elements and have a circular
cross section with an outside
diameter of 1- 1 / 4 “(32)minimum
and 2" (51) maximum.
2. other shapes are allowable if they
provide equivalent grasp ability and
have a maximum cross-sectional
dimension of 2- 1 / 4 “ (57).
3. 1- 1 / 2 “(38) minimum clearance
between handrail and wall
Timber Handrail
 Handrails for ramps

• Ramps having a
rise greater than
6“ (150 or a run
greater than 72“
(1830) should have
handrails along
both sides.

Handrail requirements are the same as for stairways.

• Extend handrails at least 12“ (305)horizontally beyond the top
and bottom of ramp runs.
Guard rail
MS WITH GALVANISE
 Railing accessories

Glass railing pipe jointer

Adjustable joint elbow bend

Spigot 100 mm dia

Spigots, Top rails
Steel railing
Kavale railing
 Difference between red oxide and yellow
oxide primer
• Red oxide is tetraoxide of lead. (Pb₂O₃)Red oxide primer undergoes
chemical reactions with iron surfaces and iron oxide, forming
insoluble compounds known as plumbates. In plumbates, lead
exists as a part of the anion. E.g. ferrous plumbate has the chemical
formula Fe(PbO2), in which the cation is Fe 2+. When applying red
oxide on a steel surface, if traces of rust already exists on the steel
surface, the primer will still adhere to this surface because the red
oxide primer interacts with the surface via forming chemical bonds.
• Yellow oxide or Zinc chromate primer is a coating chemical
substance having the chemical formula ZnCrO4. It is important as
an industrial painting and as a coating over iron or aluminum
materials. The major uses of zinc chromate are as an anti-corrosive
and anti-rust primer. However, zinc chromate primer is highly toxic;
it also destroys organic growth on the steel surface. Therefore, it is
also used in spray paints, artists’ paints, pigments in varnishes, and
making linoleum.
https://www.contractorbhai.com/extended-safety-grills-for-acs/
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-red-oxide-and-zinc-chromate-primer/
https://fossilgraphics.com/images/pdfs/RRP1212.pdf?format=html
https://bimcomponents.com/GSM/Details/24004
https://re-story.in/products/kavale-railing-adjustable-holder-small?
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https://www.mycarpentry.com/deck-railing.html