A Presentation on

By- Mr. Sanjay Parekh

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 Functions of DEH Control System
• The Main purpose of Governing System is to maintain the Desire
speed of Turbine during fluctuations of load on the generator by
varying steam input to the Turbine Also it has following functions.
• Turbine Latching
• Auto Adjusting servo system static relations.
• Selecting start up Modes.
• Speed Control.
• Load Control.
• Switching over single valve and sequence valve control.
• Over speed protection.
• On line tests.
• ATC (automatic Turbine control) thermal stress control.

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 Contents
• FRF oil specifications
• EH oil skid specifications
• DEH P&ID
• DEH Oil skid operations and interlocks
• HP & LP accumulators
• Turbine Latching
• MSV operation
• CV operations
• Tests
 Spray oil test
 Over speed and its protections
 HP trip solenoid valves test
 Valve tightness test
• Conditions for turbine trippings
• Anticipated conditions and Checks

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 Why Fire resistant Fluid?
• Mineral Lube Oils used in Hydraulic system Particle >5-15 > 15- >25-50 > 50- > 100
situated adjacent to equip. maintained at high grade um 25 um um 100 um
temp. Have always constituted a considerable um
fire risk.
• Even at ambient temp. Fires have NAS -5 8000 1425 253 45 8
occassionally resulted due to leaking of
hydraulic fluid on hot surfaces past in power
stations. MOOG 9700 2600 380 56 5
• So hydraulic oil is replaced by fire resistant 2 nd
fluid. grade
• FRF is used as a working medium for EH
System
 Desirable characteristics of FIRE
RESISTANT FLUID
 Chlorine content < 100 ppm to avoid erosion
of system parts.
 Water content < 0.1% to avoid hydrolyzing of
oil.
 Acid value < 0.2 Mg KOH/gram to avoid
erosion of system parts.
 The cleanliness of oil quality NAS 5 grade or
MOOG 2 grade is needed for system where
service pressure is as high as 14 Mpa.
 Oil should not burn Or ignite up to 550 0C & its
thermal stability should be up to 750 0C.

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 1. The fire-resistant oil pump group and outline dimension of oil tank (m) : 2.2 x 1.5 x 2.15
•Oil demand of fire-resistant Fluid system 500 L
•Volume of this system 750 L
•Volume of fire-resistant Fluid tank (m3) 1.0
•Grade of fire-resistant Fluid fire-resistant Fluid (Grade – SA 46)
EH oil Pumps make M/s Bailey Co. USA Motor Induction
Type Pressure Power KW 30
Compensative
Current Amp 51.7A
Plunger Pump
Voltage(V) 415AC
Pressure MPA 14
Speed(r/min) 1480
Flow LPM 100
Speed RPM 1472

2. OIL regeneration pump Type 3.OIL COOLER Shell-and-tube

Arrangement Horizontal Number (pcs) 2
Pressure 0.6 MPA Surface area for 2.6
Number 2 cooling(m2)
Motor Capacity (kW) 1.5 Tube side MPa(g) 1.6
Voltage(V) 415AC Shell side MPa(g) 1.0
Speed(r/min) 1400 Tube side(0C) 55
Shell side(0C) ≤30
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• Type of Oils in Governing system
1. Supply Oil
2. HP trip oil
3. OPC Oil(Over Speed Control)
4. Pressurized drain
5. Normal Drain

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 RETURN DRAIN PRESSURISED FRF

2/3 PS

PS 6 PS 7 PS 8 PS 9
IV III I II PT 1
TS 1
PS 10
550 H TS 2 PS 11
420 L
290 LL
OPEN

ACCUMULATORS
OIL TANK HEATER
18 / 21 *C
I
N
T
E
R
L
O
C
OUT K
4
WATER

IN

COOLER
57 / 37 *C
25yv 26yv

R
Relief
& Rec.
valve
SOV Status -5
EHC NEUTRALIZATION
FILTER
SPECIFICATION-2 LIVE PICS-1

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Return Supply Return

Pressure relief
Low Pressure valve
valve
NORMAL (at 14 MPa)

HIGH Pr.

