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Core of Embedded System

An embedded system typically contains a single chip controller as its brain. It also includes memory to store programs and data, input and output devices to interact with the external environment, and communication interfaces. Embedded firmware contains the program instructions and configuration settings that are stored in the system's memory. Other components like power supplies, oscillators, and reset circuits ensure proper functioning of the embedded system.

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Aruna Patil
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416 views

Core of Embedded System

An embedded system typically contains a single chip controller as its brain. It also includes memory to store programs and data, input and output devices to interact with the external environment, and communication interfaces. Embedded firmware contains the program instructions and configuration settings that are stored in the system's memory. Other components like power supplies, oscillators, and reset circuits ensure proper functioning of the embedded system.

Uploaded by

Aruna Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Typical Embedded System

Chapter 2 - Shibu
Introduction
• A typical embedded system contains a single chip
controller which acts as the master brain of the
system.
▫ Microprocessor, Microcontroller, FPGA device,
DSP, ASIC / ASSP
• The memory of the system is responsible for
holding the control algorithm and other important
configuration details.
▫ ROM – OTP, PROM, UVEPROM, EEPROM and
FLASH
▫ RAM – SRAM, DRAM and NVRAM
• Embedded hardware/software systems are
basically designed to regulate a physical variable
or to manipulate the state of some devices by
sending some control signals to the Actuators or
devices connected to the output ports of the
system, in response to the input signals provided
by the end user or Sensors which are connected
to the input ports.
▫ Keyboards, push button switches are examples of
common user interface input devices.
▫ LEDs, LCD, piezoelectric buzzers are examples of
common user interface output devices.
• Communication interface is essential for
communicating with various subsystems of the
embedded system and with the external world.
▫ Device/board level communication interface, Product
level communication interface
• Embedded firmware refers to the control algorithm
(program instructions) and the configuration settings
that an embedded system developer dumps into the
code (program) memory of the embedded system.
• The other system components refer to the
components/circuits/ICs which are necessary for the
proper functioning of the embedded system.
▫ Reset circuit, Brown-out circuit, Oscillator unit, RTC,
Watchdog Timer
2.1 Core of the Embedded System
• Embedded systems are domain and application
specific and are built around a central core.
• Categories are
▫ General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors
 Microprocessors
 Microcontrollers
 Digital Signal Processors
▫ ASIC
▫ PLDs
▫ COTS
2.2 Memory
• Memory is an important part of the
processor/controller based embedded system.
• Some of the processors/controllers contain built-
in memory and this is referred as on-chip
memory.
• Others do not contain any memory inside the
chip and requires external memory to be
connected with the processor/controller to store
the control algorithm and this is referred as off-
chip memory.
Program Storage Memory (ROM)
Read-Write Memory / Random Access
Memory (RAM)
2.3 Sensors & Actuators
• A sensor is a transducer device that converts
energy from one form to another for any
measurement or control purpose.
• Actuator is a form of transducer device
(mechanical or electrical) which converts signals
to corresponding physical action (motion).
• The I/O subsystem of the embedded system
facilitates the interaction of the embedded system
with the external world.
2.4 Communication Interface
• Communication interface is essential for
communicating with various subsystems of the
embedded system and with the external world.
• The communication channel which interconnects
the various components within an embedded
product is referred as device/board level
communication interface.
• The Product level communication interface is
responsible for data transfer between the
embedded system and other devices or modules.
2.5 Embedded Firmware
• Embedded firmware refers to the control algorithm
and the configuration settings that an embedded
system developer dumps into the code memory of the
embedded system.
• It is an un-avoidable part of an embedded system.
• There are various methods available for developing
embedded firmware
▫ Write the program in high level languages using an IDE
▫ Write the program in Assembly language using the
instructions supported by your application’s target
processor/controller.
2.6 Other System Components
• The other system components refer to the
components/circuits/ICs which are necessary for
the proper functioning of the embedded system.
• Some of these circuits may be essential for the
proper functioning of the processor/controller
and firmware execution.
• Some of the controllers or SoCs integrate these
components within a single IC.
2.7 PCB and Passive Components
• Printed Circuit Board is the backbone of every
embedded system.
• After finalizing the components and the inter-
connection among them, a schematic design is
created and according to it the PCB is fabricated.
• PCB acts as a platform for mounting all the
necessary components as per the design
requirements.
• Also it acts as a platform for testing your
embedded firmware.

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