COMMUNITY NEEDS

ASSESSMENT

ESLIANA FITRIDA HAMSYAH K012192017

NURIL MULIANI K012192036
NUR HUSNUL KHATIMAH K012192027
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Plan for a community needs assessment

Review and rate data collected from a community
needs assessment.
Summarize data by creating sector data grids.
Develop and prioritize strategies for improvement
Create a community action
 Section 1:

Overview of Community
Needs Assessment
What is a “Community?”

Communities are typically defined by a geographic

area; however, they can also be based on shared
interests or characteristics such as religion, race, age,
or occupation. People within a community come from
different backgrounds and have unique cultures,
customs, and values.
What is a Community Needs Assessment?
A community needs assessment provides community leaders
with a snapshot of local policy, systems, and environmental
change strategies currently in place and helps to identify
areas for improvement. With this data, communities can map
out a course for health improvement by creating strategies to
make positive and sustainable changes in their communities.

Components of a Needs Assessment

The main outcomes of a community needs assessment are
in 3 main categories:
OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT STEPS:

1. Plan
need
assesment

5. Develop 2.
action Conduct
plan assesment

4. Record
and
3. Review
review
and rate
consolidat
data
ed data
 Section 2:

Plan for a Community Needs

Assessment
Planning for a community needs assessment is just as critical as
conducting the actual assessment.

In this section you will learn how to plan for a community needs
assessment, in particular how to:
• Identify and assemble a diverse community team
• Develop a team strategy
• Identify scope of assessment
• Develop questions to ask
• Select sites
• Determine data collection methods
• Identify key informants
 IDENTIFY AND ASSEMBLE A DIVERSE COMMUNITY TEAM

Representation from diverse sectors of the community is critical to successful

team work and enables easy and accurate data collection and assessment
Examples of types of stakeholders to include on the community team are:
• Law enforcer
• Faith leader
• Hospital administrator
• Community health worker
• School principal or headmaster (of primary school or university)
• Neighborhood council representative
• Civic leader
• Local advocates
• Local business leader
• Local health practitioner
 DEVELOP A TEAM STRATEGY

After you have assembled your team you will meet to develop a team
strategy. This involves, at a minimum:
• Defining goals for the needs assessment
• Defining how the data collected will be used (e.g., to influence policy
makers, to support new programs, to support new changes in service
delivery or policies)
• Determining the timeline for the assessment (e.g., 3 months, 6 months)
• Determining roles and responsibilities of team members
• Assigning tasks based on skills and available resources
• Identifying how decisions will be made
• Selecting a method or tool for conducting the needs assessment
 IDENTIFY THE SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT

1. Define the Community to Assess

2. Identify Community Sectors to Assess
3. Identify Community Components to Assess
 DETERMINE DATA COLLECTION METHODS OR USE
EXISTING DATA

Use a variety of data-gathering methods to access and collect information for each site.
Data come in many forms; varying data-collection methods provides a more comprehensive
assessment of your community

Also consider if your community has already gathered data for another purpose. To
determine if you can use that information for the needs assessment, consider the following:
• How old are the data? If data are less than 6 months old they can be used. If not, it is time
to gather new data.
• Do you have all the information?
• Is the information relevant?
• Can you use the data in the existing format?
• Do you need more data?
• Does anyone on your team have experience with analyzing data?
IDENTIFY KEY INFORMANTS TO CONTACT
For each sector and site your team has identified for the assessment, contact people (or
key informants) in the community who can provide the appropriate insight, knowledge, or
documentation.

DOCUMENTATION
Keep a comprehensive file of all sources of information, key contacts, and data to review
at a later date or to share with coalition members. The file can be in multiple forms—
notebooks or bound volumes, facilitator guides, field notes, meeting minutes, or an
electronic data file. The purpose of cataloguing all the data files is to ensure that
everything your team collects can be accessed and used.
 Section 3

Review and Rate the Data

 16

INTRODUCTION

Before recording the data collected from the needs assessment into a data
capturing tool, such as the CHANGE tool, your team should review the
information from each site to gain consensus on how to rate each item. Rating
the data helps to identify strengths and weaknesses. The team should discuss
the data, share what each person found, and identify evidence to support the
team’s rating.

In this section, you will learn:

• The difference between policy and environmental change strategies,
• How to develop a rating scale, and
• How to reach consensus on rating data.
 POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES For each site visited, you will rate the data collected about policy and
environmental change strategies. Remember that policy refers to laws, regulations, rules, protocols, and procedures that
are designed to guide or influence behavior. They can be either legislative or organizational policies. Environmental change
relates to the physical, social, or economic factors designed to influence people’s practices and behaviors
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DEVELOP A RATING SCALE
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Table 3: Policy and Environment Scale for Health Care Sector and Chronic Disease Management
Item: Does the facility provide screening for chronic diseases in adults with risk factors?

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 Section 4

Record and Summarize Data

 22

INTRODUCTION

Designate one person as the data manager within your community team.
This person should be responsible for entering the data for each of the
sites into the specific tool you are using. If your team is using the
CHANGE tool, the data manager should have a basic working
knowledge of MS Excel, such as opening and closing files, entering
macros, and entering data in fields.

In this section you will learn how to record and summarize data
 RECORD DATA
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After your team has reached consensus on the most

appropriate rating for each item within a site, the data should
be recorded in a table or spreadsheet along with any
supporting comments.

If you are using the CHANGE tool or another customized

Excel spreadsheet, your team should use 1 Excel file for each
site assessed as shown below in figure 1.

Figure 1: CHANGE tool: Example of an Excel file for one site

of the School Sector
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 Section 5:

Create a Community Action Plan

 INTRODUCTION

 At this stage of the community needs assessment, you should have summarized the
data the team has collected and are ready to identify the community assets and
needs. In this final section of the workbook you will learn how to use your summary
information to identify areas for improvement and then transform them into
measurable action items.

 The outcome of this step is a Community Action Plan which will contain Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) objectives and the activities
to support those objectives.

 You should present your needs assessment findings and obtain approval from
stakeholders and/or community leaders on the strategies before developing an
action plan.
Identify Assets And Needs
Sample Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Strategies
Worksheet: Assets and Needs
 PRIORITIZE NEEDS
If you have identified many community needs, your team should prioritize
those needs. Some criteria you may consider when prioritizing needs are:

Size Of Availability
Problem of Resources

Public
Seriousness
Health
of problem
Concern

Availability
of current Economic or
intervention social impact
s
 DEVELOP STRATEGIES

 Using your priority list of community needs, identify a specific community

strategy to address each key need. You do not have to address every
weakness.
 When identifying strategies, consider the community’s strengths.
 Your team can also combine similar strategies to streamline activities.
 After developing the strategies, record them on the bottom section of the
 Policy, Systems and Environmental Change Strategies Worksheet.
 PRIORITIZE STRATEGIES

 Once you have identified the strategies, your team will need to prioritize what can be
implemented, given the time, resources, and other competing community priorities.
 After ranking each strategy according to time, resources, and competing priorities,
total the scores to determine the highest ranking strategies to implement.
 COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN

 Your team will develop an action plan for each priority strategy. A
quality plan contains sufficient details to map a clear course of
action. Table 12 shows an example of a Community Action Plan.

 In Table 12 there is one annual objective: At 12 months, all clinics

in district Y will provide lifestyle NCD counseling to all patients.
TERIMA KASIH !!