START/LOW Pr.

BACK

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Rear view Front view
# HP Accumulator, Filter, Control Panel
& coolers (TOP)
# All 4 Nos. of Supply Pumps With Motor
# Regeneration unit

Side view
BACK

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Spray Test CV’s MSV’s Latch EH Tank

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 INTERLOCK & PROTECTION
EH OIL PUMP
1. Operating pump trips : Start up Standby pump Automatically
2. EH Oil pump Discharge Pressure ≤ 11.20 MPa : Start up Standby
pump Automatically (Within 5 sec)
3. EH Oil pump Discharge Pressure ≤ 7.80 MPa : Stop Both pumps
OIL LEVEL
1. Alarm (HIGH) ≥ 550 mm
2. Alarm (LOW I) ≤ 420 mm
3. Alarm (LOW II) ≤290 mm
OIL TEMPERATURE

 Temp. ≥ 570C : Temperature control system Automatic ON

 Temp. ≤ 37 0C. :Temperature control system Automatic OFF

BACK

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 N2 DETAIL

HYDRAULIC UNIT TO ALL VALVES

ON
VALVE
OPEN
COMMAND

FUNCTION OF ACCUMULATOR

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 ACCUMULATORS

HP ACCUMULATORS
HP accumulator is butyl rubber leather type of accumulator in 2
groups totally with a pre-charged nitrogen pressure of 10Mpa.
It is used to make up the oil depletion instantaneously increased in
the system and to reduce the system oil pressure pulsation.
N2 Pressure in HP accumulator 10.0 ± 0.2 MPa

LP ACCUMULATOR
LP accumulator is set with 2 groups of LP accumulators, and each
is composed of 2 butyl leather type of accumulators, it is installed
as near as IP control valve actuator and HP main stop valve
actuator. When trip occurs, LP accumulator is used to absorb the
return oil instantaneously increased and to avoid a too high return
pressure. Here the nitrogen pressure is 0.2Mpa.
N2 Pressure in LP accumulator : 0.2 MPa

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 LATCHING

 During this process HP safe oil pressure is

developed .
 Permits for the LATCHING
• The turbine is tripped
• All valves are full closed

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 O/S PROT
OIL II
DRAIN
III LATCH
HP TRIP OIL I
LIVE PICS-1

0.1 MPa

LUB OIL
1.96 MPa

27 YV 28 YV

1YV 2YV
ZS 1
2/3 PS
PS1, PS2,PS 3 ZS 3
7YV 8YV
ZS 2
PS4, PS5

3YV
ZS 4
Mechanical Trip Solenoid

4YV
5YV 6YV

Trip & Lockout

DETAIL-4
Valve
ZS 5

0.0 MPa
P: 10.0 MPa
SOV SOV Status-5
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 RESET & INJECTION Solenoid valves with
Their oil circuits:-
1YV RESET SOL- Suction from brg # 1 suplly line.
2YV INJECTION SOL

BACK

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 TO HP TRIP MANIFOLD
PRESSURISED FRF

steam
MSV-1

HP trip oil
SOV Status

9 YV trip solenoid

LATCH

Normal drain line

Dump device

OPEN
ZS 7,8,9

TRIP

DETAIL

Pressurized return line

19 YV

HP
ACCUMULATOR LP
ACCUMULATOR

HYDRAULIC RETURN OIL

POWER UNIT -1
HP supply oil
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 OPERATION OF MSV’s and RSV’s

The stop valve for HP/IP will open by the HP fire resistant oil when the
dump valve is closed.
The dump valve will close when trip oil is under pressure.
The trip oil is under pressure when the trip solenoid (5,6,7,8 YV) valve is in
de-energized position and HP Trip oil header is under pressure.
The oil will enter the bottom of piston through isolating valve(Supply sol.).
Thus Stop valve opens slowly against spring force.
In case of trip the trip solenoid valves is energized and AST valves
deenergise and HP trip oil header is de-pressurized and thus dump valve
opens to connect bottom and top ports to drain the oil to LP accumulators.
The valve quickly closes due to spring force.

