Child Development Assessment: Denver Developmental Screening Test

Child Development
Assessment
Denver Developmental Screening Test
By,
Joyce A
1st Year M.Sc. CHN
SNCON
 The most widely used tool for screening proper
development in a child for a long time was the Denver
Developmental Screening Test (Denver scale), which
suggests milestones according to the age. Even today
the tool is used in many countries. However, it is a
rather old tool and it is important to remember that
these are just screening tests. If any problem is
encountered, further evaluation is necessary, with
many validated tests out in the market.
CDC MILESTONES:
2 MONTHS
Social and Emotional
Begins to smile at people
Can briefly calm himself (may bring hands to mouth
and suck on hand)
Tries to look at parent
 Language/Communication
Coos, makes gurgling sounds
Turns head toward sounds
Baby raising head and chest when lying on stomach
2 MONTHS
 Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
Pays attention to faces
Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people
at a distance
Begins to act bored (cries, fussy) if activity doesn’t
change
 Movement/Physical Development
Can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on
tummy
Makes smoother movements with arms and legs
4 MONTHS
 Social and Emotional
Smiles spontaneously, especially at people
Likes to play with people and might cry when playing stops
Copies some movements and facial expressions, like smiling
or frowning
Begins to babble
Babbles with expression and copies sounds he hears
Cries in different ways to show hunger, pain, or being
tired baby on floor with toy
4 MONTHS
Lets you know if she is happy or sad
Responds to affection
Reaches for toy with one hand
Uses hands and eyes together, such as seeing a toy and reaching for it
Follows moving things with eyes from side to side
Watches faces closely
Recognizes familiar people and things at a distance
Holds head steady, unsupported
Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface
May be able to roll over from tummy to back
Can hold a toy and shake it and swing at dangling toys
Brings hands to mouth
When lying on stomach, pushes up to elbows
6 MONTHS
Knows familiar faces and begins to know if someone is a stranger
Likes to play with others, especially parents
Responds to other people’s emotions and often seems happy
Likes to look at self in a mirror
Responds to sounds by making sounds
Strings vowels together when babbling (“ah,” “eh,” “oh”) and likes
taking turns with parent while making sounds
Responds to own name
Makes sounds to show joy and displeasure
Begins to say consonant sounds (jabbering with “m,” “b”) mother
enjoying 7 month old infant
6 MONTHS
Looks around at things nearby
Brings things to mouth
Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of
reach
Begins to pass things from one hand to the other
Rolls over in both directions (front to back, back to front)
Begins to sit without support
When standing, supports weight on legs and might bounce
Rocks back and forth, sometimes crawling backward before moving
forward
9 MONTHS
May be afraid of strangers
May be clingy with familiar adults
Has favorite toys
Understands “no”
Makes a lot of different sounds like “mamamama” and
“bababababa”
Copies sounds and gestures of others
Uses fingers to point at things
Doctor holding little boy
9 MONTHS
Watches the path of something as it falls
Looks for things he sees you hide
Plays peek-a-boo
Puts things in her mouth
Moves things smoothly from one hand to the other
Picks up things like cereal o’s between thumb and index finger
Stands, holding on
Can get into sitting position
Sits without support
Pulls to stand
Crawls
1 YEAR
Is shy or nervous with strangers
Cries when mom or dad leaves
Has favorite things and people
Shows fear in some situations
Hands you a book when he wants to hear a story
Repeats sounds or actions to get attention
Puts out arm or leg to help with dressing
Plays games such as “peek-a-boo” and “pat-a-cake”
Responds to simple spoken requests
Uses simple gestures, like shaking head “no” or waving “bye-bye”
Makes sounds with changes in tone (sounds more like speech)
Says “mama” and “dada” and exclamations like “uh-oh!”
Tries to say words you say
Toddler sitting with mom playing xylophone
1 YEAR
Explores things in different ways, like shaking, banging, throwing
Finds hidden things easily
Looks at the right picture or thing when it’s named
Copies gestures
Starts to use things correctly; for example, drinks from a cup, brushes hair
Bangs two things together
Puts things in a container, takes things out of a container
Lets things go without help
Pokes with index (pointer) finger
Follows simple directions like “pick up the toy”
Gets to a sitting position without help
Pulls up to stand, walks holding on to furniture (“cruising”)
May take a few steps without holding on
May stand alone
18 MONTHS

Likes to hand things to others as play
May have temper tantrums
May be afraid of strangers
Shows affection to familiar people
Plays simple pretend, such as feeding a doll
May cling to caregivers in new situations
Points to show others something interesting
Explores alone but with parent close by
Toddler eating you from a blue bowl
Says several single words
Says and shakes head “no”
Points to show someone what he wants
18 MONTHS
Knows what ordinary things are for; for example, telephone, brush, spoon
Points to get the attention of others
Shows interest in a doll or stuffed animal by pretending to feed
Points to one body part
Scribbles on his own
Can follow 1-step verbal commands without any gestures; for example, sits when
you say “sit down”
Walks alone
May walk up steps and run
Pulls toys while walking
Can help undress herself
Drinks from a cup
Eats with a spoon
2 YEARS
Copies others, especially adults and older children
Gets excited when with other children
Shows more and more independence
Shows defiant behavior (doing what he has been told not to)
Plays mainly beside other children, but is beginning to include other children, such as
in chase games
Points to things or pictures when they are named
Knows names of familiar people and body parts
Says sentences with 2 to 4 words
Follows simple instructions
Repeats words overheard in conversation
Points to things in a book
2 year old playing with big ball
2 YEARS
 cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
Finds things even when hidden under two or three covers
Begins to sort shapes and colors
Completes sentences and rhymes in familiar books
Plays simple make-believe games
Builds towers of 4 or more blocks
Might use one hand more than the other
Follows two-step instructions such as “Pick up your shoes and put them in the closet.”
Names items in a picture book such as a cat, bird, or dog
Stands on tiptoe
Kicks a ball
Begins to run
Climbs onto and down from furniture without help
Walks up and down stairs holding on
Throws ball overhand
Makes or copies straight lines and circles
3 YEARS
Enjoys doing new things
Plays “Mom” and “Dad”
Is more and more creative with make-believe play
Would rather play with other children than by himself
Cooperates with other children
Often can’t tell what’s real and what’s make-believe
Talks about what she likes and what she is interested in
Knows some basic rules of grammar, such as correctly using “he” and “she”
Sings a song or says a poem from memory such as the “Itsy Bitsy Spider” or the
“Wheels on the Bus”
Tells stories
Can say first and last name
Child throwing ball
3 YEARS
Follows instructions with 2 or 3 steps
Can name most familiar things
Understands words like “in,” “on,” and “under”
Says first name, age, and sex
Names a friend
Says words like “I,” “me,” “we,” and “you” and some
plurals (cars, dogs, cats)
Talks well enough for strangers to understand most of the
time
Carries on a conversation using 2 to 3 sentences
3 YEARS
Can work toys with buttons, levers, and moving parts
Plays make-believe with dolls, animals, and people
Does puzzles with 3 or 4 pieces
Understands what “two” means
Copies a circle with pencil or crayon
Turns book pages one at a time
Builds towers of more than 6 blocks
Screws and unscrews jar lids or turns door handle
Climbs well
Runs easily
Pedals a tricycle (3-wheel bike)
Walks up and down stairs, one foot on each step
4
 Social YEARS
and Emotional
Enjoys doing new things
Plays “Mom” and “Dad”
Is more and more creative with make-believe play
Would rather play with other children than by himself
Cooperates with other children
Often can’t tell what’s real and what’s make-believe
Talks about what she likes and what she is interested in
Knows some basic rules of grammar, such as correctly using “he” and “she”
Sings a song or says a poem from memory such as the “Itsy Bitsy Spider” or
the “Wheels on the Bus”
Tells stories
Can say first and last name
Child throwing ball
4 YEARS
Names some colors and some numbers
Understands the idea of counting
Starts to understand time
Remembers parts of a story
Understands the idea of “same” and “different”
Draws a person with 2 to 4 body parts
Uses scissors
Starts to copy some capital letters
Plays board or card games
Tells you what he thinks is going to happen next in a book
Hops and stands on one foot up to 2 seconds
Catches a bounced ball most of the time
Pours, cuts with supervision, and mashes own food
5 YEARS
Wants to please friends
Wants to be like friends
More likely to agree with rules
Likes to sing, dance, and act
Shows concern and sympathy for others
Is aware of gender
Can tell what’s real and what’s make-believe
Shows more independence (for example, may visit a next-door neighbor by himself [adult
supervision is still needed])
Is sometimes demanding and sometimes very cooperative
5 year old playing guitar
Speaks very clearly
Tells a simple story using full sentences
Uses future tense; for example, “Grandma will be here.”
Says name and address
5 YEARS
Counts 10 or more things
Can draw a person with at least 6 body parts
Can print some letters or numbers
Copies a triangle and other geometric shapes
Knows about things used every day, like money and food
Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
Hops; may be able to skip
Can do a somersault
Uses a fork and spoon and sometimes a table knife
Can use the toilet on her own
Swings and climbs
DENVER II SCALE:
REFERENCES & FURTHER
READING
 CDC/National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabi
lities (NCBDDD) Milestones. Page last updated:
May 10, 2016.
 Denver II Scale
 Adaptation and standardization of a Western tool f
or assessing child development in non-Western lo
w-income context.
Abessa
TG et al. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 28;16(1):6
52.
 Freely Available Developmental and Behavioral S

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