Methods of Recording Jaw Relation

Jaw Relation
Presented by:
Dr : Rufida alneel
Maxillomandibular relationship
Definition:
 A positional relationship, which the mandible bears to
the maxilla.
 It is considered in terms of vertical and horizontal
component.
Maxillomandibular relationship
Objectives:
Accurate determination, recording and transfer of jaw
relation records to the articulator is essential for:
 restoration of function.
 facial appearance.
 maintenance of the pt health.
Classification of MMR components
I.Orientation
Relation
II. Vertical Relation
III. Horizontal
relation
Classification of MMR components
o Orientation relation:
Establish the reference in the cranium.
o Vertical relation:
Establish the amount of jaw separation allowable
for denture use .
o Horizontal relation:
Establish the antero-posterior and lateral
relationship of the mandible to maxilla.
I. Orientation Relation
Occlusal plane
1 orientation
2 Cranio-Maxillary
Orientation
1) Occlusal plane orientation:
 Established by the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the
upper and lower teeth. Represents the mean of the
curvature of occlusal surfaces of teeth
Occlusal plane orientation
The following factors must be considered:
1) Aesthetics.
2) Function: - phonetics.
- chewing.
3) mechanical factors: - Leverage action.
- parallism.
4) Anatomic factors.
A. Aesthetics
The occlusal plane anteriorly should be:
 1-2 mm below the relaxed lip.
Parallel to the interpupillary line.
The occlusal plane posteriorly should be:

Parallel to the ala-tragus line.
B. Function
A. Phonetics.
 Is a helpful guide for the vertical orientation of the
ant. occlusal plane.
 Checked by pronouncing dento-labial litters eg. F
& V.
B. Function
B. Chewing .
The muscular activity during chewing cycle
could be used as guide for occlusal plane level.
making the level of the occlusal plane below the

greatest convexity of the tongue will enhance lower
denture stability.
C. Mechanical Factors
The nearer the occlusal plane to the basal bone of
the jaws, the less the leverage action and the
better the stability.
The occlusal plane should be parallel to both

ridges. As a result the masticatory forces are
perpendicular on the ridges avoiding the
horizontal displacement of the denture.
D. Anatomical factors
Lower occlusal plane could be guided
anatomically by the corner of the mouth anterior,
and half or two third of the retromolar pad
posteriorly.
2) Cranio-Maxillary Orientation:
-The relationship between the maxilla and TMJ
 recorded either by:
 following Bonwill triangle, or
 Using face-bow transfer with
adjustable articulator
Vertical Vertical
Interocclusal dimension of
Dimension of Rest
Position distance. occlusion.
A. Vertical dimension of rest (V.D.R.):
 The vertical dimension of the face with the jaws in the
rest position.
A. Vertical dimension of rest
 Physiologic rest position:
The habitual postural position of the mandible when the
pt is in the upright position and the condyles are in a
neutral unstrained position in the glenoid fossae.
 Why, upright position?
a) Gravity.
b) Muscles tonic contracture.
A. Vertical Dimension of Rest
The main objective of determining V.D.R.
to help in establishing the vertical dimension of
occlusion(V.D.O.).
As:
V.D.R. = V.D.O. + interocclusal distance
A. Vertical dimension of rest
Factors influencing the postural rest position:
A) Short term factors:
1. Head posture increased by tilting head backward.
2. Stress decreased by stress.
3. Extraction of teeth decrease following extraction.
4. Pain decrease by pain in the mouth or belong to it.
5. Respiration increase during inspiration.

Factors influencing the postural rest position:
B)Long term factors:
1. Age and health status
A decrease in the rest vertical dimension usually
accompany prolonged period of edentulism.
2. Bruxism
Mainly abnormal habits are usually associated with
muscular hypertonicity with a resultant decrease
in
the vertical dimension of rest.
B. Interocclusal distance
(freeway Space)
It is the distance between the occluding surfaces of the
maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in
its physiologic rest position.
Space between wax rims at physiologic rest position
usually 2-4 mm
B. Interocclusal distance
(freeway Space)
Significance:
Allows relaxation of masticatory apparatus:
 only minimal activity in the elevator and depressor

muscles of the mandible.
 The tissues, which support the denture, are not loaded.
 There is no strain on the T.M.J. capsule.