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 TO HP TRIP MANIFOLD
PRESSURISED FRF

OPC line
Control valve-1
Details
steam
11 YV II LATCH

III

Normal drain
OPEN
Dump device

IV CLOSE

V TRIP

Pressurized Drain line

EHSV 1
SOV Status

HP HP
ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR

I
HYDRAULIC
POWER UNIT ON
HP supply oil RETURN OIL
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 OPERATION OF CV’s

After the unit is reset and HP trip oil is formed.

The trip solenoid valve in de-energized conditions will give
pressurized oil to the dump valve to keep it closed.
Pressurized Oil is upto the EH servo valve.
The EH Servo valve based on DEH valve command signal and
valve position feedback signal from LVDT will connect the HP
Fire resistant oil to lower port of the piston or lower port to the
drain till the matching is achieved.
In case of Trip, dump valve opens due to energisation of trip
solenoid or de pressurization of HP trip fluid header. The dump
valve opening leads to control valve quick closing due to spring
force.

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FLY BOLT

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 Spray Test (Oil injection Test)

Press the Fly ring oil injection test push button, the lock out valve 4
YV gets energized, oil drainage of HP trip oil is intercepted, Limit
Switch ZS 4 gets closed,& ZS5 gets Open this gives signal to DEH
to enerized 2YV, Now lube oil is injected in to the cavity chamber of
fly ring resulting disengagement of stay hook, ZS2 gets disengaged,
this gives indications of healthiness of emergency trip system. Now
2 YV gets de energize and 1 YV gets energize to reset the stay
hook of emergency trip device. Now with the resetting of stay hook
ZS 2 gets open, the lock out valve 4YV is now de energized to
complete the spray oil injection test.

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 OVER SPEED
Over speed control:
a) Load rejection :
o When the load rejection occurs, the rotation speed rises very quickly
due to mechanical and electrical torque unbalance.
o At this time the over speed limit integrated package and the fast
solenoid valve of all oil servo motors will act quickly to close CVs
meanwhile the target rotation speed is change into 3000 rpm.
o 2.5 seconds later, all solenoid valves are reset, and the control
valves are restored to be under the control of servo valves, and the
over speed control turns back to normal speed control circuit.
b) 103 % Over speed :
o At this time the over speed limit integrated package and the fast
solenoid valve of all oil servo motors will act quickly to close CVs &
ICVs. When the rotation speed is lower than 103 %, all solenoid
valves are reset, and the control valves are restored to be under the
control of servo valves, and the over speed control turns back to
normal speed control circuit.

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 Over speed Protection :

 In case of failure of speed restriction, there is a turbine

tripping at too high rotation speed.
 For the purpose of safe operation, there setup several layers
of over speed protection in the system:
 DEH electric over speed protection 110 %.
 By ETS; Emergency trip system. (By Mechanical Fly
Ring >110% to< 112%)

OIL spray test is conducted for the over speed protection.

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 Mechanical Over speed test

• Press the over speed test Key on DEH panel after attaining rated
Speed, that will increase the electrical over speed protection value
from original 3300RPM to 3360RPM.
• Set the DEH speed up rate as 10 -15 RPM, watch vibrations and
other Parameters.
• When speed reaches the set value of emergency trip the fly ring of
emergency trip will strick the stay hook of emergency trip device to
disengaged it. The Mechanical trip valve is actuated to drain HP trip
oil and close all MSV’s, RSV’s, ICV’s and CV’s Turbine speeds up
to operate emergency trip device.
• After completion of test DEH Automatically sets the electrical over
speed protection value to 3300RPM.

