INTEGRATED PROTECTION

SOLUTION
The 6 Point Plan

By: Ferdinand Yan

5 March 2022
 SIX POINT PLAN
1. Capture the lightning strike to a known and preferred
attachment point.
2. Safely convey this energy to ground.

3. Dissipate the energy into a low impedance

grounding system.

4. Bond all ground points together to eliminate

ground loops and create an equipotent plane.

5. Protect incoming AC power feeders

6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits.

 Six Point Protection Plan

Point 1

Point 6

Point 5

Point 2

Point 4
Point 3
Approaches to Lightning Protection
Conventional Rods
and Tapes
(SYSTEM 2000)
FRENCH Standard
ESE Terminals
(SYSTEM 1000)

ERICO SYSTEM
3000 DYNASPHERE
and ERICORE
SURGE PROTECTION

5. Protect incoming AC power feeders

6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits

Consequences of unprotected
Power Systems!
Consequences of unprotected
Power Systems!

Insulation failure due to over

voltage surge
 Why Install Surge Arrester ?

 Sensitive Equipments Repair / Replacement

Cost
 Data Recovery Costs
 Non-Productive Operational Downtime
 Lost Commercial Opportunities
 Cost of Customer Dissatisfaction
 Risks of Continuous Lightning strikes
 Surge Protection

How surges enter facilities

Important Note:

Lightning not always about direct strikes

CHARACTERISTICS of TYPICAL SPD
AC Power Line
PROTECTION
5. Protect incoming AC power feeders
SURGE AND TRANSIENT
PROTECTION

- Will the Surge Protection I select protect the equipment it is designed to

protect ?

How long will the Surge Protection I select last ?

 KEY FEATURES TO SPECIFY FOR SURGE
PROTECTION

Factors to consider to ensure protection :

Suitably Selected Surge Rating

Correct “Let-through” Voltage, based on Exposure Level

Both these factors can be tested under laboratory conditions.

 KEY FEATURES TO SPECIFY FOR SURGE
PROTECTION

Factors to consider to ensure long product life :

Suitably Selected Surge Rating

Temporary Over-voltage withstand

(eg to UL1449 Edition 2)

Both these factors can be tested under laboratory conditions.
Selecting Surge Protection
Where to Install SPD for AC Powered
Equipments
Where to Install SPD for AC Powered
Equipments

 First Line of Defense: Primary Service entrance

Typical more than 100kA rating
 Further reduces low let thru voltages (SDPs)
Typical more than 40kA rating
 Sub circuits such as VSD less than 20kA rating
 ‘Point of use’ additional protection less than
10kA rating
 SURGE RATINGS SUMMARY

Correctly specified surge ratings will contribute

towards =>
Reliable protection
of equipment over a
longer period of time
 TEMPORARY OVER-VOLTAGE

S P D in C onduction TO V C ondition
N om inal C lam ping
Voltage on 50/60 H z
N om inal A C M ains
O perating Voltage
 TEMPORARY OVER-VOLTAGE

When a MOV is subjected to Over-voltage, it begins to conduct current.

This causes energy to be dissipated in the MOV and eventually causes it to fail,
typically to a Short Circuit.

This causes a large amount of Current to flow into the failing product, only limited
by the Power Supply’s ability to deliver current (Prospective Short Circuit
Current).

The product then often “blows” open circuit causing arcing and potential fire
hazard.

A design challenge is to avoid this explosive fire hazard!

 UL 1449 over-voltage tests

Product first tested with 110% of nominal

voltage for 7 hours
Then tested with 125% nominal voltage for 7
hours (now eliminated)
Finally, 7 hour safety test with full phase
voltage. i.e. 240V products used on
240/415V systems are tested with 415V
Passing UL “full phase voltage” test

High voltage MOV's

Increased voltage let-through to equipment!
Containment
Smoke in the box is not allowed out
Thermal fuses
Safe, but permanently disconnects protection!
TD technology
Meets UL requirements and continues to
provide transient protection after an over-
voltage event
 TRANSIENT DISCRIMINATING

Low SPD
voltage clamping

TD technology.
clamping
 Abnormal Over-Voltage

ERICO design features to address Abnormal Over voltage involve three factors:

 Transient Discriminating Technology

 Thermal Fusing

 Over current Fusing

 1) TD Technology

Low SPD
voltage clamping

TD technology.
clamping
 2) Thermal Fusing

This approach uses the heat of the failing SPD to cause a disconnection to
occur. This is usually accomplished by allowing a soldered connection
to melt and spring open.
 3) Over current Fusing

This approach uses a more familiar fuse to disconnect the product. The fuse used here is a special design that:

Has high Current Interrupting Capacity (kAIC)

Will pass high surge currents, but

Will open quickly on AC follow-on currents!

