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    Dermatoses

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    njoom
    This document discusses dermatoses, which are abnormal conditions of the skin ranging from mild to severe. It describes the anatomy of the skin including its layers and cell types. Occupational causes of skin disease are discussed such as chemicals, mechanics, physical agents, and biology. Different classes of skin diseases and reactions are listed. Contact dermatitis and its types are explained. Control methods to prevent occupational skin diseases include environment, personal cleanliness, and protective equipment. Incidence data on occupational dermatological injuries and diseases in different industries and causal agents are provided.

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    Dermatoses

    Uploaded by

    njoom
    1K views12 pages
    This document discusses dermatoses, which are abnormal conditions of the skin ranging from mild to severe. It describes the anatomy of the skin including its layers and cell types. Occupational causes of skin disease are discussed such as chemicals, mechanics, physical agents, and biology. Different classes of skin diseases and reactions are listed. Contact dermatitis and its types are explained. Control methods to prevent occupational skin diseases include environment, personal cleanliness, and protective equipment. Incidence data on occupational dermatological injuries and diseases in different industries and causal agents are provided.

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    This document discusses dermatoses, which are abnormal conditions of the skin ranging from mild to severe. It describes the anatomy of the skin including its layers and cell types. Occupational causes of skin disease are discussed such as chemicals, mechanics, physical agents, and biology. Different classes of skin diseases and reactions are listed. Contact dermatitis and its types are explained. Control methods to prevent occupational skin diseases include environment, personal cleanliness, and protective equipment. Incidence data on occupational dermatological injuries and diseases in different industries and causal agents are provided.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views12 pages

    Dermatoses

    Uploaded by

    njoom
    This document discusses dermatoses, which are abnormal conditions of the skin ranging from mild to severe. It describes the anatomy of the skin including its layers and cell types. Occupational causes of skin disease are discussed such as chemicals, mechanics, physical agents, and biology. Different classes of skin diseases and reactions are listed. Contact dermatitis and its types are explained. Control methods to prevent occupational skin diseases include environment, personal cleanliness, and protective equipment. Incidence data on occupational dermatological injuries and diseases in different industries and causal agents are provided.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Dermatoses

    Jennifer L. Schneider, Sc. D., CIH

    Definitions:
     Dermatoses - any abnormal condition of the

    skin, ranging from the mildest redness, itching, or scaling to an eczematous, ulcerative, acneform, pigmentary, granulomatous, or neoplastic disorder.  Dermatitis - refers to any inflammation of the skin, such as contact dermatitis or cement dermatitis

    Anatomy of the Skin


     Largest organ of the body (1.8 m2 surface

    area, 15% of total body weight)  Layers:


    

    Epidermis
    

    Four cell types keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans' cells, merkel cells.

     

    Dermis Subcutaneous

    Physiology & Function:


     Response to UV  Absorption of solutions

    Causes of Occupational Skin Disease


     chemical  mechanical  physical  biological  botanical

    Classes of skin disease or reaction


    1) Contact dermatitis 2) Photosensitivity 3) Occupational acne 4) Pigmentary abnormalities hyperpigmentation hypopigmentation 5) Sweat-induced reactions 6) Cutaneous tumors 7) Ulcerations 8) Granulomas 9) Alopecia 10) Nail disease nail discoloration nail dystrophy 11) Systemic intoxication some chemicals can absorb through skin and cause systemic intoxication

    Dermatitis
     Contact dermatitis
     

    Primary irritants Allergic Contact Dermatitis

    Burns:
    Classification First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns Special types of burns (cement and HF)

    Defense Mechanisms
    1) Against bacteria - skin is naturally dry terrain and normal contingent bacteria on skin destroy pathogenic bacteria. Free fatty acids in surface oil also have antibacterial value. 2) Against sunlight - increase pigmentation and thickening of stratum corneum. 3) Against primary irritants - buffering action of surface components such as amino acids, lactic acid, etc. Sweat act as dilutent, but also enhances hydration. 4) Against injury - skin's resilience in dermis provides resistance to forceful impact. 5) Against excessive increase or decrease in body heat. 6) Against absorption of chemicals through skin.

    Control:
     Environment  Personal Cleanliness  PPE

    INCIDENCE
     Occupational dermatological injuries: 98% are injuries and 2% are    

    diseases. Highest percentage of injuries from lacerations and punctures, next burns, then abrasions, etc Major industrial divisions: incidence of occupational dermatoses by industry group for US- highest incident rate was in agriculture, next manufacturing, then construction, etc Causal agents in dermatitis: Plants, trees, vegetables lead, next chemicals, then soap and detergents Lost workdays: Poultry dressing plants had highest number of lost workdays, next meat packing plants, then fabricated rubber products, etc. Hazardous industrial processes: Most hazardous process is machine tool operations using cutting oils and coolants, next plastics manufacturing, then rubber manufacturing, etc.

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