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 HP Trip SOV’s Test

• Hp trip solenoid valves 5, 6, 7 & 8 YV are tested for their

healthiness.
• The test group is 5YV and 7YV or 6 YV and 8YV.
• With the energization of 5YV & 7YV oil drains to Show PS4
Pressure High signal.
• With the energization of 6YV & 8YV oil drains to Show PS5
Pressure Low signal.
• The orifices in the drain lines prevent entire draining of oil during
above test.
• In No condition any two solenoid of different groups tested together.

Dia.
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 Valve Tightness test

• This test is carried out to ensure the steam tightness of Stop valves
and CV’s.
• Permissives – Turbine to be latched, GCB to be open
• Keep the unit running steadily at 3000 RPM, main steam
pressureshould be Maintained 50 % rating.
• Stop valve test-start the test HP & IP main stop valves will be shut
and HP & IP CV’s Remain open in same position, the speed should
be lower than (P/P0x100% RPM ) where P is Measured main steam
pressure and P0 Rated Main steam Pressure
• CV’s Test-test-start the test HP & IP CV’s will be shut and HP & IP
stop valves Remain open in same position, the speed should be
lower than (P/P0x100% RPM ) where P is Measured main steam
pressure and P0 Rated Main steam Pressure.
• When the speed decreases to 2800 RPM ensure start up of AOP
and at < 1200 RPM ensure start of JOP.

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 CONDITIONS FOR THE TURBINE TRIPPING
1. The speed of turbine is over limiting value; (DEH 3300 RPM i.e. 110 % of rated
speed),Mechanical overspeed Device operation-110 % to 111 %)
2. Vacuum is lower than limiting value offered by manufacturer; (≥ 19.7 KPA)
3. Pressure of lube oil falls to below limiting value; (< 0.0392 mpa )
4. Pressure of EH oil falls to below limiting value; (< 7.8 MPA)
5. Axial displacement of rotor is over limiting value; (+1.2 mm & -1.65 mm)
6. Shaft vibration of turbine reaches dangerous value; (>0.25 mm)
7. Bearing cover Vibration High(0.08 mm)
8. Babbitt metal temperature of bearing pad(> 115 Deg.C )and thrust bearing pad
(>110 deg.C) is over limiting value
9. Shutdown the machine manually in central control room (double buttons);
10. DEH tripped; Both pumps Stopped or DEH pannel power failure
10. Temperature of LP Turbine steam exhaust is high (> 120 Deg. C));
11. Differential expansion is over limiting value (HIP+ 6.2 mm/ - 3.2mm)
(LP+ 7.2mm/-6.2mm)
12. Boiler MFT
13. Electrical generator transformer protection
14. Remote manual Emergency shutdown

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 Turbine is not latching (resetting)

• Checks – 1YV should energize, when stay hook is reseting ZS2

should get open
• 3 YV should be reset – mechanical latch to be checked
• All HP trip sol. 5,6,7,8 YV should get energize , Hp trip oil press.
Should be checked for > 12 mpa
• All stop valve trip sol. 9,10.15,16 YV should deenergize

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 ANY OF MSV OR RSV NOT OPENING

• Physically check the opening if open, check open limit switch of

respective SV .
• If physically not open check the trip sol. Should be in de - energize
condition.
• The supply sol. Should receive signals for de-energization.

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 Control Valves are not Opening

• Check the position of 27 and 28 YV (OPC sol. ) they should be de-

energize
• The trip sol. (11,12,13,14,17,18) YV should be de-energize.
• OPC press. to be checked on HP trip and OPC module
• Check the supply signals of respective control valves EHSV.

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 Stand by EHC Pump is starting in normal condition

• Check the EH pump logic check solenoids, (25 YV, 26 YV) it should
be in de-energized condition.
• Check for abnormality in PS-10/PS-11 mounted on DEH oil station.

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 Any one CV or ICV gets fully open or close

• Check LVDT’s physical condition at control valve

• Check operation of EHSV valve.
• Check the position of trip solenoid.

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