Subnetting Problems

Subnetting Problems
• What is the Network ID, Broadcast Address, First

Usable IP, or Last Usable IP on the subnetwork that
the node 192.168.1.15/26 belongs to?
Step 1. Convert the shorthand subnet mask to decimal.
/26 = 255.255.255. + Two additional subnet bits.
Go to your cheat sheet, start at the bottom (128) and count up two, starting with 128.
You should get to 192.
Thus, our decimal subnet mask is 255.255.255.192
Step 2. Determine the block size.
The block size is listed in the block size column parallel to your decimal mask.
The block size is 64.
Step 3. What is my Network ID?
Since we are working in the fourth octet and the block size is 64, the first network is
192.168.1.0.
Step 4. What is the next Network ID?
Again, we look at our block size of 64 to determine the next network is 192.168.1.64.
Network ID (First IP in the subnet): 192.168.1.0
Broadcast address (last IP in the subnet): 192.168.1.63
First Usable IP (the address after the network ID): 192.168.1.1
Last Usable IP (the address before the broadcast address): 192.168.1.62
• How many subnets and hosts per subnet can you
get from the network 192.168.1.0
255.255.255.224?
A) 30,30
B) 8,30
C) 8,8
Step 1: Determine the classful mask.
192 = Class C
Class C default mask = 255.255.255.0
Step 2: Determine how many additional subnet bits exist beyond the classful
boundary.
Since this is a class C address, we are only going to look at the fourth octet. Since the
decimal mask is 224, we know there were three subnet bits added (counting up
from the bottom of our cheat sheet).
Step 3: Determine how many host bits remain.
We are still only working in the fourth octet. Since three bits went to the subnet instep
2, we have five host bits (0's) remaining.
Step 4: Find the exponents of both subnet bits and host bits using the cheat sheet:
Subnet Bits = 2^3 = 8
Host Bits = 2^5-2 = 30
The answer is 8 subnets and 30 hosts per subnet
• You have been asked to create a subnet mask for
the 172.16.0.0 network. Your organization requires
900 subnets, with at least 50 hosts per subnet.
What subnet mask should you use?
Step 1: Determine how many subnet bits (1's), you have to add to the
classful boundary to cover the number of required subnets.
The IP address given was a class B address, making the first 16 subnet
bits static.
• Using the cheat sheet, find the exponent of 2 that is equal to or
greater than the number of subnets we require (900). We can
quickly see that 10 additional subnet bits will give us 1,024 subnets.
Make note of the corresponding subnet mask. In this case,
255.255.255.192. The third octet is eight 1's, and the four is two 1's.
We can count up from the bottom on our cheat sheet to get to 192.
Step 2: Confirm the number of remaining 0's will cover our required
hosts. In this case, there are 6 remaining 0's - 2^6-2=62, which is
more than enough for our host requirements.
Our subnet mask is 255.255.255.192. Giving us 1024 subnets and 62
hosts per subnet.
An organization is granted the block 130.56.0.0/16.
The administrator wants to create 1024 subnets.
• a. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
• b. Find the subnet prefix.
• c. Find the first and the last address in the first
subnet.
• d. Find the first and the last address in the last
subnet
A) 2^n = 1024 Therefore, n = 10. The address given here is a Class B address,
therefore the default mask is /16. 10 bits are required for subnets and hence the
required subnet mask is /(16+10) = /26. In dotted decimal format, it shall be 192
and therefore, the subnet mask will be 255.255.255.192 . B) The remaining bits
must be used for the address in each subnet i.e. there will be 32 - 26 = 6 bits
available for the address component. Therefore, there will be a total of 2^6=64
bits available. Also, 2 bits per subnet cannot be allocated and hence, each subnet
mask will be able to maintain 62 valid addresses .
C)First address in subnet 1 = 130.56.0.1 Last address is subnet 1 = 130.56.0.62
The first address for the block can be calculated by ANDing the address
130.56.0.0 with the subnet mask /26 like below: 10000010 00111000 00000000
00000000 (130.56.0.0) This address can not be allocated, so we will consider the
next address: 10000010 00111000 00000000 00000001 (130.56.0.1) In the similar
manner, the last address that can be allocated before the broadcast address will be
130.56.0.62. D)First address in the 1024 subnet = 130.56.255.193 Last address in
1024 subnet = 130.56.255.254
• What is the network ID portion of the IP address
191.154.25.66 if the default subnet mask is used? What
if /24 is used
a)191.154.0.0 and 191.154.25.0

b)191.154.25.0 and 191.154.25.0
c) 191.154.0.0 and 191.154.0.0
• An organization is granted a block of addresses with
the beginning address 14.24.74.0/24. The
organization needs to have 3 subblocks of
addresses to use in its three subnets: one subblock
of 10 addresses, one subblock of 60 addresses, and
one subblock of 120 addresses. Design the
subblocks
Solution
There are 32 – 24 = 256 addresses in this block. The first address is 14.24.74.0/24; the last address
is 14.24.74.255/24. To satisfy the third requirement, we assign addresses to subblocks, starting
with the largest and ending with the smallest one.
a. The number of addresses in the largest subblock, which requires 120 addresses, is not a
power of 2. We allocate 128 addresses. The subnet mask for this subnet can be found as
n1 = 32 − log2128 = 25. The first address in this block is 14.24.74.0/25; the last address is
14.24.74.127/25.
b. The number of addresses in the second largest subblock, which requires 60 addresses, is
not
a power of 2 either. We allocate 64 addresses. The subnet mask for this subnet can be found
as n2 = 32 − log264 = 26. The first address in this block is 14.24.74.128/26; the last address
is 14.24.74.191/26.
c. The number of addresses in the smallest subblock, which requires 10 addresses, is not a
power of 2 either. We allocate 16 addresses. The subnet mask for this subnet can be found as
n3 = 32 − log216 = 28. The first address in this block is 14.24.74.192/28; the last address is
14.24.74.207/28.
• You work for a large communications corporation named
GlobeComm which has been assigned a Class A network address.
Currently, the company has 1,000 subnets in offices around the
world. You want to add 100 new subnets over the next three
years, and you want to allow for the largest possible number of
host addresses per subnet.
Which subnet mask would you choose?

• Ans: 255.255.224.0
• Requirements: 1,000 subnets + 100 subnets = 1,100 subnets, and
• as many host addresses as possible
• 2^10-2 = 1022 we Know from memory that 2^10= 1024, and will
• yield ONLY 1022 usable subnets with 10 bits of subnetting
• Because our requirements ask for over 1024 subnets, we must
• borrow one more host bit for our subnetting:
• 2^11-2 = (1024 * 2) - 2 = 2046 unique usable subnets
• 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 = 255.0.0.0 Default class
• A subnet mask
• 11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 = 255.255.224.0 Default
• Class A subnet mask with our 11 bits of subnetting
• An ISP is granted the block 80.70.56.0/21. The ISP
needs to allocate addresses for two organizations
each with 500 addresses, two organizations each
with 250 addresses, and three organizations each
with 50 addresses.
• a. Find the number and range of addresses in the
ISP block.
• b. Find the range of addresses for each
organization

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Subnetting Problems

• What is the Network ID, Broadcast Address, First

a)191.154.0.0 and 191.154.25.0

Which subnet mask would you choose?

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