Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 42 views

    Route of Administration

    Uploaded by

    Fatema Osama
    The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. It begins by outlining factors that influence route selection such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. It then classifies routes as enteral, parenteral, or local/topical. Specific enteral routes discussed are oral, sublingual/buccal, and rectal. Parenteral routes covered are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and transdermal. Each route is described in terms of uses, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Route of Administration

    Uploaded by

    Fatema Osama
    42 views17 pages
    The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. It begins by outlining factors that influence route selection such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. It then classifies routes as enteral, parenteral, or local/topical. Specific enteral routes discussed are oral, sublingual/buccal, and rectal. Parenteral routes covered are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and transdermal. Each route is described in terms of uses, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. It begins by outlining factors that influence route selection such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. It then classifies routes as enteral, parenteral, or local/topical. Specific enteral routes discussed are oral, sublingual/buccal, and rectal. Parenteral routes covered are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and transdermal. Each route is described in terms of uses, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views17 pages

    Route of Administration

    Uploaded by

    Fatema Osama
    The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. It begins by outlining factors that influence route selection such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. It then classifies routes as enteral, parenteral, or local/topical. Specific enteral routes discussed are oral, sublingual/buccal, and rectal. Parenteral routes covered are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and transdermal. Each route is described in terms of uses, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Routes of drug

    administration
     The reason for choice of routes of drug administration
    are governing by various factors:

    ♡ Physical and chemical properties of the drug.


    -The physical properties are solid, liquid and gas.
    -The chemical properties are solubility, stability, pH, irritancy etc

    ♡ Site of desired action: may be localized or generalize.


    ♡ Rate of extent of absorption of the drug from different routes.
    ♡ Effect of digestive juices and the first pass metabolism of drugs.
    ♡ Condition of the patient.
    Routes of drug administration
    Classification

    Systemic Local
    Enteral Parenteral • Skin topical
    Inside the GIT Outside the GIT
    • Ocular drops
    • Oral • Sublingual
    • rectal • Ear drops
    • Inhalational
    • Intranasal drops
    • Intravenous

    • Intramuscular

    • Subcutaneous

    • Transdermal
    A. Enteral

    1. Oral:Oral administration is a route of


    administration where a substance is taken
    through the mouth (Per os).

    Advantages
    1. Economical
    2. Easily self-administered
    3. The safest route; as the overdose of an oral drug may be overcomed
    with antidotes, such as activated charcoal.

    Disadvantages
    1. The pathways involved in oral drug absorption are the most
    complicated due to the first-pass metabolism.
    2. The low gastric pH inactivates some drugs.
    2. Sublingual/buccal:
    Placement under the tongue allows a drug to diffuse into the
    capillary network and enter the systemic circulation directly.
    Example: Nitroglycerin.

    Advantages
    1. Ease of administration.
    2. Rapid absorption.
    3. Bypass destruction by stomach acid, bypass first-pass metabolism.

    Disadvantages
    1. Limited to certain types of drugs
    2. Limited to drugs that can be taken in small doses
    3. May lose part of the drug dose if swallowed.
    3. Rectal:

    Advantages:
    1. Useful if the drug induces vomiting when given orally.
    2. If the patient is already vomiting, or if the patient is unconscious.

    Disadvantages:
    1. Can't be used in diarrhea.
    2. Rectal absorption is often irregular and incomplete.
    3. Many drugs irritate the rectal mucosa.
    B.Parenteral

    Uses
    1. Parenteral administration is used for drugs that are poorly absorbed from
    the GI tract (for example, heparin) and unstable drugs in the GI tract (for
    example, insulin)
    2. If a patient unconscious.
    3. In circumstances that require a rapid onset of action.

    Advantages:
    4. Parenteral routes have the highest bioavailability
    5. The drugs are not subjected to the first-pass metabolism or the harsh GI
    environment.

    Disadvantages
    1. These routes of administration are irreversible
    2. May cause pain, fear, local tissue damage, and infections.
    Intravenous .1
    The most common parenteral route.

    Advantages:
    Can have immediate effects
    Ideal if dosed in large volumes
    In emergency situations
    Ideal for high molecular weight
    1. Proteins and peptide drugs (e.g. Albumin)
    2. Ideal for irritant drugs because the substance is rapidly diluted by the
    blood.

    Disadvantages:
    1. Unsuitable for oily substances.
    2. Bolus injection may result in adverse effects.
    3. Most substances must be slowly injected.
    4. Strict aseptic techniques needed.
    Intramuscular .3
    Drugs administered IM can be in
    aqueous solutions, which are
    absorbed rapidly, or in specialized
    depot preparations, which are
    absorbed slowly.

    Advantages
    1. Suitable for oily vehicles and certain irritating substances
    (e.g. iron dextran intramuscular injection)
    2. Preferable to intravenous injection if the patient must self-
    administrate

    Disadvantages
    1. Painful
    2. Can cause intramuscular hemorrhage.
    :Subcutaneous injection .3

    Like IM injection, SC injection


    provides absorption via simple
    diffusion and is slower than the IV and
    .IM route

    Advantages
    .Suitable for slow-release drugs .1
    .Ideal for some poorly soluble suspensions .2

    Disadvantages

    .Pain or necrosis if drug is irritating .1


    .Unsuitable for drugs administered in large volumes .2
    4. Intradermal injection

    It is a shallow or superficial injection


    of a substance into the dermis.

    This route is relatively rare compared


    to injections into the subcutaneous
    tissue or muscle. Due to the more
    complex use.

    It is used for certain therapies only,


    such as tuberculose tests and allergy
    tests.
    (Because the body's reaction to
    substances is more easily visible
    since it is closer to the surface.)
    5. Inhalation:

    Inhalation routes, both oral and nasal , provide rapid delivery of a


    drug across the large surface area of the mucous membranes of the
    respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium.
    Advantages

     Drug effects are almost as rapid as those with IV bolus.

     This route is effective and convenient for patients with


    respiratory disorders (such as asthma or chronic obstructive
    pulmonary disease), because the drug is delivered directly to
    the site of action, thereby minimizing systemic side effects..

    Disadvantages

     Patient may have difficulty regulating dose.

     Some patients may have difficulty using inhalers.


    6. Transdermal

    This route of administration achieves


    systemic effects by application of
    drugs to the skin, usually via a
    transdermal patch .

    The rate of absorption can vary


    markedly, depending on the
    physical characteristics of the skin
    at the site of application, as well as
    the lipid solubility of the drug.

    Example: Nicotine transdermal


    patches, which are used to facilitate
    smoking cessation.
    Topical:
    Topical application is used when a local effect of the drug
    is desired.

    For example: Clotrimazole is a cream, applied directly to


    the skin for the treatment of fungal infections.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy