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    L-25 POL 110 Introduction To Political Theory Unit-III Liberty. Equality and Gender

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    This document discusses the concept of liberty from several perspectives: 1) It provides historical context on the development of the concept of liberty from ancient times through the modern period. Liberty was not a major concept for ancient Greek philosophers but emerged strongly during the Renaissance and capitalist era as freedom from religious, economic, social and political restraints. 2) It examines definitions of liberty from several thinkers as the freedom from restraints and the ability to act without harming others. 3) It outlines the negative view of liberty associated with liberal philosophers like Locke that sees liberty as an absence of restraints, as well as the positive view developed by later idealist philosophers that sees the state as enabling liberty through laws and

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    L-25 POL 110 Introduction To Political Theory Unit-III Liberty. Equality and Gender

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    kookie crystal
    52 views11 pages
    This document discusses the concept of liberty from several perspectives: 1) It provides historical context on the development of the concept of liberty from ancient times through the modern period. Liberty was not a major concept for ancient Greek philosophers but emerged strongly during the Renaissance and capitalist era as freedom from religious, economic, social and political restraints. 2) It examines definitions of liberty from several thinkers as the freedom from restraints and the ability to act without harming others. 3) It outlines the negative view of liberty associated with liberal philosophers like Locke that sees liberty as an absence of restraints, as well as the positive view developed by later idealist philosophers that sees the state as enabling liberty through laws and

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    This document discusses the concept of liberty from several perspectives: 1) It provides historical context on the development of the concept of liberty from ancient times through the modern period. Liberty was not a major concept for ancient Greek philosophers but emerged strongly during the Renaissance and capitalist era as freedom from religious, economic, social and political restraints. 2) It examines definitions of liberty from several thinkers as the freedom from restraints and the ability to act without harming others. 3) It outlines the negative view of liberty associated with liberal philosophers like Locke that sees liberty as an absence of restraints, as well as the positive view developed by later idealist philosophers that sees the state as enabling liberty through laws and

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    52 views11 pages

    L-25 POL 110 Introduction To Political Theory Unit-III Liberty. Equality and Gender

    Uploaded by

    kookie crystal
    This document discusses the concept of liberty from several perspectives: 1) It provides historical context on the development of the concept of liberty from ancient times through the modern period. Liberty was not a major concept for ancient Greek philosophers but emerged strongly during the Renaissance and capitalist era as freedom from religious, economic, social and political restraints. 2) It examines definitions of liberty from several thinkers as the freedom from restraints and the ability to act without harming others. 3) It outlines the negative view of liberty associated with liberal philosophers like Locke that sees liberty as an absence of restraints, as well as the positive view developed by later idealist philosophers that sees the state as enabling liberty through laws and

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    L- 25

    POL 110 Introduction to Political Theory

    Unit-III
    Liberty. Equality and Gender

    Today’s Discussion Topic

    Concept and Type of Liberty

    Resource Person: Dr. Km. Birendri


    Liberty
    Liberty is a central concept in political science as well as human rights. Without liberty, the
    human beings cannot realise the sense rights and particular human rights.
    During the ancient and medieval period, the concept of liberty was totally absent. The Greek
    philosophers, Socrates, Plato and others did not accept the notion of individual liberty as
    against society or state.
    The modern period begins with the renaissance movement. Its hallmark was the emergence
    of capitalism and the capitalist clan. Its demand was liberty against the then existing religious,
    economic, social and moral order. The absence of all kinds of restraints - religious, moral
    economic and political was regarded as an essential condition for the liberty of the individual.
    In modern politics, liberty is the state of being free within society from control or oppressive
    restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behaviour, or political views. Thus liberty
    entails the responsible use of freedom under the rule of law without depriving anyone else of
    their freedom.
    Meaning and Definitions of Liberty
    The term, 'Liberty' is derived from the Latin word 'liber', which means free. The meaning
    of the word liberty is absence of restraint and liberty for individual thus means that he
    should be free from restraints. But this is very clear that fully unrestrained liberty is not
    possible in human society. Along with it is also very difficult to give a precise meaning of
    liberty. The word 'liberty is rich in connotation and has suggested different ideas at
    different times.
    According to Massino Salvadori, "Liberty is free choice, each individual's own decision
    concerning his own course of action; it belongs to himself, not to the external world that
    surrounds him."
    D.D., Raphael says, "Freedom means absence of restraints.
    Seeley also defined liberty in same way, liberty is primarily absence of restraints
    Two important points however have come to our knowledge so far - (i) the real meaning
    of liberty changes from age to age (ii) liberty of each individual is necessarily relative to
    that of others. Liberty is the power of doing a thing without harming others.
    MCQs

    Q. 1. The word Liberty is origin from ?


    A. Latin word ‘Liber’
    B. Greek word ‘Labor’
    C. French word ‘Liver’
    D. Latin word ‘Labro’
    MCQ
    Q. 2. Who said that liberty is primarily absence of
    restraints?
    A. Seeley
    B. Laski
    C. Benjamin
    D. James Mill
    Negative Aspect of Liberty

    The concept of negative liberty originated with the philosophy of the nineteenth century
    liberalism. John Locke was a great exponent of this liberty and considered it as 'a
    natural and inalienable right of the individual. In the nineteenth century the negative
    concept of liberty was supported by such classical liberals as Adam Smith, Bentham and
    Herbert Spencer.

    The negative liberty supports negative dimension of liberty that is contained in an


    affirmation of the 'absence of restraints'. In purely idealistic terms, it means to hinder the
    hindrances to good life.
    MCQ
    Q. 3. The liberty, which people enjoy for earning their bread, is
    called?
    A. Economic Liberty
    B. Political Liberty
    C. Civil Liberty
    D. Natural Liberty
    Positive Aspect of Liberty

    The negative view of liberty was found to be high unsatisfactory as it totally ignored the
    social and other aspects of the individual liberty. It led to the exploitation of workers and
    bred many more evils in society.

    Thus, the negative concept of liberty was challenged and a more positive view of liberty
    emerged in society. The positive view of liberty was first put forward by the idealist thinkers
    Immanuel Kant, Hegel, Fichte and T.H. Green etc.

    They all emphasised that the state is not a necessary evil, but a positive good. Laws do not
    infringe liberty but are an essential condition for its existence.
    Types of Liberty

    Natural Liberty
    Civil Liberty
    Political Liberty
    Economic Liberty
    National Liberty
    MCQ
    Q. 4. How many types exists of liberty?
    A. Four
    B. Five
    C. Six
    D. Seven
    Thank You

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