2 Short Story

SHORT STORY
ROSELLE E. VELASCO
BSED- English II
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, students can:
 identify the definition, elements, characteristics

and types of short stories and;
 analyze short stories in Philippine Literature.

SHORT STORY
 It is from old French estorie or estoire which means
"story, chronicle, history" and from late Latin storia
shortened from Latin historia meaning "history, account,
tale, story“.
 It is a brief tale which can be told or read at one setting.
SHORT STORY
 Usually 7500 words and under.
 An invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually
dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect

and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather
than plot (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT
STORY
General characteristics:
• Limited number of characters
• Limited time span
• A single theme/plot
ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORY
 CHARACTERIZATION
- the process by which writer reveals the personality of

the character. It can be direct or indirect description.
 SETTING
- tells the reader where and when the story takes place.
It includes weather, time of day or time of year.
 PLOT
- the series of events in which the writer reveals what is

happening to whom and why.
1. Exposition: At the beginning of the story, characters,
setting, and the main conflict are typically introduced.
2. Rising Action: The main character is in crisis and

events leading up to facing the conflict begin to unfold. The
story becomes complicated.
3. Climax: At the peak of the story, a major event occurs in

which the main character faces a major enemy, fear,
challenge, or other source of conflict. The most action,
drama, change, and excitement occurs here.
4. Falling Action: The story begins to slow down and work
towards its end, tying up loose ends.
5. Resolution/Denoument: Also known as the

denouement, the resolution is like a concluding paragraph
that resolves any remaining issues and ends the story.
 CONFLICT
- the struggle between two opposing forces. A “problem”

that drives the plot. It could be internal or external.
Types of Conflict
 Person vs. Person
 Person vs. Self
 Person vs. Fate (God)
 Person vs. Nature
 Person vs. Society
 Person vs. Unknown/ Extraterrestrial
 Person vs. Technology/ Machinery
 THEME
- is the controlling idea or central insight of a piece of

fiction.
Example:
 Love
 Death
 Prejudice
 Good vs. Evil
 Courage and Heroism
 TONE and MODE
Tone refers to the speaker’s attitude

Examples:
 Joyful, serious, humorous, sad, threatening, formal,
informal, etc.
Mode refers to the emotional effect that the text create for
the audience.
Examples:
 Fanciful, melancholy, mysterious, romantic, sorrowful, etc.
 POINT-OF-VIEW
- the angle or perspective from which the story is told. It

can be at the 1st, 2nd or 3rd person.
Example:
The Hunger Games is written in third person.
TYPES OF SHORT STORY
Anecdote Flash fiction
Fable Mini- saga
Feghoot Sketch story

SHORT STORY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Philippine fiction in English is one of the many
consequences of Spain's cession of the islands to the United
States after the war of 1898. The coming of the Americans
introduced a new language and a new culture to the people.
Fiction, particularly the short story, proved to be the most
popular form of literary expression for Filipinos. It found an
outlet in periodicals, in newspapers, and in literary
magazines such as the College Folio, produced by the
University of the Philippines.
FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSÉ
- was born on December 3,

1924 is one of the most widely
read Filipino writers in the
English language. His novels
and short stories depict the
social underpinnings of class
struggles and colonialism in
Filipino society.
THE GOD STEALER
(FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE)
REFERENCES
 Lawrence, J. C. (1917). A theory of the short story. The North American
Review, 205(735), 274-286.
 Roan, E. J.(n.d.). Ten types of short stories. Retrieved from
https://awaitingthemuse.wordpress.com/2014/06/09/on-writing-10-types-o
f-short-stories
/
 Nordquist, Richard. (2020, January 29). A Shaggy Dog Story: Feghoot.
Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/feghoot-word-play-term-1690790

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SHORT STORY

 identify the definition, elements, characteristics

 analyze short stories in Philippine Literature.

dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect

- the process by which writer reveals the personality of

- the series of events in which the writer reveals what is

2. Rising Action: The main character is in crisis and

3. Climax: At the peak of the story, a major event occurs in

5. Resolution/Denoument: Also known as the

- the struggle between two opposing forces. A “problem”

- is the controlling idea or central insight of a piece of

Tone refers to the speaker’s attitude

- the angle or perspective from which the story is told. It

Fable Mini- saga

Feghoot Sketch story

- was born on December 3,

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