* Effects of excessively increasing the vertical
dimension:
1) Pain and discomfort of oral tissues
due to sudden and frequent contacts.
2) Increased bone resorption.
3) Muscle pain, spasm and facial pain.
4) Clicking or clattering of teeth.
5) Poor appearance (elongation of face,
incompetent lips at rest, expression of strain)
6) Pathologic conditions in the TMJ.
Effects of excessively reducing the vertical
dimension:
1) Poor esthetics: increased age appearance
2) Reduced masticatory efficiency.
3) Cheek biting.
4) Angular cheilitis.
5) Pain in the TMJ.
III. Vertical dimension of occlusion
The vertical dimension of the face when the teeth or
occlusion rims are in contact in centric occlusion.
Methods of determining vertical dimension:
I. Mechanical methods:
1) Parallism of the posterior residual
ridges.
 Some clinicians consider that the correct vertical

dimension is located when the posterior ridges are
parallel to each other.
 It is not reliable method in many instances.
 It may be of value when considered with other
observations.
Parallism of the posterior residual ridges.
Mechanical methods
2) Measurement of the former dentures.
An accurate assessment of the patient’s existing denture

including:
 Esthetics.
Phonetics.
 Vertical relation.
Mechanical methods
3) Pre-extraction record:
a) Profile radiographs.
 Pre and post extraction cephalometric profile
radiographs with the teeth or record blocks in
occlusion.
 Requires considerable time.
 Too frequent exposure to irradiation.
Cephalometric radiograph that could be used to
help determine vertical
dimension of occlusion.
Mechanical methods
b. Photographs.
 Frontal views, showing
teeth shape and size and the smile line.
 Profile views, showing the support of the lips, facial

hight and teeth position.
 Not accurate due to
variation in sharpness and
size of the photographs.
Mechanical methods
c) Articulated study cast.

1) Measurements between certain stable anatomical
landmark can be used.
2) Indicate the amount of vertical and horizontal overlap.
3) Assist in the selection of the teeth.
Preextraction study models mounted to
measure estimates of size, shape,
arrangement, and overlap of teeth.
Mechanical methods
d) facial measurements:
concepts based on facial measurements have been shown
to be of little practical value as:
1) The points of measurements are too vague.
2) The individual variation in facial features.
d- facial measurements:
Various devices for making facial measurement have been
used in many forms :
** Willis gauge.
** Profile silhouette.
** Face mask.
** Tattoo.
II. Physiologic methods:
1) Physiologic rest position.
2) Phonetics.
3) Esthetics.
4) Swallowing.
5) Patient’s tactile sense.
6) Boos bimeter.
7) Electromyography.
1) Physiologic Rest Position
The two dot tech. (niswonger 1934).
based on measering the VD when the Man. In rest
position.
1) Physiologic Rest Position
The rest jaw relationship can be achieved by any or all
of the following aids:
a. Ask the pt to moisten the lips with the tip of the
tongue and then close them to comfortable position.
b. Ask the pt to swallow and relax without separating
the lips.
c. Ask the pt to repeat the litter “M” several times
finishing in the middle of the last M.
Phonetics.
Closest speaking space (silverman 1955).