 Application of SPD’s
for AC Power Systems

Before applying SPD’s to AC Power Systems,

we first need to determine the type of
power system, commonly used:
TN-C-S
TT
DIN Rail mounted
Surge Protectors
 CRITEC Products
for the IEC System (VDE B)

100kA
10/350us
50kA
10/350us
 CRITEC Products
for the IEC System (VDE B)

150kA
8/20us

25kA
10/350us
 CRITEC Products
for the IEC System (VDE C)
5kA
10/350us

60kA
8/20us

10kA 100kA
10/350us 8/20us

10kA
8/20us

40kA
8/20us
CRITEC DIN Rail Mount
TDS150 Series

TD Technology
™

Replaceable Modules
Imax 50kA 8/20
In 20kA 8/20
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Single Phase
150, 240, 277, 560V
Voltage Models
CRITEC DIN Rail Mount
TDS1100 Series

TD Technology
™

Replaceable Modules
Imax 100kA 8/20
In rating 40kA 8/20
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Single Phase
150, 240, 277, 560V
Voltage Models
CRITEC DIN Rail Mount
TDS350TNC Series

TD Technology
™

Replaceable Modules
50kA 8/20 per Phase L-N
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Three Phase
150 and 277V Voltage
Models
CRITEC DIN Rail Mount
TDS350TT Series

TD Technology
™

Replaceable Modules
50kA 8/20 per Phase L-N
12.5kA 10/350 N-Gnd
DIN Rail Mount
Change-over Contacts
Three Phase
150 and 277V Voltage
Models
 Transient Discriminating
MOVTEC

TDS-MPM

TDS-MOVTEC
 TDX Modular
Common Specifications

Incorporate the three safety

technologies:
TD technology
™

Thermal protection
Over-current protection
200kAIC rating
EMI/RFI filtering
Metal NEMA 4 enclosure
 CRITEC TDX100M and
TDX200M Specifications
™
Modular TD “Plug-able”
Available in Wye or Delta Three Phase
configurations
All mode or TT models (TT for Asia)
Alarm Contacts
Optional surge counter

TDX100M
100kA 8/20us
per phase TDX200M
200kA 8/20us
per phase
CRITEC TDX200M
Typical Panel Installation
The TDX Compact
Product Range
 TDX Compact
Common Specifications

Compact TD ™

Single or Three Phase Wye

configurations
All mode protection
Metal NEMA 4 enclosure
50 or 100kA 8/20 per Phase
200kAIC rating
CRITEC TDX100M and TDX50C
Typical Panel Installation
HOW TO CONTROL THE VOLTAGE
TO YOUR EQUIPMENT

Series Connected Device

Wavefront slowed
 Energy diverted and filtered
 Sized based on load current
 Lower let-through voltage
 Ideal for electronics,
computing & communications
equipment - fine protection
Triggered Spark Gap Technology

Designed to overcome problems

associated with “Long Tail Pulses”

Enhanced Spark Gap Technology

combined with TDS Technology
provides the building blocks for
the future of effective surge
protection
Internal Workings – Sectional View
SURGE REDUCTION
FILTER
Steps Taken for Identifying Plants

 Collect as many single line data as possible

 Visual survey to sites if possible
 Determine MDPs and SDPs
 Determine Level 1,2 & 3 Protection Devices
 Generates MTO List
Telephone and Data Line
PROTECTION
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits.
Consequence of unprotected
data circuits!
Consequence of unprotected
low voltage data circuits!
HYBRID DATA CIRCUIT
PERFORMANCE
Telecoms
Systems:
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PROTECTION
 DATA LINE
PROTECTION
 UTB Series
Universal Transient Barrier

The UTB employs a hybrid, three stage

clamping circuit, to ensure the best
possible protection to sensitive
electronic equipment while maintaining
a minimum of line interference and
insertion losses

Imax (8/20us) = 20 kA
 UTB Series
Universal Transient Barrier

Resettable PTCs Series Coordinating

provide overcurrent Elements
protection

Stage 1: Gas Tube Stage 2: Metal Stage 3: Silicon

with shorting bar - Oxide Varistors Avalanche
primary surge and – intermediate Diodes – fine
mains incursion protection protection
protection
New UTB’s
Universal Transient Barriers
used in SCADA protection
 ERICO SURGE PRODUCTS

Let’s look at some surge products:

• Primary (Point of Entry) – Shunt
• Primary (Point of Entry) – Series
• Secondary (Sub-panel) – Shunt
• Secondary (Sub-panel) – Series
• Telecommunications Protectors
• Data/Signalling Protectors
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Primary (Point of Entry) - Shunt (1)

TDS-MPM

TDX

TDS-MOVTEC
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Primary (Point of Entry) - Shunt (2)

TSG
DSD

TDS350
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Primary (Point of Entry) - Series

Modular SRF

TSG-SRF
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Secondary (Sub-panel) - Shunt

DSD
TDS
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Secondary (Sub-panel) - Series

TDF and DSF

PLF
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(Telecoms, Data)

Telecommunications Protectors

DLT (for SLP

SLP and HSP
and HSP)
UTB-S
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(Telecoms, Data)
CSP DEP

CCTV LCP

UTB
LAN
 IEC LP / SP Standards
IEC SC37A Surge Protection
IEC 61643 Series: Surge Protective Devices
IEC 61643-1 : Surge Protective Devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems: Performance requirements and testing methods –
WG5
IEC 61643-12 : Surge Protective Devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems: Selection and application principles – WG3
IEC 61643-21 : Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications
and signaling networks – Performance requirements and testing methods
– WG4
IEC 61643-22 : Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications
and signaling networks – Selection and application principles – WG4

Note: Efforts are being taken to ensure that IEC 62305-4

defers to IEC61643-12.
 New UL1449 Edition 3 Test Requirements

 UL will now test and label In rating

 SVR replaced with VPL – a Cat B 6kV/3kA “Let-through”

Voltage Test

 Requirement for additional tests for product safety under

abnormal over voltage tests (SSCR)
 participation on international standards

Surge protection standards:

IEEE C62 - Low Voltage SPDC
- ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1, C62.41.2, C62.45
IEC SC37A - Low Voltage SPD - WG5, WG3
- IEC61643-1, IEC61643-12
NEMA 5VS - Low Voltage SPD
- LS-1, VS-1

Lightning structural protection standards:

NFPA 780 - Lightning Protection
AS1768 – Lightning Protection
IEC TC81 - Lightning Protection
ERICO
Surge
Laboratory
ERICO Surge Laboratory
160kA 8/20 or 15kA 10/350
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Primary (Point of Entry) - Shunt (1)

TDS-MPM

TDX

TDS-MOVTEC
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(AC POWER)

Primary (Point of Entry) - Shunt (2)

TSG
DSD

TDS350
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(Telecoms, Data)

Telecommunications Protectors

DLT (for SLP

SLP and HSP
and HSP)
UTB-S
 SURGE PRODUCTS
(Telecoms, Datacoms)
CSP DEP

CCTV LCP

UTB
LAN
 Case Study for SPD

Central PLC and Remote Sensor

CENTRAL
F A C ILIT Y

LEGEND:
MSB = Main Switch Board
MDF = Main Distribution Frame
MEB = Main Earth Bar
BB = Bonding Bar

LO C A L PLC = Programmable Logic Controller

SENSOR
O P ER A T O R
MDF
C O N S O LE
TELECO M REMOTE
SPD SENSOR

MSB SPD MODEM S IG N A L LIN E (S )

AC POW ER P LC S PD SPD
SPD SPD
MEB BB
 SECO ND FLOO R

PABX

Multi-storey building ID F
DB
With PABX on
Upper Floor S PD
SP D IN T E R N A L
E XT E N S IO N S
EB BB S PD

E XT E R N A L F IR S T F LO O R
E XT E N S IO N S

MDF G R O U N D FL O O R

S PD
TELECO MS
S E R V IC E
SPD

MSB
AC POW ER
SPD
LEGEND:
MEB BB
MSB = Main Switch Board
DB = Distribution Board
MDF = Main Distribution Frame
IDF = Intermediate Distribution Frame
MEB = Main Earth Bar; BB = Bonding Bar
 A Domestic Computer
and ADSL Modem

Fax

T e lecom s MPSD
S ocket
T E LE C O M S V oice
S E R V IC E
SPD ADSL

Po wer M od em M o nitor PC P rinter S can ne r

S ocket
SB
AC POW ER
SPD

MPSD POW ER BOARD

LEGEND:
SB = Switch Board
MPSD = Multi-service Surge Protection Device
ADSL = Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line
 R O O F T O P C ABIN

SP D
EQ P T
Rooftop Cellular SPD DB
Base Station BB
T O BLD G LPS

AC PO W E R MSB
SP D
MEB

LEGEND:
MSB = Main Switch Board; DB = Distribution Board
MEB = Main Earth Bar; BB = Bonding Bar