Based on assessment of VD during speaking.
Rims or teeth should be at least 1mm apart.
Steps: 1) adjustment of VD.
2) pronunciation of “S, TH, M, F and V).
Swallowing.
Shanahan 1956.
The soft wax on the occlusion rims is reduced
during swallowing to the correct VDO.
Used only as a guide to the VDO.
III. Horizontal Relation
Horizontal Relation
Centric Centric Eccentric

relation occlusion relation
protrusive lateral
relations relations
A. Centric relation
Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms:
 the most retruded position of the mandible to maxilla
to and from which the individual can make lateral
movements.
It can occur at different degrees of jaw separation.
It occurs around the terminal hinge axis.
Maxillomandibular relationship & independent of
tooth presence or absence
A. Centric relation
The basic horizontal relationship.
Not a resting or postural position of the mandible.
It is a guided, retruded position rather than a habitual
position presented by the patient.
Constant for any person.
Centric Relation - Why?
1) It is a definite learned position.
2) Conducive to health (non-pathologic).
Less chance of pain and muscular strain.
3) The position can be recorded and repeated.
4) It is a reference position in recording MMR and
developing occlusion.
Centric Relation - Why?
5) Edentulous pts use CR closures in mastication and
swallowing.
6) Opposing artificial teeth very likely will contact in CR,
due to the loss of guiding influences of the
periodontium.
7) CR records eliminate retrusive considerations in the
occlusal scheme.
B. Centric occlusion
Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms:
The relation of the opposing occlusal surfaces that
provides the maximum planned contact and/or
intercuspation.
Methods used to record centric relation
physiologic tactile
Needle
house
methods functional
patterson
intraoral
graphic
extraoral
Methods used to guide the man. to CO:
A. Tongue retrusion.
B. Swallowing.
C. Tilting the head well back.
D. Muscle fatigue.
E. Palpation of temporal and masseter muscle to
relax them.
F. Instruct the pt to get the feeling of pushing the
upper jaw out and closing the back teeth
together.
Record blocks
They consist of 2 parts, the base plate and the rim.
Used to record jaw relations and to arrange teeth.
Record bases simulate the finished denture base.
Wax occlusion rims simulate the position of the teeth
hab
itua
l
Dimensions of the blocks

pos
itio
n
hab
Upper bite blocks wit the occlusal height
itua
h
 anteriorly =22-24mm l
ne
pos
w
 posteriorly 16-18mm.
itio
wax
n
rim
wit The width = 6-10mm
s
h
ne
 Lower bite block, w the occlusal height
wax
 anteriorly= 16-18mm,
rim
 posteriorly= 11-12mm.
s
The width= 6-10mm

Clinical procedure for recording
maxillomandibular relations
1. Check the extension, retention and
stability of upper and lower record blocks.
2. Trimming the upper record
block
A. Labial fullness
Contour the facial surface of the occlusion rim by
adding or trimming wax.
B. Adjusting the occlusal plane level
C. Establishment of the occlusal plane
orientation
D.

Marking Guidelines
which provide guidance of ant. Teeth selection.
a) midline.
b) Canine line.
c) High lip line.

3. Adjusting the lower record
block
1-2 mm horizontal overjet
in centric position.
 an initial height to the

level of,
 the corners of the
mouth when the lip is
relaxed .
 2/3s up the retro molar
pad.
4. Adjusting the vertical
dimension
5. Registration of centric
relation
Have a good day 

Methods of Recording Jaw Relation

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Jaw Relation

II. Vertical Relation

The occlusal plane posteriorly should be:

making the level of the occlusal plane below the

The occlusal plane should be parallel to both

2. Stress decreased by stress.

3. Extraction of teeth decrease following extraction.

4. Pain decrease by pain in the mouth or belong to it.

5. Respiration increase during inspiration.

 only minimal activity in the elevator and depressor

 The tissues, which support the denture, are not loaded.

 There is no strain on the T.M.J. capsule.

 Some clinicians consider that the correct vertical

An accurate assessment of the patient’s existing denture

 Profile views, showing the support of the lips, facial

c) Articulated study cast.

Closest speaking space (silverman 1955).

Centric Centric Eccentric

Dimensions of the blocks

The width= 6-10mm

c) High lip line.

 an initial height to the

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